Relative Contributions of Specific Activity Histories and
... side" of synaptic plasticity: that is, the implicit supposition that synapses, when not driven to change their characteristics, will retain these over time. This assumption would seem to be an essential complement of the synaptic plasticity concept; without it, spontaneous changes occurring independ ...
... side" of synaptic plasticity: that is, the implicit supposition that synapses, when not driven to change their characteristics, will retain these over time. This assumption would seem to be an essential complement of the synaptic plasticity concept; without it, spontaneous changes occurring independ ...
Physiol. Res. 49: 000
... elicited at the axonal initial segment to the spike pattern read at postsynaptic structures. Finding the causes affecting this reliability is important for determining the extent to which axons support temporal coding. One of the most significant axonal properties affecting the interspike interval i ...
... elicited at the axonal initial segment to the spike pattern read at postsynaptic structures. Finding the causes affecting this reliability is important for determining the extent to which axons support temporal coding. One of the most significant axonal properties affecting the interspike interval i ...
Columnar Organization of Dendrites and Axons of Single and
... until dendrites and axonal arbors were clearly visible (after approximately 2–5 min). Slices were mounted on glass slides, embedded in Moviol (Hoechst AG, Frankf urt AM, Germany), and coverslipped. Individual selected spiny stellate (n ⫽ 2) and star pyramidal neurons (n ⫽ 1) were processed for elect ...
... until dendrites and axonal arbors were clearly visible (after approximately 2–5 min). Slices were mounted on glass slides, embedded in Moviol (Hoechst AG, Frankf urt AM, Germany), and coverslipped. Individual selected spiny stellate (n ⫽ 2) and star pyramidal neurons (n ⫽ 1) were processed for elect ...
Stochastic dynamics as a principle of brain function
... spiking noise. We show that the spiking noise is a significant contribution to the outcome that is reached, in that this noise is a factor in a network with a finite (i.e., limited) number of neurons. The spiking noise can be described as introducing statistical fluctuations into the finite-size system. ...
... spiking noise. We show that the spiking noise is a significant contribution to the outcome that is reached, in that this noise is a factor in a network with a finite (i.e., limited) number of neurons. The spiking noise can be described as introducing statistical fluctuations into the finite-size system. ...
Brain Oscillations Control Timing of Single
... 5Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel-Aviv Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel ...
... 5Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel-Aviv Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel ...
high-speed in vivo calcium imaging reveals neuronal network
... at 167 Hz. Similar hyperbolic relationships between sampling rate and cell number hold for RAPS patterns with different numbers of points (Fig. 2d). Reliable spike detection with near-millisecond precision To directly examine whether single action potentials (1APs) can be detected and how precisely ...
... at 167 Hz. Similar hyperbolic relationships between sampling rate and cell number hold for RAPS patterns with different numbers of points (Fig. 2d). Reliable spike detection with near-millisecond precision To directly examine whether single action potentials (1APs) can be detected and how precisely ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... pondence. Projections of the lateral geniculate body to the occipital cortex were also shown by Clark (I932) and Waller (I934). Recent electrophysiological studies of the visual system of the rat have demonstrated that the primary visual area has a distinct and precisely arranged retinotopic organiz ...
... pondence. Projections of the lateral geniculate body to the occipital cortex were also shown by Clark (I932) and Waller (I934). Recent electrophysiological studies of the visual system of the rat have demonstrated that the primary visual area has a distinct and precisely arranged retinotopic organiz ...
PDF-document - homepage.ruhr-uni
... attenuated and reappeared with the second push phase at the peripheral target. The activity was attenuated again in the third arm movement phase back to the start position, and low spontaneous or no activity prevailed until the first push phase of the next trial. The time course of somatosensory-mot ...
