the phase-space dynamics of systems of spiking neurons
... as the central organ of thought. Aristotle (384-323 BC) laid what is now regarded as the foundations of comparative anatomy. He also conjectured that the mind and the body were merely two aspects of the same entity, the mind being one of the body’s functions. His views were further developed by Gale ...
... as the central organ of thought. Aristotle (384-323 BC) laid what is now regarded as the foundations of comparative anatomy. He also conjectured that the mind and the body were merely two aspects of the same entity, the mind being one of the body’s functions. His views were further developed by Gale ...
IBRO 2008
... We find that silencing the entire neuronal network for 2 days, by blocking Na+-dependent action potentials with TTX or by blocking glutamatergic synaptic transmission with CNQX/APV, results in an increase in the levels of presynaptic vesicle proteins, such as VAMP2 and vGlut, measured with immunoflu ...
... We find that silencing the entire neuronal network for 2 days, by blocking Na+-dependent action potentials with TTX or by blocking glutamatergic synaptic transmission with CNQX/APV, results in an increase in the levels of presynaptic vesicle proteins, such as VAMP2 and vGlut, measured with immunoflu ...
computational and in vitro studies of persistent activity
... virtue of the dense reciprocal synaptic connections existent in most brain areas, notably in the frontal lobes (Goldman-Rakic, 1995). The activity would then be self-maintained for a much longer time than any of the intrinsic or synaptic time constants. As simple as this idea is, it hides an importa ...
... virtue of the dense reciprocal synaptic connections existent in most brain areas, notably in the frontal lobes (Goldman-Rakic, 1995). The activity would then be self-maintained for a much longer time than any of the intrinsic or synaptic time constants. As simple as this idea is, it hides an importa ...
Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex
... In contrast, expert mice protracted their whiskers through a large angle to search for the pole soon after it became available (within approximately 350 ms) (auditory cue, Fig. 1d, e)27. The repeatability of whisking across trials (Pearson’s correlation coefficient; r 5 0.57, P , 0.001) (Supplementa ...
... In contrast, expert mice protracted their whiskers through a large angle to search for the pole soon after it became available (within approximately 350 ms) (auditory cue, Fig. 1d, e)27. The repeatability of whisking across trials (Pearson’s correlation coefficient; r 5 0.57, P , 0.001) (Supplementa ...
Sample
... Rationale: Astrocytes form scar tissue in brain that acts to impede the regrowth of nerve cells. 2.1-37. Myelination of brain nerve axon membranes is accomplished by a. oligodendrocytes. b. microglia. c. astrocytes. d. neurocytes. e. Schwann cells. Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 2.1-37 Page Ref: 37 Topi ...
... Rationale: Astrocytes form scar tissue in brain that acts to impede the regrowth of nerve cells. 2.1-37. Myelination of brain nerve axon membranes is accomplished by a. oligodendrocytes. b. microglia. c. astrocytes. d. neurocytes. e. Schwann cells. Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 2.1-37 Page Ref: 37 Topi ...
button - TestbankEbook
... Rationale: Astrocytes form scar tissue in brain that acts to impede the regrowth of nerve cells. 2.1-37. Myelination of brain nerve axon membranes is accomplished by a. oligodendrocytes. b. microglia. c. astrocytes. d. neurocytes. e. Schwann cells. Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 2.1-37 Page Ref: 37 Topi ...
... Rationale: Astrocytes form scar tissue in brain that acts to impede the regrowth of nerve cells. 2.1-37. Myelination of brain nerve axon membranes is accomplished by a. oligodendrocytes. b. microglia. c. astrocytes. d. neurocytes. e. Schwann cells. Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 2.1-37 Page Ref: 37 Topi ...
Endocrine and nervous systems
... The tips of fingers are sensitive enough to discriminate raised points on a surface, as well as the locations of these points. Knowing this, in the 19th century Louis Braille invented the Braille system of reading for the blind. Each letter of a language alphabet is represented by up to six raised d ...
... The tips of fingers are sensitive enough to discriminate raised points on a surface, as well as the locations of these points. Knowing this, in the 19th century Louis Braille invented the Braille system of reading for the blind. Each letter of a language alphabet is represented by up to six raised d ...
Autonomic Nervous System I and II
... through the sympathetic trunk ganglion to end at a prevertebral ganglion and synapse with postganglionic neurons there or An axon may pass through the sympathetic trunk ganglion and a prevertebral ganglion and then to the adrenal medulla. ...
... through the sympathetic trunk ganglion to end at a prevertebral ganglion and synapse with postganglionic neurons there or An axon may pass through the sympathetic trunk ganglion and a prevertebral ganglion and then to the adrenal medulla. ...
