Decision Making in Recurrent Neuronal Circuits
... this computational perspective. The focus will be on basic computations: (1) accumulation of evidence (what is the cellular basis of temporal accumulation of information?), (2) formation of a categorical choice (what is the termination rule for a deliberation process in neuronal terms?); (3) reward- ...
... this computational perspective. The focus will be on basic computations: (1) accumulation of evidence (what is the cellular basis of temporal accumulation of information?), (2) formation of a categorical choice (what is the termination rule for a deliberation process in neuronal terms?); (3) reward- ...
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... adults have a diagnosable mental disorder for a given year . Based on the 2004 Census, this results in 57.7 million people requiring help for mental health disorders. The magnitude of the problem is huge and the cost to society in billions of dollars. Many of these disorders do not have definitive t ...
... adults have a diagnosable mental disorder for a given year . Based on the 2004 Census, this results in 57.7 million people requiring help for mental health disorders. The magnitude of the problem is huge and the cost to society in billions of dollars. Many of these disorders do not have definitive t ...
Computing with Spiking Neuron Networks
... explicitly to do perform some task (supervised learning), and for learning interesting features “on its own” (unsupervised learning). Supervised learning algorithms are for example gradient descent algorithms (e.g. error backpropagation [140]) that fit the neural network behavior to some target func ...
... explicitly to do perform some task (supervised learning), and for learning interesting features “on its own” (unsupervised learning). Supervised learning algorithms are for example gradient descent algorithms (e.g. error backpropagation [140]) that fit the neural network behavior to some target func ...
Polarization-sensitive and light-sensitive neurons in two parallel
... Animals moving through their environment are guided by a variety of sensory cues they exploit to control their direction of locomotion and to calculate distances. Spatial orientation in mammals is characterized by internal representations of the spatial relationship between the animal´s body and its ...
... Animals moving through their environment are guided by a variety of sensory cues they exploit to control their direction of locomotion and to calculate distances. Spatial orientation in mammals is characterized by internal representations of the spatial relationship between the animal´s body and its ...
Probing neural circuits in the zebrafish: a suite of optical techniques
... Bio-Rad MRC 600 offers a macro programming language for more complex acquisition protocols, an example of which is a time-lapse macro that we use to collect longer series of images at rates of 1 s/frame or slower (the write time from the frame-store to the hard disk is not an issue in such cases). Ti ...
... Bio-Rad MRC 600 offers a macro programming language for more complex acquisition protocols, an example of which is a time-lapse macro that we use to collect longer series of images at rates of 1 s/frame or slower (the write time from the frame-store to the hard disk is not an issue in such cases). Ti ...
A Biologically Inspired Visuo-Motor Control Model based on a Deflationary
... Moreover, in area F5 a population of neurons was discovered which are “active” (high spike rate) during both the execution of a Goal Oriented action (executed-GO action) and the observation of the same action executed by another individual (observed-GO action). Because of their characteristic activa ...
... Moreover, in area F5 a population of neurons was discovered which are “active” (high spike rate) during both the execution of a Goal Oriented action (executed-GO action) and the observation of the same action executed by another individual (observed-GO action). Because of their characteristic activa ...
Nervous Tissue
... Resting Membrane Potential In neurons, the resting membrane potential ranges from – ...
... Resting Membrane Potential In neurons, the resting membrane potential ranges from – ...
Chapter 3
... • Neurons are electrically excitable due to the voltage difference across their membrane • Communicate with 2 types of electric signals – action potentials that can travel long distances – graded potentials that are local membrane changes only • In living cells, a flow of ions occurs through ion cha ...
... • Neurons are electrically excitable due to the voltage difference across their membrane • Communicate with 2 types of electric signals – action potentials that can travel long distances – graded potentials that are local membrane changes only • In living cells, a flow of ions occurs through ion cha ...
Ch 12
... • Neurons are electrically excitable due to the voltage difference across their membrane • Communicate with 2 types of electric signals – action potentials that can travel long distances – graded potentials that are local membrane changes only • In living cells, a flow of ions occurs through ion cha ...
