Number, size and distribution of ganglion neurons in urinary bladder
... cursors that colonize the bladder during em bryonic life may penetrate this organ by migrating along the vessels. Should this be so, then the distribution of the intramural neurons may reflect aspects of the migratory process of ganglion cells. In Calomys callo sus, the few ganglia present were sc ...
... cursors that colonize the bladder during em bryonic life may penetrate this organ by migrating along the vessels. Should this be so, then the distribution of the intramural neurons may reflect aspects of the migratory process of ganglion cells. In Calomys callo sus, the few ganglia present were sc ...
Changes of Synaptic Density in the Primary Visual Cortex of the
... diverse manners of presentations. We also decided to examine individual cases over a wide range of age, from embryonic stages to 20 years, rather than perform a cross-sectional analysis of many animals at only a few ages. This strategy provided reliable curves of overall changes in synaptic density ...
... diverse manners of presentations. We also decided to examine individual cases over a wide range of age, from embryonic stages to 20 years, rather than perform a cross-sectional analysis of many animals at only a few ages. This strategy provided reliable curves of overall changes in synaptic density ...
Sparse Coding in the Neocortex
... that the ultimate goal is to have one neuron for every object—and certainly not for a particular view of every object. We believe that sparseness helps learning and prediction even at early stages of sensory processing, like those found in V1. But too much specificity or sparseness can actually make ...
... that the ultimate goal is to have one neuron for every object—and certainly not for a particular view of every object. We believe that sparseness helps learning and prediction even at early stages of sensory processing, like those found in V1. But too much specificity or sparseness can actually make ...
Dexamethasone Rapidly Increases GABA Release in the Dorsal
... Glucocorticoids influence vagal parasympathetic output to the viscera via mechanisms that include modulation of neural circuitry in the dorsal vagal complex, a principal autonomic regulatory center. Glucocorticoids can modulate synaptic neurotransmitter release elsewhere in the brain by inducing rel ...
... Glucocorticoids influence vagal parasympathetic output to the viscera via mechanisms that include modulation of neural circuitry in the dorsal vagal complex, a principal autonomic regulatory center. Glucocorticoids can modulate synaptic neurotransmitter release elsewhere in the brain by inducing rel ...
MECHANISMS OF CENTRAL TRANSMISSION OF RESPIRATORY
... chemoreceptor excitation likewise led to increased activity (P. Langhorst and H. P. Koepchen, unpublished data). Therefore the chemoreceptor reflex increase of breathing is a generally activating reflex according to case c in Table I . The known inhibition of respiration by arterial baroreceptor aff ...
... chemoreceptor excitation likewise led to increased activity (P. Langhorst and H. P. Koepchen, unpublished data). Therefore the chemoreceptor reflex increase of breathing is a generally activating reflex according to case c in Table I . The known inhibition of respiration by arterial baroreceptor aff ...
Open-loop organization of thalamic reticular nucleus and dorsal
... state. Several studies have shown that a mixture of bursting and individual spikes is seen in awake animals (Fanselow et al. 2001; Guido and Weyand 1995; Ortuño et al. 2014; Ramcharan et al. 2005), suggesting that the excitability of thalamic neurons may be actively modulated during wakefulness. Thi ...
... state. Several studies have shown that a mixture of bursting and individual spikes is seen in awake animals (Fanselow et al. 2001; Guido and Weyand 1995; Ortuño et al. 2014; Ramcharan et al. 2005), suggesting that the excitability of thalamic neurons may be actively modulated during wakefulness. Thi ...
- Hayden Lab
... (r = 0.218, p = 0.006) (Figure 4B). We confirmed the significance of this correlation using a bootstrap correlation test (p = 0.0061; see Experimental Procedures). To match the criteria used above, these analyses do not include trials with safe options; however, if we repeat the analysis but include ...
... (r = 0.218, p = 0.006) (Figure 4B). We confirmed the significance of this correlation using a bootstrap correlation test (p = 0.0061; see Experimental Procedures). To match the criteria used above, these analyses do not include trials with safe options; however, if we repeat the analysis but include ...
Intracellular and extracellular signatures of action potentials
... why mammalian neurons often have characteristically sharp onset in the somatic recordings of action potentials. Until recently, researchers debated on the causes of this so-called ‘kink’. We tested different hypotheses by means of computational modelling. We show that the Critical Resistive Coupling ...
... why mammalian neurons often have characteristically sharp onset in the somatic recordings of action potentials. Until recently, researchers debated on the causes of this so-called ‘kink’. We tested different hypotheses by means of computational modelling. We show that the Critical Resistive Coupling ...
