Chapter 15
... Preganglionic neurons may do 1 of 3 things: Enter the paravertebral ganglion at same level via white ramus communicans and synapse there. Enter paravertebral ganglion and either ascend or descend to another level to synapse at that level. Pass through the paravertebral ganglion via the white ramus c ...
... Preganglionic neurons may do 1 of 3 things: Enter the paravertebral ganglion at same level via white ramus communicans and synapse there. Enter paravertebral ganglion and either ascend or descend to another level to synapse at that level. Pass through the paravertebral ganglion via the white ramus c ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS
... memory for complex spatiotemporal trajectories (Fig. 1B). For example, the 8-arm radial maze task requires that rats visit 8 different arms without making an error by repeating an arm entry, and the number of arm re-entries is increased by fornix lesions [87,131]. The rat could avoid the error of re ...
... memory for complex spatiotemporal trajectories (Fig. 1B). For example, the 8-arm radial maze task requires that rats visit 8 different arms without making an error by repeating an arm entry, and the number of arm re-entries is increased by fornix lesions [87,131]. The rat could avoid the error of re ...
Neuroscience Information Framework Standard Ontologies
... into a hierarchy and – Precisely specifying how the classes are ‘related’ with each other (i.e., logical axioms) ...
... into a hierarchy and – Precisely specifying how the classes are ‘related’ with each other (i.e., logical axioms) ...
Corticostriatal neurons in auditory cortex drive decisions during
... structures of the basal ganglia, the striatum influences the activity in the motor thalamus8 as well as superior colliculus9, a structure that has been implicated in driving behavioural choices in two-alternative choice tasks10. Plasticity of corticostriatal connections may enable them to encode the ...
... structures of the basal ganglia, the striatum influences the activity in the motor thalamus8 as well as superior colliculus9, a structure that has been implicated in driving behavioural choices in two-alternative choice tasks10. Plasticity of corticostriatal connections may enable them to encode the ...
Volume and Number of Neurons of the Human
... Indexing terms: cortex; memory; stereology; neurobiology ...
... Indexing terms: cortex; memory; stereology; neurobiology ...
Basal Ganglia: Internal Organization
... and in this focal plane gives rise to four primary dendrites. The dendrites are initially spine free and then become densely laden with spines, usually after the first bifurcation. An individual MSN possesses 10 000–15 000 spines, each of which receives a glutamatergic input at its head (see Figure ...
... and in this focal plane gives rise to four primary dendrites. The dendrites are initially spine free and then become densely laden with spines, usually after the first bifurcation. An individual MSN possesses 10 000–15 000 spines, each of which receives a glutamatergic input at its head (see Figure ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for synaptic
... synaptic vesicles adjacent to the dense projection and an increased number of docked vesicles. Cla-‐1 ...
... synaptic vesicles adjacent to the dense projection and an increased number of docked vesicles. Cla-‐1 ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for
... synaptic vesicles adjacent to the dense projection and an increased number of docked vesicles. Cla-‐1 ...
... synaptic vesicles adjacent to the dense projection and an increased number of docked vesicles. Cla-‐1 ...
Ramayya, A. G., Zaghloul, K. A., Weidemann, C. T., Baltuch, G. H.
... consists of two functionally distinct neuronal populations— dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the pars compacta subregion and GABA-ergic neurons in the pars reticulata subregion. DA neurons have been shown to encode reward prediction errors with phasic bursts of firing, that occur when there is a mismatc ...
... consists of two functionally distinct neuronal populations— dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the pars compacta subregion and GABA-ergic neurons in the pars reticulata subregion. DA neurons have been shown to encode reward prediction errors with phasic bursts of firing, that occur when there is a mismatc ...
Article Full Text PDF
... goldfish (Carassius auratus). The zebrafish M-cell has an axon cap, a high resistivity structure which surrounds the initial segment of the M-axon, and accounts for an unusual amplification of the fields generated within and around it. Second, extra- and intracellular recordings were performed with ...
... goldfish (Carassius auratus). The zebrafish M-cell has an axon cap, a high resistivity structure which surrounds the initial segment of the M-axon, and accounts for an unusual amplification of the fields generated within and around it. Second, extra- and intracellular recordings were performed with ...
from ups
... squared distance Ž k coefficient. is highly variable from one axon to another Žrange 2100–27 500 mArmm2 , median 8850 mArmm2 .. Part of this variability is related to differences in conduction velocity. The theoretical number of axonal branches and axon initial segments activated by a given current ...
