Role of Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress - Diabetes
... includes microangiopathy, axonal degeneration, segmental demyelination, and ultimately loss of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers (1,2). It has been proposed that high glucose concentrations induce toxicity and cell death in sensory neurons, and this triggers diabetic neuropathy through loss of ...
... includes microangiopathy, axonal degeneration, segmental demyelination, and ultimately loss of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers (1,2). It has been proposed that high glucose concentrations induce toxicity and cell death in sensory neurons, and this triggers diabetic neuropathy through loss of ...
The Time Course and Amplitude of EPSPs Evoked at Synapses
... synapses cannot be obtained from this technique, nor can details of convergence of CA3 pyramidal neurons onto single CA1 neurons or of divergence of CA3 neurons into the CA1 field. A knowledge of the amplitudes and time courses of EPSPs evoked at connections formed between single CA3 and CA1 neurons ...
... synapses cannot be obtained from this technique, nor can details of convergence of CA3 pyramidal neurons onto single CA1 neurons or of divergence of CA3 neurons into the CA1 field. A knowledge of the amplitudes and time courses of EPSPs evoked at connections formed between single CA3 and CA1 neurons ...
Presentazione standard di PowerPoint
... We used an optogenetic mouse model in which 470-nm light delivered near the brain surface stimulates the excitatory opsin channelrhodopsin expressed by cortical layer V projection neurons. Results: Optogenetic stimulation of cortical layer V projection neurons resulted in robust proliferation of ...
... We used an optogenetic mouse model in which 470-nm light delivered near the brain surface stimulates the excitatory opsin channelrhodopsin expressed by cortical layer V projection neurons. Results: Optogenetic stimulation of cortical layer V projection neurons resulted in robust proliferation of ...
J. Neurophysiol. - Nonlinear Dynamics Group
... the firing activity of specific populations of neurons to animal behaviors, defining sites with neuronal activity in particular behavioral contexts as the functional areas corresponding to those behaviors. Although such observations are interesting in themselves, these studies do not necessarily exa ...
... the firing activity of specific populations of neurons to animal behaviors, defining sites with neuronal activity in particular behavioral contexts as the functional areas corresponding to those behaviors. Although such observations are interesting in themselves, these studies do not necessarily exa ...
Summary of Results and Discussion
... Previous studies by Josephson and Meier reported no alterations of Nogo-A expression at 24 hours after KA injection, and no alterations or strong upregulation after 7-5 days (Table 1.1; Josephson et al., 2001; Meier et al., 2003). The doses used in the three studies were similar (10 mg/kg Josephson ...
... Previous studies by Josephson and Meier reported no alterations of Nogo-A expression at 24 hours after KA injection, and no alterations or strong upregulation after 7-5 days (Table 1.1; Josephson et al., 2001; Meier et al., 2003). The doses used in the three studies were similar (10 mg/kg Josephson ...
LESSON 5.2 WORKBOOK How do drugs alter synaptic transmis-
... Nicotine is extremely addictive; many people continue to smoke even when their health is seriously affected. Although tobacco companies and others with vested interests have tried to argue that smoking is a “habit” rather than an “addiction”, it is clear that people who regularly use tobacco behave ...
... Nicotine is extremely addictive; many people continue to smoke even when their health is seriously affected. Although tobacco companies and others with vested interests have tried to argue that smoking is a “habit” rather than an “addiction”, it is clear that people who regularly use tobacco behave ...
Glial heterogeneity: the increasing complexity of the brain
... Present-day research provides compelling evidence that a neuron-centered picture of the brain is way too simplistic, indicating that each class of glial cells is much more diverse than commonly thought. Glial cells appear to have distinct physiological properties in different brain regions, at diffe ...
... Present-day research provides compelling evidence that a neuron-centered picture of the brain is way too simplistic, indicating that each class of glial cells is much more diverse than commonly thought. Glial cells appear to have distinct physiological properties in different brain regions, at diffe ...
Full-Text PDF
... stimulation can offer access to selectivity that is otherwise unobtainable with classic methods. There is a well-defined strength–duration (SD) stimulus space that describes the changing probability of a neuron to fire an action potential in response to a variable stimulus current and pulse width [1 ...