The neuronal structure of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the
... the dendrites of relay cells in the cat GLN. It is generally considered that interneurons (Golgi type II nerve cells) play an important role in inhibitory processes [1,17,21,26]. The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary thalamic relay, through which retinal signals pass to the cortex. Retinal a ...
... the dendrites of relay cells in the cat GLN. It is generally considered that interneurons (Golgi type II nerve cells) play an important role in inhibitory processes [1,17,21,26]. The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary thalamic relay, through which retinal signals pass to the cortex. Retinal a ...
Pontine respiratory activity involved in inspiratory/expiratory phase
... (Cohen & Shaw 2004). However, the pontine input to late-I neurons was suppressed by BHR feedback. Thus, it was suggested that ponto-medullary interaction may become important only under conditions with weak drive from PSR inputs (Cohen & Shaw 2004). A series of recent studies on pontine respiratory ...
... (Cohen & Shaw 2004). However, the pontine input to late-I neurons was suppressed by BHR feedback. Thus, it was suggested that ponto-medullary interaction may become important only under conditions with weak drive from PSR inputs (Cohen & Shaw 2004). A series of recent studies on pontine respiratory ...
Cortico–basal ganglia circuit mechanism for a decision threshold in
... corresponding SCe response are plotted with the same color. Note that a larger input above the threshold shortens the response latency but does not alter the shape of the stereotypical burst. (b) The SCe neuronal response (peak spiking rate) is a step function of the input amplitude, indicating a sh ...
... corresponding SCe response are plotted with the same color. Note that a larger input above the threshold shortens the response latency but does not alter the shape of the stereotypical burst. (b) The SCe neuronal response (peak spiking rate) is a step function of the input amplitude, indicating a sh ...
Interspike Intervals, Receptive Fields, and Information Encoding in
... macaque monkeys to multiple repeats of pseudorandom (msequence) stimuli. These stimuli contain a wide variety of spatial and temporal patterns, none of which dominates the stimulus but some of which are typically effective stimuli for these neurons. The stimuli are therefore well suited to probe a n ...
... macaque monkeys to multiple repeats of pseudorandom (msequence) stimuli. These stimuli contain a wide variety of spatial and temporal patterns, none of which dominates the stimulus but some of which are typically effective stimuli for these neurons. The stimuli are therefore well suited to probe a n ...
FREE Sample Here
... 30) Briefly describe the events that occur during the depolarizing phase of an action potential. Answer: ...
... 30) Briefly describe the events that occur during the depolarizing phase of an action potential. Answer: ...
Axonal morphometry of hippocampal pyramidal neurons semi
... 1986; Csicsvari et al. 2003). The structure and connectivity of CA3 pyramidal neurons vary substantially with their transverse and longitudinal locations (Witter 2007). Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic mechanisms of hippocampal learning will likely require a quantitative map of the ...
... 1986; Csicsvari et al. 2003). The structure and connectivity of CA3 pyramidal neurons vary substantially with their transverse and longitudinal locations (Witter 2007). Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic mechanisms of hippocampal learning will likely require a quantitative map of the ...
Viewpoint - Columbia University
... is motivated by a remarkable and puzzling correlation between single-neuron dynamics in LIP and shifts in spatial attention found recently by two of the authors (Bisley and Goldberg, 2003, 2006). We arrive at a circuit explanation of this puzzle that not only suggests a more general answer to the qu ...
... is motivated by a remarkable and puzzling correlation between single-neuron dynamics in LIP and shifts in spatial attention found recently by two of the authors (Bisley and Goldberg, 2003, 2006). We arrive at a circuit explanation of this puzzle that not only suggests a more general answer to the qu ...
Neuronal correlates of decision
... several seconds)12. These neurons of the PFC thus form a candidate neural substrate for the short-term memory trace of f1 required in the task. In an area linked to the eventual motor output, we have also found that neurons in the medial premotor cortex (MPC) encode f1 twice: during f1 presentation ...
... several seconds)12. These neurons of the PFC thus form a candidate neural substrate for the short-term memory trace of f1 required in the task. In an area linked to the eventual motor output, we have also found that neurons in the medial premotor cortex (MPC) encode f1 twice: during f1 presentation ...
Genetic Analysis of the Drosophila Ellipsoid Body
... disrupted in each case; for example, basic leg coordination of walking is normal, whereas speed, activity, and turning are affected (Strauss and Heisenberg, 1993; Strauss et al., 1992). In wild-type flies, it has been shown that walking and flight causes an increase in cc neuropil activity. Furtherm ...