... squared distance Ž k coefficient. is highly variable from one axon to another Žrange 2100–27 500 mArmm2 , median 8850 mArmm2 .. Part of this variability is related to differences in conduction velocity. The theoretical number of axonal branches and axon initial segments activated by a given current ...
NMDA receptor blockade causes selective prefrontal
... underlying short term sensory learning during repetitions of the same stimuli. Furthermore, we want to characterise the effects of ketamine – as an NMDAR blocking agent – on the MMN response in healthy subjects. NMDA receptors are prevalent in the supragranular layers of the cortex, suggesting parti ...
... underlying short term sensory learning during repetitions of the same stimuli. Furthermore, we want to characterise the effects of ketamine – as an NMDAR blocking agent – on the MMN response in healthy subjects. NMDA receptors are prevalent in the supragranular layers of the cortex, suggesting parti ...
Realizing Biological Spiking Network Models in a Configurable
... which connect the horizontal and vertical buses allow to route signals across the wafer. Each bus lane carries the spike signals of up to 64 neurons. A spike is indicated by an asynchronous serial 6-bit packet encoding the address of the source neuron. The spike time is inferred from the actual mome ...
... which connect the horizontal and vertical buses allow to route signals across the wafer. Each bus lane carries the spike signals of up to 64 neurons. A spike is indicated by an asynchronous serial 6-bit packet encoding the address of the source neuron. The spike time is inferred from the actual mome ...
Molecules and mechanisms of dendrite development in Drosophila
... once the severing event has occurred. Importantly, however, caspase activity is very likely to be local, as activated caspases and cleaved caspase substrates are detected selectively in pruning dendritic arbors (Kuo et al., 2006; Williams et al., 2006). How this dendritic specificity is achieved is ...
... once the severing event has occurred. Importantly, however, caspase activity is very likely to be local, as activated caspases and cleaved caspase substrates are detected selectively in pruning dendritic arbors (Kuo et al., 2006; Williams et al., 2006). How this dendritic specificity is achieved is ...
Radial Glial Cell–Neuron Interaction Directs Axon Formation at the
... prepared as previously described (Gongidi et al., 2004; Kawauchi et al., 2010) with some modifications. E15 mouse embryonic cerebral cortices were dissected and dissociated into single cells in the same way as neuron dissociation (see below). Dissociated cells were suspended in Minimum Essential Med ...
... prepared as previously described (Gongidi et al., 2004; Kawauchi et al., 2010) with some modifications. E15 mouse embryonic cerebral cortices were dissected and dissociated into single cells in the same way as neuron dissociation (see below). Dissociated cells were suspended in Minimum Essential Med ...
Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and
... restitution of the fast field potentials occurs that is also demonstrable with the conventional EEG. A comparison of the DC shifts and the alterations of the membrane potentials shows a parallelism of both events (Caspers and Speckmann, 1974; Caspers et al., 1979, 1980, 1984; Speckmann and Caspers, ...
... restitution of the fast field potentials occurs that is also demonstrable with the conventional EEG. A comparison of the DC shifts and the alterations of the membrane potentials shows a parallelism of both events (Caspers and Speckmann, 1974; Caspers et al., 1979, 1980, 1984; Speckmann and Caspers, ...
Morphological and Quantitative Study of Neurons in the Gracile
... size and shape; 2) density of dendritic tree and 3) presence or absence of different types of spines and/or appendages on dendrites and/or cell bodies. Type I Neurons: These multipolar or elongated neurons (Figure 2) represented the largest impregnated neuronal type in the Gr. They had very large so ...
... size and shape; 2) density of dendritic tree and 3) presence or absence of different types of spines and/or appendages on dendrites and/or cell bodies. Type I Neurons: These multipolar or elongated neurons (Figure 2) represented the largest impregnated neuronal type in the Gr. They had very large so ...
Fifty years of CPGs: two neuroethological papers that shaped BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
... do not maintain a fixed phase relative to one another, or relative to movements of the wings. However, different neurons innervating the same muscle do maintain a fixed phase (Wyman, 1965). For one pair of muscles that are each innervated by five motor neurons, the neurons innervating each muscle fi ...