... attenuated and reappeared with the second push phase at the peripheral target. The activity was attenuated again in the third arm movement phase back to the start position, and low spontaneous or no activity prevailed until the first push phase of the next trial. The time course of somatosensory-mot ...
the axon hillock and the initial segment
... ficial examination the plasmalemma seems to be reduplicated or thickened. But the undercoating is not really a part of the limiting membrane; instead, it is a thin layer of powdery densities, about 100 A thick, separated from the surface membrane by a clear interval of about 30 A (Figs. 3 and 5). As ...
... ficial examination the plasmalemma seems to be reduplicated or thickened. But the undercoating is not really a part of the limiting membrane; instead, it is a thin layer of powdery densities, about 100 A thick, separated from the surface membrane by a clear interval of about 30 A (Figs. 3 and 5). As ...
Attractor concretion as a mechanism for the formation of context
... the AN to the wait state. The AN encodes the CS–US associations by making CS triggered transitions to the state that represents the value of the predicted US. The CS–US associations are learned by biasing the competition between the positive and the negative state. In particular, the competition bia ...
... the AN to the wait state. The AN encodes the CS–US associations by making CS triggered transitions to the state that represents the value of the predicted US. The CS–US associations are learned by biasing the competition between the positive and the negative state. In particular, the competition bia ...
resting membrane potential
... Increased membrane permeability to Cl– decreases excitability • Increasing the membrane permeability to chloride has two effects, and both decrease ...
... Increased membrane permeability to Cl– decreases excitability • Increasing the membrane permeability to chloride has two effects, and both decrease ...
9 Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential
... NERVE CELLS ARE ABLE TO carry signals over long distances because of their ability to generate an action potential—a regenerative electrical signal whose amplitude does not attenuate as it moves down the axon. In Chapter 7 we saw how an action potential arises from sequential changes in the membrane ...
... NERVE CELLS ARE ABLE TO carry signals over long distances because of their ability to generate an action potential—a regenerative electrical signal whose amplitude does not attenuate as it moves down the axon. In Chapter 7 we saw how an action potential arises from sequential changes in the membrane ...
Extended PDF
... size decreased progressively as development proceeded (Figure 1E), which is consistent with an overall reduction in the proliferative and neurogenic potential of progenitors over time. We occasionally observed G2-X clones containing only green or red neurons (Figure S3A), likely due to the apoptosis ...
... size decreased progressively as development proceeded (Figure 1E), which is consistent with an overall reduction in the proliferative and neurogenic potential of progenitors over time. We occasionally observed G2-X clones containing only green or red neurons (Figure S3A), likely due to the apoptosis ...
Habituation, sensitization and Pavlovian conditioning
... that had previously been associated with the same US. Blocking had a major bearing on the development of the contingency theory of associative learning [4], which has been a major breakthrough that diverted the focus of learning research from physical properties (e.g., intensity and temporal coincid ...
... that had previously been associated with the same US. Blocking had a major bearing on the development of the contingency theory of associative learning [4], which has been a major breakthrough that diverted the focus of learning research from physical properties (e.g., intensity and temporal coincid ...
Microstructure of the neocortex: Comparative aspects
... the evolution of the vertebrate brain. One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is what is special about the neocortex of humans and how does it differ from that of other species? It is clear that distinct cortical areas show important differences within both the same and different species, ...
... the evolution of the vertebrate brain. One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is what is special about the neocortex of humans and how does it differ from that of other species? It is clear that distinct cortical areas show important differences within both the same and different species, ...
mGluR-dependent persistent firing in entorhinal cortex layer III neurons SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS Motoharu Yoshida,
... Persistent firing is believed to be a crucial mechanism for memory function including working memory. Recent in vivo and in vitro findings suggest an involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in persistent firing. Using whole-cell patch-recording techniques in a rat entorhinal cortex ...
... Persistent firing is believed to be a crucial mechanism for memory function including working memory. Recent in vivo and in vitro findings suggest an involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in persistent firing. Using whole-cell patch-recording techniques in a rat entorhinal cortex ...