Odorant Category Profile Selectivity of Olfactory Cortex Neurons
... mixture (3–7 odorants) used for the stimulation with each category, and the perceptual quality. B, Ventrolateral view of the rat brain. The analysis focused on neurons located within the green rectangular area (an arrow with *). Boundaries of the olfactory category were recorded at least three times ...
... mixture (3–7 odorants) used for the stimulation with each category, and the perceptual quality. B, Ventrolateral view of the rat brain. The analysis focused on neurons located within the green rectangular area (an arrow with *). Boundaries of the olfactory category were recorded at least three times ...
Dopamine Modulates the Function of Group II and Group III
... GABA-ergic SNr neurons were identified according to previously established electrophysiological criteria (Richards et al., 1997). GABA-ergic neurons exhibited spontaneous repetitive firing, short duration action potentials, little spike frequency adaptation, and a lack of inward rectification, where ...
... GABA-ergic SNr neurons were identified according to previously established electrophysiological criteria (Richards et al., 1997). GABA-ergic neurons exhibited spontaneous repetitive firing, short duration action potentials, little spike frequency adaptation, and a lack of inward rectification, where ...
Spontaneous Spike Activity of Spinoreticular Tract Neurons During
... range: 20-230) stimulus intensities. The mean conduction velocities were estimated at 86.8 m/s±15.5 (range: 60.2-120m/s). Each neuron displayed constant latency antidromic spikes with no jitter, faithfully followed short high frequency (500Hz) stimulus trains and demonstrated collision between antid ...
... range: 20-230) stimulus intensities. The mean conduction velocities were estimated at 86.8 m/s±15.5 (range: 60.2-120m/s). Each neuron displayed constant latency antidromic spikes with no jitter, faithfully followed short high frequency (500Hz) stimulus trains and demonstrated collision between antid ...
Rhythmic Spontaneous Activity in the Piriform Cortex
... Figure 2. Characteristics of the spontaneous rhythmic activity in the piriform network. (A) Autocorrelogram and mean frequency (horizontal line) of multiunit activity in layer III. The inset shows how duration was measured at the point where the mean frequency line crossed the central peak. The 2 d ...
... Figure 2. Characteristics of the spontaneous rhythmic activity in the piriform network. (A) Autocorrelogram and mean frequency (horizontal line) of multiunit activity in layer III. The inset shows how duration was measured at the point where the mean frequency line crossed the central peak. The 2 d ...
Diversity and wiring variability of visual local neurons in the
... types of neuron, having branches that are extensive yet limited to the region (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Morante and Desplan, 2008; Raghu and Borst, 2011; Raghu et al., 2011, 2013). Few of their arborizations display layer specificity (e.g., Dm1 and Dm6 in M1; Pm1 and Pm2 in M9), leaving open th ...
... types of neuron, having branches that are extensive yet limited to the region (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Morante and Desplan, 2008; Raghu and Borst, 2011; Raghu et al., 2011, 2013). Few of their arborizations display layer specificity (e.g., Dm1 and Dm6 in M1; Pm1 and Pm2 in M9), leaving open th ...
A Curious Commentary on a Book on Mirror Neurons and Other
... from apraxia to ALS to cerebral palsy), one fails to find the effects one expects given how fundamental the system is proposed to be for action understanding. RS may still want to argue that the system is so pervasive—on par with EPSPs!—that there is no way to put the theory to a strong test. As Riz ...
... from apraxia to ALS to cerebral palsy), one fails to find the effects one expects given how fundamental the system is proposed to be for action understanding. RS may still want to argue that the system is so pervasive—on par with EPSPs!—that there is no way to put the theory to a strong test. As Riz ...
The LIM and POU homeobox genes ttx-3 and unc
... 2010). However, few neuronal transcription factors are expressed exclusively in only one specific neuronal cell type (Gray et al., 2004; Lein et al., 2007). For example, in addition to being expressed in midbrain dopaminergic neurons, Nurr1 is expressed in other nondopaminergic neuronal cell types i ...
... 2010). However, few neuronal transcription factors are expressed exclusively in only one specific neuronal cell type (Gray et al., 2004; Lein et al., 2007). For example, in addition to being expressed in midbrain dopaminergic neurons, Nurr1 is expressed in other nondopaminergic neuronal cell types i ...
Pontine Gustatory Activity Is Altered by Electrical Stimulation in the
... citric acid– best neurons, the magnitude of inhibition produced by CeA activation increased with an increase in stimulus effectiveness. The responses to citric acid were inhibited significantly more than the responses to all other stimuli with the exception of NaCl mixed with amiloride. The overall ...