... do not maintain a fixed phase relative to one another, or relative to movements of the wings. However, different neurons innervating the same muscle do maintain a fixed phase (Wyman, 1965). For one pair of muscles that are each innervated by five motor neurons, the neurons innervating each muscle fi ...
Heterogeneity of the Population of Command Neurons in the Lamprey
... ipsilateral and contralateral to an RS neuron. The amplitude of the response, that is, a deviation of the summated M N activity from the level observed before the arrival of the RS spike, and the response duration varied considerably. For the excitatory responses, the relative amplitude was 120 ⫾ 14 ...
... ipsilateral and contralateral to an RS neuron. The amplitude of the response, that is, a deviation of the summated M N activity from the level observed before the arrival of the RS spike, and the response duration varied considerably. For the excitatory responses, the relative amplitude was 120 ⫾ 14 ...
Function of Peripheral Olfactory Organs
... spike is not known to carry any extra information to the AL. It is the frequency of spikes rather than their size that is important for generating behavioural responses. Information about the absolute concentration of odour also may be important to the insect, but instances in which this has been sh ...
... spike is not known to carry any extra information to the AL. It is the frequency of spikes rather than their size that is important for generating behavioural responses. Information about the absolute concentration of odour also may be important to the insect, but instances in which this has been sh ...
Odorant-induced Oscillations in the Mushroom Bodies of
... of olfactory processing and learning, for the mushroom bodies are the main target neuropil of olfactory projection interneurons that originate in the glomerular antenna1 lobes (Christensen and Hildebrand, 1987; Masson and Mustaparta, 1990). The mushroom bodies of insects are therefore the second pri ...
... of olfactory processing and learning, for the mushroom bodies are the main target neuropil of olfactory projection interneurons that originate in the glomerular antenna1 lobes (Christensen and Hildebrand, 1987; Masson and Mustaparta, 1990). The mushroom bodies of insects are therefore the second pri ...
Synaptic Competition during the Reformation of a Neuromuscular Map
... 12–17 mM or by stretching the muscle. Intracellular recordings were made from muscle fibers of sectors II and III. Sector I was not systematically studied because the nerve crushes above this sector did not consistently denervate all the fibers in sector I. Recording and anal ysis of end plate poten ...
... 12–17 mM or by stretching the muscle. Intracellular recordings were made from muscle fibers of sectors II and III. Sector I was not systematically studied because the nerve crushes above this sector did not consistently denervate all the fibers in sector I. Recording and anal ysis of end plate poten ...
mechanisms and biological role of thalamocortical oscillations
... TC neurons posses a large set of intrinsic currents that enable them to contribute to the various oscillatory activities and/or mediated some of them. The electrophysiological identification of a TC neuron is shown in Fig. 2. Usually, a small depolarization of TC neurons with intracellular DC curren ...
... TC neurons posses a large set of intrinsic currents that enable them to contribute to the various oscillatory activities and/or mediated some of them. The electrophysiological identification of a TC neuron is shown in Fig. 2. Usually, a small depolarization of TC neurons with intracellular DC curren ...
Neuroscience, Fifth Edition
... Molecular Signaling within Neurons 141 Overview 141 Strategies of Molecular Signaling 141 The Activation of Signaling Pathways 143 Receptor Types 144 G-Proteins and Their Molecular Targets 145 Second Messengers 147 BOX 7A DYNAMIC IMAGING OF INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING 149 ...
... Molecular Signaling within Neurons 141 Overview 141 Strategies of Molecular Signaling 141 The Activation of Signaling Pathways 143 Receptor Types 144 G-Proteins and Their Molecular Targets 145 Second Messengers 147 BOX 7A DYNAMIC IMAGING OF INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING 149 ...
Components of Decision-Making
... Baimel, C. and S. L. Borgland (2015). "Orexin signaling in the VTA gates morphine-induced synaptic plasticity." The journal of neuroscience 35(18): 7295-7303. Balleine, B. W., et al. (2007). "The role of the dorsal striatum in reward and decision-making." The journal of neuroscience 27(31): 8161-816 ...
... Baimel, C. and S. L. Borgland (2015). "Orexin signaling in the VTA gates morphine-induced synaptic plasticity." The journal of neuroscience 35(18): 7295-7303. Balleine, B. W., et al. (2007). "The role of the dorsal striatum in reward and decision-making." The journal of neuroscience 27(31): 8161-816 ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.