... stimulation can offer access to selectivity that is otherwise unobtainable with classic methods. There is a well-defined strength–duration (SD) stimulus space that describes the changing probability of a neuron to fire an action potential in response to a variable stimulus current and pulse width [1 ...
31 Relating the Activity of Sensory Neurons to Perception
... odor, or the pitch of a musical note. But the subjective experience of seeing your puppy sprint by you, smelling your mother’s homemade chocolate chip cookies, or hearing the crescendo in a Beethoven symphony is not something that is readily accessible to experimentalists. In everyday life, we try t ...
... odor, or the pitch of a musical note. But the subjective experience of seeing your puppy sprint by you, smelling your mother’s homemade chocolate chip cookies, or hearing the crescendo in a Beethoven symphony is not something that is readily accessible to experimentalists. In everyday life, we try t ...
Webb et al 2002 - User Web Areas at the University of York
... cortico-geniculate feedback. The maximum firing rate of LGN neurons was greater with V1 intact, but was reduced by visually stimulating beyond the classical receptive field. Large horizontal or vertical annular gratings were most effective in reducing the maximum firing rate of LGN neurons. Magnocel ...
... cortico-geniculate feedback. The maximum firing rate of LGN neurons was greater with V1 intact, but was reduced by visually stimulating beyond the classical receptive field. Large horizontal or vertical annular gratings were most effective in reducing the maximum firing rate of LGN neurons. Magnocel ...
Embodied Cognition and Mirror Neurons
... Although there are many flavors and varieties of embodied cognition theories, the vast majority of them agree on at least two claims (e.g., Barsalou 2008, Gallese & Lakoff 2005). First, they all converge on the claim that semantic knowledge is carried by sensorimotor representations: The neural syste ...
... Although there are many flavors and varieties of embodied cognition theories, the vast majority of them agree on at least two claims (e.g., Barsalou 2008, Gallese & Lakoff 2005). First, they all converge on the claim that semantic knowledge is carried by sensorimotor representations: The neural syste ...
Signals Conveyed in the Pulvinar Pathway from Superior Colliculus
... inhibitory surrounds, and relatively large receptive fields that increased with eccentricity, as well as minimal presaccadic activity. Beyond these basic properties, there were two salient results regarding the modulatory and motion signals conveyed by this ascending pathway. First, the PI neurons a ...
... inhibitory surrounds, and relatively large receptive fields that increased with eccentricity, as well as minimal presaccadic activity. Beyond these basic properties, there were two salient results regarding the modulatory and motion signals conveyed by this ascending pathway. First, the PI neurons a ...
Chronic multiunit recordings in behaving animals: advantages and
... gradually, on a time scale of multiple milliseconds. One can measure this low frequency input signal by measuring the local-field potential (LFP) with electrodes inside the cortex or with EEG-electrodes on the scalp. If the synaptic inputs are sufficiently large, action potentials will be generated. ...
... gradually, on a time scale of multiple milliseconds. One can measure this low frequency input signal by measuring the local-field potential (LFP) with electrodes inside the cortex or with EEG-electrodes on the scalp. If the synaptic inputs are sufficiently large, action potentials will be generated. ...
A tale of two stories: astrocyte regulation of
... Activity-dependent modification of synaptic transmission critically moulds the properties of synaptic information transfer with important implications for computation performed by neuronal circuitry [1-4]. Multiple mechanisms could coexist in the same synapse, regulating the strength or the efficacy ...
... Activity-dependent modification of synaptic transmission critically moulds the properties of synaptic information transfer with important implications for computation performed by neuronal circuitry [1-4]. Multiple mechanisms could coexist in the same synapse, regulating the strength or the efficacy ...
electrophysiological studies of rat substantia nigra neurons in an in
... was also induced by injecting hyperpolarizing current pulses (Fig. 2E). Fig. 2 also shows that strong rebound responses underlain by the low-threshold Ca spike were generated in the SNR neurons at the termination of hyperpolarizing current pulses. Compared with the control group, the mean input resi ...
... was also induced by injecting hyperpolarizing current pulses (Fig. 2E). Fig. 2 also shows that strong rebound responses underlain by the low-threshold Ca spike were generated in the SNR neurons at the termination of hyperpolarizing current pulses. Compared with the control group, the mean input resi ...