The effect of learning on the face selective responses of neurons in
... neuron were stable. One iteration consisted of a set of trials on each one of which one of the stimuli from the set was shown. The order of presentation of the stimuli was re-randomized for each iteration. Then the standard set of images was replaced with a set of 4-9 novel face images. (None of the ...
... neuron were stable. One iteration consisted of a set of trials on each one of which one of the stimuli from the set was shown. The order of presentation of the stimuli was re-randomized for each iteration. Then the standard set of images was replaced with a set of 4-9 novel face images. (None of the ...
Lemniscal recurrent and transcortical influences on
... The study is based on a total of 178 cells spontaneously active with resting membrane potentials from −45 to −75 mV and that could be maintained in good conditions during the different experimental tests performed. A total of 109 of these cells was antidromically identified as CL neurons, while the ...
... The study is based on a total of 178 cells spontaneously active with resting membrane potentials from −45 to −75 mV and that could be maintained in good conditions during the different experimental tests performed. A total of 109 of these cells was antidromically identified as CL neurons, while the ...
Sample Chapter 8 from the Textbook
... or effector organs. There are three parts to a neuron: a cell body and two types of processes, called dendrites and axons. Each neuron cell body contains a single nucleus. As with any other cell, the nucleus of the neuron is the source of information for gene expression. Extensive rough endoplasmic ...
... or effector organs. There are three parts to a neuron: a cell body and two types of processes, called dendrites and axons. Each neuron cell body contains a single nucleus. As with any other cell, the nucleus of the neuron is the source of information for gene expression. Extensive rough endoplasmic ...
The Octopus: A Model for a Comparative Analysis of the Evolution of
... The development of sophisticated motor, sensory, and cognitive capabilities, such as excellent vision (for review see Budelmann, 1996; Muntz et al., 1999; Williamson and Chrachri, 2004), highly efficient flexible arms (Yekutieli et al., 2002; Flash and Hochner, 2005), and the ability to learn rapidl ...
... The development of sophisticated motor, sensory, and cognitive capabilities, such as excellent vision (for review see Budelmann, 1996; Muntz et al., 1999; Williamson and Chrachri, 2004), highly efficient flexible arms (Yekutieli et al., 2002; Flash and Hochner, 2005), and the ability to learn rapidl ...
The Roles of Dopamine - ETH E
... nature of neuromodulation of inhibitory transmission is still debated, it appears that in both the cortex and the striatum, D1 receptor activation selectively enhances NMDA but not AMPA synaptic transmission. Because of their voltage dependence, NMDA currents are smaller at rest than in a depolarize ...
... nature of neuromodulation of inhibitory transmission is still debated, it appears that in both the cortex and the striatum, D1 receptor activation selectively enhances NMDA but not AMPA synaptic transmission. Because of their voltage dependence, NMDA currents are smaller at rest than in a depolarize ...
Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
... CTRNNs abstract away spikes but achieve complex dynamics with neuron-specific time constants, gains and biases. All weights evolve, but none are modified by learning. Invented by Randall Beer in early 1990’s and used in many evolved, ...
... CTRNNs abstract away spikes but achieve complex dynamics with neuron-specific time constants, gains and biases. All weights evolve, but none are modified by learning. Invented by Randall Beer in early 1990’s and used in many evolved, ...
Answers to WHAT DID YOU LEARN questions
... pathways are: the spinal nerve pathway, the postganglionic sympathetic pathway, the splanchnic nerve pathway, and the adrenal medulla pathway. In the spinal nerve pathway, the preganglionic axon synapses in the sympathetic trunk, and the postganglionic axon leaves the trunk via a gray ramus communic ...
... pathways are: the spinal nerve pathway, the postganglionic sympathetic pathway, the splanchnic nerve pathway, and the adrenal medulla pathway. In the spinal nerve pathway, the preganglionic axon synapses in the sympathetic trunk, and the postganglionic axon leaves the trunk via a gray ramus communic ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.