... disrupted in each case; for example, basic leg coordination of walking is normal, whereas speed, activity, and turning are affected (Strauss and Heisenberg, 1993; Strauss et al., 1992). In wild-type flies, it has been shown that walking and flight causes an increase in cc neuropil activity. Furtherm ...
Layer-Specific Markers as Probes for Neuron Type Identity in
... chromosome 17p subtelomeric deletion (Miller-Dieker syndrome) and by at least four different single gene mutations (LIS1, DCX, RELN, and ARX) (4). Micrencephaly is linked to at least five genetic loci, in addition to several chromosomal syndromes (5). Likewise, periventricular heterotopia is linked ...
... chromosome 17p subtelomeric deletion (Miller-Dieker syndrome) and by at least four different single gene mutations (LIS1, DCX, RELN, and ARX) (4). Micrencephaly is linked to at least five genetic loci, in addition to several chromosomal syndromes (5). Likewise, periventricular heterotopia is linked ...
Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (March 20, 2003). 10.1152/jn
... neurons. We recognize that the si K+ current is likely to arise from at least two channel types, but for the sake of simplicity we have treated it as a single conductance. This combined outward current acts in opposition to inward ionic and synaptic currents to regulate membrane potential in the up/ ...
... neurons. We recognize that the si K+ current is likely to arise from at least two channel types, but for the sake of simplicity we have treated it as a single conductance. This combined outward current acts in opposition to inward ionic and synaptic currents to regulate membrane potential in the up/ ...
Document
... “Information” travels within the nervous system primarily in the form of propagated electrical signals known as action potentials. The most important information (e.g., vision, balance, movement), is carried by myelinated ...
... “Information” travels within the nervous system primarily in the form of propagated electrical signals known as action potentials. The most important information (e.g., vision, balance, movement), is carried by myelinated ...
Vestibular Signals of Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons during
... cepts have been developed, such as the reafference principle1 about how we move about and control and correct our own movements. Recent studies on vestibular nuclei neurons during passive and active head movements showed that vestibular signals were strongly influenced by self-generated movements as ...
... cepts have been developed, such as the reafference principle1 about how we move about and control and correct our own movements. Recent studies on vestibular nuclei neurons during passive and active head movements showed that vestibular signals were strongly influenced by self-generated movements as ...
Paper: Neural substrates for expectation
... INTRODUCTION • Fear conditioning may be instructed by UCS signals that are inhibited by expectation, rather than by a simple sensory representation of the UCS. • Responses of amygdala neurons to aversive (or appetitive) stimuli are modulated by expectation. • It is not clear whether this occurs dur ...
... INTRODUCTION • Fear conditioning may be instructed by UCS signals that are inhibited by expectation, rather than by a simple sensory representation of the UCS. • Responses of amygdala neurons to aversive (or appetitive) stimuli are modulated by expectation. • It is not clear whether this occurs dur ...
Modulation of Inhibitory Synaptic Potentials in the Piriform Cortex
... In these equations, W represents the average strength of excitatory synapses arising from cortical pyramidal cells and synapsing on other excitatory neurons. If neuronal output is in spikes/ms, then synaptic strength reflects the change in membrane voltage per spike (mV/ spike) because of the membra ...
... In these equations, W represents the average strength of excitatory synapses arising from cortical pyramidal cells and synapsing on other excitatory neurons. If neuronal output is in spikes/ms, then synaptic strength reflects the change in membrane voltage per spike (mV/ spike) because of the membra ...
Impairment of a parabolic bursting rhythm by the ectopic expression
... spike duration without affecting the bursting activity or intra-burst spike frequency [17]. A simulation study also showed that the transient outward current does not alter the character of the burst [2]. Thus, the specific inhibition of bursting activity by rSK2 overexpression is unlikely to be due ...
... spike duration without affecting the bursting activity or intra-burst spike frequency [17]. A simulation study also showed that the transient outward current does not alter the character of the burst [2]. Thus, the specific inhibition of bursting activity by rSK2 overexpression is unlikely to be due ...
An implantable electrode design for both chronic in vivo
... activity remotely, e.g. in free flight of locusts (Kutsch et al., 1993). Since the myogramm electrodes are inserted into muscle tissue, however, long-term use of this type of electrodes, once implanted is difficult. On the one hand, the electrodes are bound to cause tissue damage after repeated musc ...
... activity remotely, e.g. in free flight of locusts (Kutsch et al., 1993). Since the myogramm electrodes are inserted into muscle tissue, however, long-term use of this type of electrodes, once implanted is difficult. On the one hand, the electrodes are bound to cause tissue damage after repeated musc ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.