... citric acid– best neurons, the magnitude of inhibition produced by CeA activation increased with an increase in stimulus effectiveness. The responses to citric acid were inhibited significantly more than the responses to all other stimuli with the exception of NaCl mixed with amiloride. The overall ...
Shootin1 - The Journal of Cell Biology
... cytoskeleton are important, as actin filament instability (Bradke and Dotti, 1999) and tubulin assembly by collapsin response mediator protein-2 (Inagaki et al., 2001; Arimura and Kaibuchi, 2005) are reported to initiate axon formation. Recent work has shown that spatially localized intracellular si ...
... cytoskeleton are important, as actin filament instability (Bradke and Dotti, 1999) and tubulin assembly by collapsin response mediator protein-2 (Inagaki et al., 2001; Arimura and Kaibuchi, 2005) are reported to initiate axon formation. Recent work has shown that spatially localized intracellular si ...
Tau pathology does not affect experience-driven single
... the severity of cognitive symptoms and mouse models of tauopathy are behaviorally impaired. However, there is little evidence that NFTs directly impact physiological properties of host neurons. Here we used a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy to study how advanced tau pathology in different brain ...
... the severity of cognitive symptoms and mouse models of tauopathy are behaviorally impaired. However, there is little evidence that NFTs directly impact physiological properties of host neurons. Here we used a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy to study how advanced tau pathology in different brain ...
Effect of Adrenalectomy on Miniature Inhibitory Postsynaptic
... Verkuyl, J. M. and M. Joëls. Effect of adrenalectomy on miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. J Neurophysiol 89: 237–245, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00401.2002. Within the rat paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus two types of neurons have been d ...
... Verkuyl, J. M. and M. Joëls. Effect of adrenalectomy on miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. J Neurophysiol 89: 237–245, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00401.2002. Within the rat paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus two types of neurons have been d ...
neural circuitry approaches to understanding the pathophysiology
... with schizophrenia, although the magnitude of the decrease and its consistency across studies has not been uniform (25). Similarly, functional imaging studies have shown alterations in the activation of some of these brain areas under different conditions, especially when subjects are performing tas ...
... with schizophrenia, although the magnitude of the decrease and its consistency across studies has not been uniform (25). Similarly, functional imaging studies have shown alterations in the activation of some of these brain areas under different conditions, especially when subjects are performing tas ...
Astrocytes - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... mediate the coordinated action of adjacent but individual cells in terms of electrical and biochemical activity (13), and equalizes their intracellular ion concentrations (14). Gap junction permeability is strongly reduced by intracellular acidification or large increases in intracellular [Ca2Ⳮ]. Th ...
... mediate the coordinated action of adjacent but individual cells in terms of electrical and biochemical activity (13), and equalizes their intracellular ion concentrations (14). Gap junction permeability is strongly reduced by intracellular acidification or large increases in intracellular [Ca2Ⳮ]. Th ...
Mirror neuron functioning: an explanation for
... concluded that the imitation task accounted for larger signal intensity than the non-imitative groups in the left inferior frontal cortex and the right superior parietal lobule. So, watching a finger movement and then imitating accounted for a greater increase than making a finger movement without w ...
... concluded that the imitation task accounted for larger signal intensity than the non-imitative groups in the left inferior frontal cortex and the right superior parietal lobule. So, watching a finger movement and then imitating accounted for a greater increase than making a finger movement without w ...
Musings on the Wanderer: What`s New in Our Understanding of
... lack of one or more requisite trophic factors from the target organ. In fact, a recent study demonstrated that the degeneration of DMNV neurons after vagal injury was significantly reduced by a bolus administration of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF)-1 or acidic FGF to the vagus nerve trunk immediat ...
... lack of one or more requisite trophic factors from the target organ. In fact, a recent study demonstrated that the degeneration of DMNV neurons after vagal injury was significantly reduced by a bolus administration of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF)-1 or acidic FGF to the vagus nerve trunk immediat ...
In VivoCalcium Imaging Reveals Functional Rewiring of Single
... Functional mapping and microstimulation studies suggest that recovery after stroke damage can be attributed to surviving brain regions taking on the functional roles of lost tissues. Although this model is well supported by data, it is not clear how activity in single neurons is altered in relation ...
... Functional mapping and microstimulation studies suggest that recovery after stroke damage can be attributed to surviving brain regions taking on the functional roles of lost tissues. Although this model is well supported by data, it is not clear how activity in single neurons is altered in relation ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.