... • Neurons are electrically excitable due to the voltage difference across their membrane • Communicate with 2 types of electric signals – action potentials that can travel long distances – graded potentials that are local membrane changes only • In living cells, a flow of ions occurs through ion cha ...
CNS*2004 July 18-22, 2004 Baltimore, Maryland
... Dendritic integration in accessory olfactory bulb mitral cells ...
... Dendritic integration in accessory olfactory bulb mitral cells ...
Plasticity in the Nervous System of Adult Hydra. III. Conversion of
... the context of constant change of location? Earlier studies have shown that there are two means to achieve this end. In one, the epidermal sensory cells of the tentacles are maintained by new differentiation (Yaross et al., 1986). In the other, the epidermal sensory cells of the hypostome, and a sub ...
... the context of constant change of location? Earlier studies have shown that there are two means to achieve this end. In one, the epidermal sensory cells of the tentacles are maintained by new differentiation (Yaross et al., 1986). In the other, the epidermal sensory cells of the hypostome, and a sub ...
Artificial Intelligence (AI). Neural Networks
... Each neuron in the brain can take electrochemical signals as input via its dendrites and can process them before sending new signals along the axon and via the dendrites of the other connected neurons. The neuron sends signal if the collective influence of all its inputs reaches a threshold level (a ...
... Each neuron in the brain can take electrochemical signals as input via its dendrites and can process them before sending new signals along the axon and via the dendrites of the other connected neurons. The neuron sends signal if the collective influence of all its inputs reaches a threshold level (a ...
Corticofugal modulation of frequency processing in bat auditory
... brainstem to the higher auditory regions of the brain. Neurons throughout the auditory system are tuned to stimulus frequency, and in many auditory regions are arranged in topographical maps with respect to their preferred frequency. These properties are assumed to arise from the interactions of con ...
... brainstem to the higher auditory regions of the brain. Neurons throughout the auditory system are tuned to stimulus frequency, and in many auditory regions are arranged in topographical maps with respect to their preferred frequency. These properties are assumed to arise from the interactions of con ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation
... The firing rates of conditioned neurons increased instantaneously after a trial onset and the bottle entered the drinking zone within a very short time. The time-to-reward for the conditioned neurons soon decreased and exhibited significant difference compared to that for non-conditioned neurons. Th ...
... The firing rates of conditioned neurons increased instantaneously after a trial onset and the bottle entered the drinking zone within a very short time. The time-to-reward for the conditioned neurons soon decreased and exhibited significant difference compared to that for non-conditioned neurons. Th ...
Plasticity-related genes in brain development and amygdala
... cues, and comparable long-term alterations are thought to be the physical substrate of learning. Adaptation on such time scales is afforded by alterations of neuronal gene expression, meaning neurons require signal transduction mechanisms to relay external developmental guidance and learning cues to ...
... cues, and comparable long-term alterations are thought to be the physical substrate of learning. Adaptation on such time scales is afforded by alterations of neuronal gene expression, meaning neurons require signal transduction mechanisms to relay external developmental guidance and learning cues to ...
Integrating Top-Down and Bottom
... areas. An input stimulus with varying amount of noise was presented to area A whereas area B received no external signals. We considered total spike numbers as well as burst numbers to analyze the signal/noisebehavior under the two described conditions. When the network is operated with disabled fee ...
... areas. An input stimulus with varying amount of noise was presented to area A whereas area B received no external signals. We considered total spike numbers as well as burst numbers to analyze the signal/noisebehavior under the two described conditions. When the network is operated with disabled fee ...
Spindle-Like Thalamocortical Synchronization in a Rat Brain Slice
... VB and RTN following stimuli delivered in the cortex. Spontaneous and stimulus-induced coherent rhythmic oscillations (duration ⫽ 0.4 – 3.5 s; frequency ⫽ 9 –16 Hz) occurred in cortex, VB, and RTN during application of medium containing low concentrations of the K⫹ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (0 ...