Olfaction in Invertebrates: Manduca. In: Squire LR (ed). Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, vol 7, pp 49-57. Oxford: Academic Press.
... Two main issues were addressed with the imaging technique: first, whether odor representation is conserved within the species, and second, whether the activity pattern elicited by an odor is sufficient to predict the odor stimulus. The combinatorial pattern of glomerular activity is indeed highly co ...
... Two main issues were addressed with the imaging technique: first, whether odor representation is conserved within the species, and second, whether the activity pattern elicited by an odor is sufficient to predict the odor stimulus. The combinatorial pattern of glomerular activity is indeed highly co ...
A Monosynaptic GABAergic Input from the Inferior Colliculus to the
... inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in morphologically identified thalamocortical relay neurons. The inhibitory potentials cannot ...
... inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in morphologically identified thalamocortical relay neurons. The inhibitory potentials cannot ...
D2 receptor overexpression in the striatum leads to a deficit in
... striatal D2R-OE mice, we tested the effects of the D1/D5 agonist SKF-81297 on the evoked IPSC and EPSC trains in both transgenic and control mice. SKF-81297 is a highly D1-selective agonist, which has a Ki for the D1 receptor of ∼2 nM but has a Ki for the D2R of ∼1,000 nM (24). We and others recentl ...
... striatal D2R-OE mice, we tested the effects of the D1/D5 agonist SKF-81297 on the evoked IPSC and EPSC trains in both transgenic and control mice. SKF-81297 is a highly D1-selective agonist, which has a Ki for the D1 receptor of ∼2 nM but has a Ki for the D2R of ∼1,000 nM (24). We and others recentl ...
Amygdala-Prefrontal Synchronization Underlies Resistance to
... two-way ANOVA). In both the amygdala and the dACC, responsive cells were homogeneously distributed within our recording borders (Figure S2C, p > 0.2 for all, bootstrap analysis), suggesting that they represent an activity pattern common in wide parts of these two structures. In addition, there was n ...
... two-way ANOVA). In both the amygdala and the dACC, responsive cells were homogeneously distributed within our recording borders (Figure S2C, p > 0.2 for all, bootstrap analysis), suggesting that they represent an activity pattern common in wide parts of these two structures. In addition, there was n ...
extrasynaptic glutamate does not reach the postsynaptic density
... density (PSD) and activates only extrasynaptic receptors, modulating the excitability of the neurons. The inhibition of excitability of the CA1 neurons by Glu can be related at least partially to the activation of metabotropic (mGlu) receptors. According to Garaschuk et al. [20], ACPD, selective ago ...
... density (PSD) and activates only extrasynaptic receptors, modulating the excitability of the neurons. The inhibition of excitability of the CA1 neurons by Glu can be related at least partially to the activation of metabotropic (mGlu) receptors. According to Garaschuk et al. [20], ACPD, selective ago ...
Modulation of Responses of Feline Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract
... according to whether any action potential was induced by the second stimulus. Because the EPSP after the second stimulus was superimposed on that after the first stimulus, the presence of an action potential after the second stimulus indicated that the first stimulus was close to threshold. In addit ...
... according to whether any action potential was induced by the second stimulus. Because the EPSP after the second stimulus was superimposed on that after the first stimulus, the presence of an action potential after the second stimulus indicated that the first stimulus was close to threshold. In addit ...
Short title: Thalamocortical computations during tactile sensation
... Depts. of Physiology and Cell Biology and Physics and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of ...
... Depts. of Physiology and Cell Biology and Physics and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of ...
HB-GAM (pleiotrophin) reverses inhibition of neural
... HB-GAM/pleiotrophin was initially isolated as a heparin-binding neurite outgrowth-promoting factor for central neurons8,9. Its expression peaks during the first 3–4 weeks of postnatal development in rat brain10 corresponding to heightened plasticity of the juvenile brain11. The expression level at t ...
... HB-GAM/pleiotrophin was initially isolated as a heparin-binding neurite outgrowth-promoting factor for central neurons8,9. Its expression peaks during the first 3–4 weeks of postnatal development in rat brain10 corresponding to heightened plasticity of the juvenile brain11. The expression level at t ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.