... VB and RTN following stimuli delivered in the cortex. Spontaneous and stimulus-induced coherent rhythmic oscillations (duration ⫽ 0.4 – 3.5 s; frequency ⫽ 9 –16 Hz) occurred in cortex, VB, and RTN during application of medium containing low concentrations of the K⫹ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (0 ...
Stimulation Within the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Can Evoke
... (RVLM) were studied to determine their nature and pharmacology. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were made from 36 SPNs in the upper thoracic segments of the spinal cord in a neonatal rat brain stem-spinal cord preparation. Neurons were identified as SPNs on the basis of their antidromic activation ...
... (RVLM) were studied to determine their nature and pharmacology. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were made from 36 SPNs in the upper thoracic segments of the spinal cord in a neonatal rat brain stem-spinal cord preparation. Neurons were identified as SPNs on the basis of their antidromic activation ...
Role of Slitrk Family Members in
... The development of the nervous system is an extremely complex process where gene expression is tightly regulated, both spatially and temporally. Any gene disruption during neurodevelopment, from the complete non-transcription of the gene to a single nucleotide mutation, has the potential to lead to ...
... The development of the nervous system is an extremely complex process where gene expression is tightly regulated, both spatially and temporally. Any gene disruption during neurodevelopment, from the complete non-transcription of the gene to a single nucleotide mutation, has the potential to lead to ...
Optimal Sizes of Dendritic and Axonal Arbors
... 3.2 Other factors affecting arbor sizes One may argue that dendrites and axons have functions other than linking cell bodies to synapses and, therefore, the size of the arbors may be dictated by other considerations. Although I can not rule out this possibility, the primary function ofaxons and dend ...
... 3.2 Other factors affecting arbor sizes One may argue that dendrites and axons have functions other than linking cell bodies to synapses and, therefore, the size of the arbors may be dictated by other considerations. Although I can not rule out this possibility, the primary function ofaxons and dend ...
Physiologically-Inspired Model for the Visual Tuning Properties of
... 4) Only if the maximum of these responses is below a given threshold (TL > 0.95) add a new template to the already existing features. 5) Repeat steps from 2) until a sufficient number of features have been learned. This algorithm implements a form of competitive online feature learning, which potent ...
... 4) Only if the maximum of these responses is below a given threshold (TL > 0.95) add a new template to the already existing features. 5) Repeat steps from 2) until a sufficient number of features have been learned. This algorithm implements a form of competitive online feature learning, which potent ...
Lack of response suppression follows repeated ventral tegmental
... firing rate. The increases in firing rate and the time to return to basal firing were not significantly different between exposures. Furthermore, the cannabinoid antagonist SR141716A completely prevented the HU210-induced excitation whilst having no effect on its own, thus indicating a CB1-receptor ...
... firing rate. The increases in firing rate and the time to return to basal firing were not significantly different between exposures. Furthermore, the cannabinoid antagonist SR141716A completely prevented the HU210-induced excitation whilst having no effect on its own, thus indicating a CB1-receptor ...
Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Neurons Burst with Theta during
... shown). A corresponding theta peak was evident on the EEG spectra in these regions (Fig. 3F ). The rhythmic burst discharge and cross-correlated theta activity were less consistently evident during active waking epochs than during PS epochs because of the transient appearance of theta activity, whic ...
... shown). A corresponding theta peak was evident on the EEG spectra in these regions (Fig. 3F ). The rhythmic burst discharge and cross-correlated theta activity were less consistently evident during active waking epochs than during PS epochs because of the transient appearance of theta activity, whic ...
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... The analogy between the basal ganglia and actor – critic models builds on the strong resemblance between DA neuron activity and the TD prediction error signal, and between DA-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity in the striatum (Calabresi et al., 2000; Wickens, Begg, & Arbuthnott, 1996) and learn ...
... The analogy between the basal ganglia and actor – critic models builds on the strong resemblance between DA neuron activity and the TD prediction error signal, and between DA-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity in the striatum (Calabresi et al., 2000; Wickens, Begg, & Arbuthnott, 1996) and learn ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.