Input evoked nonlinearities in silicon dendritic circuits
... Fig. 2. Simplified schematics of the synaptic circuits in each compartment. The top left schematic shows the circuit for AMPA synapse, which is modeled as a low-pass filter (LPF). The top right schematic shows the NMDA synapse, which has a relatively long time constant and is sensitive to both the l ...
... Fig. 2. Simplified schematics of the synaptic circuits in each compartment. The top left schematic shows the circuit for AMPA synapse, which is modeled as a low-pass filter (LPF). The top right schematic shows the NMDA synapse, which has a relatively long time constant and is sensitive to both the l ...
BDNF-induced local protein synthesis and synaptic
... element on the 30 UTR of the Arc mRNA showed a moderate ability to target these transcripts to dendrites (Kobayashi et al., 2005). However, it is currently unknown whether hnRNPA2 is required for Arc mRNA trafficking along dendrites in vivo and the identity of the trans-acting factors that recognize ...
... element on the 30 UTR of the Arc mRNA showed a moderate ability to target these transcripts to dendrites (Kobayashi et al., 2005). However, it is currently unknown whether hnRNPA2 is required for Arc mRNA trafficking along dendrites in vivo and the identity of the trans-acting factors that recognize ...
Coding Rate and Duration of Vocalizations of the Frog, Xenopus laevis
... expressed NMDARs, we first applied 1 M tetrodotoxin (TTX) (SigmaAldrich) to block all spike-mediated synaptic transmission. The effectiveness of TTX treatment was confirmed when action potentials could no longer be produced by either the FTNs or vocal motoneurons (determined by the loss of activity ...
... expressed NMDARs, we first applied 1 M tetrodotoxin (TTX) (SigmaAldrich) to block all spike-mediated synaptic transmission. The effectiveness of TTX treatment was confirmed when action potentials could no longer be produced by either the FTNs or vocal motoneurons (determined by the loss of activity ...
What is the other 85% of V1 doing?
... of a neuron that seems unresponsive, it is still important to know in what way these neurons are unresponsive. What are the statistics of activity? Do they tend to appear bursty or tonic? Do they tend to be encountered in particular layers of cortex? And most importantly, are they merely unresponsiv ...
... of a neuron that seems unresponsive, it is still important to know in what way these neurons are unresponsive. What are the statistics of activity? Do they tend to appear bursty or tonic? Do they tend to be encountered in particular layers of cortex? And most importantly, are they merely unresponsiv ...
Mushroom body efferent neurons responsible for aversive olfactory
... Different odors induce innate approach or avoidance behaviors in Drosophila. Innate odor responses can be modulated by experience, such as associative learning. After simultaneous exposure to an electric shock and an odorant, flies form aversive memory and show robust conditioned odor avoidance that ...
... Different odors induce innate approach or avoidance behaviors in Drosophila. Innate odor responses can be modulated by experience, such as associative learning. After simultaneous exposure to an electric shock and an odorant, flies form aversive memory and show robust conditioned odor avoidance that ...
Full version (PDF file)
... demonstrated that dorsal agranular insular cortex and dorsal prelimbic cortex project primarily to the dorsal NAc core, while the ventral NAc core is mainly innervated by pathways originating in the ventral prelimbic cortex, ventral agranular insular cortex and olfactory tubercle (Groenewegen et al. ...
... demonstrated that dorsal agranular insular cortex and dorsal prelimbic cortex project primarily to the dorsal NAc core, while the ventral NAc core is mainly innervated by pathways originating in the ventral prelimbic cortex, ventral agranular insular cortex and olfactory tubercle (Groenewegen et al. ...
Corticothalamic feedback and sensory processing
... Egocentric selection in the auditory system can be demonstrated by revisiting the experiments of Suga and co-workers [33–35]. Once a sensory signal is initially transmitted from the MGB to the cortex, further activity in the MGB (and other corticofugal targets [39]) is markedly modified by feedback ...
... Egocentric selection in the auditory system can be demonstrated by revisiting the experiments of Suga and co-workers [33–35]. Once a sensory signal is initially transmitted from the MGB to the cortex, further activity in the MGB (and other corticofugal targets [39]) is markedly modified by feedback ...
An EM Study of the Dorsal Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus
... different cell types. Examples of both cell types were observed to project to the contralateral side and received labeled synaptic endings. The major finding of this study is that the crossed connections between DNLL exhibit the morphology associated with inhibitory function. Since neurons in DNLL a ...
... different cell types. Examples of both cell types were observed to project to the contralateral side and received labeled synaptic endings. The major finding of this study is that the crossed connections between DNLL exhibit the morphology associated with inhibitory function. Since neurons in DNLL a ...
Zebrafish and motor control over the last decade
... documenting the ability to reliably image groups of motoneurons in vivo during an escape response and showing how massive the recruitment of motoneurons is during the escape bend in fish. Every imaged motoneuron was activated when an escape was triggered by a tap on the head of the fish. The backfil ...
... documenting the ability to reliably image groups of motoneurons in vivo during an escape response and showing how massive the recruitment of motoneurons is during the escape bend in fish. Every imaged motoneuron was activated when an escape was triggered by a tap on the head of the fish. The backfil ...
Neuronal Activity and Ion Homeostasis in the Hypoxic Brain
... depolarize en masse after having been silent for approximately a minute. In Chapter 4, initiation and propagation of spreading depolarization is investigated, a slow wave of depolarizing neurons. Simplified expressions will be derived that relate the wave form, propagation velocity, and triggering t ...
... depolarize en masse after having been silent for approximately a minute. In Chapter 4, initiation and propagation of spreading depolarization is investigated, a slow wave of depolarizing neurons. Simplified expressions will be derived that relate the wave form, propagation velocity, and triggering t ...
Long-term potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex and chronic
... the last 10 amino acids of GluR2 (‘GluR2-SVKI’: NVYGIESVKI) that disrupts binding of GluA2 (previously called GluR2) to GRIP [16] blocked the facilitatory effect of 5-HT. The effect of GluA2-SVKI on synaptic facilitation is rather selective, because baseline excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) ...
... the last 10 amino acids of GluR2 (‘GluR2-SVKI’: NVYGIESVKI) that disrupts binding of GluA2 (previously called GluR2) to GRIP [16] blocked the facilitatory effect of 5-HT. The effect of GluA2-SVKI on synaptic facilitation is rather selective, because baseline excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) ...
Report - Ben Hayden
... 2007; McCoy and Platt, 2005). This task is thus an ideal tool for studying the neural mechanisms underlying outcome monitoring and subsequent changes in choice behavior. We specifically probed how CGp neurons respond to gamble outcomes, how such signals influence future choice behavior, and whether ...
... 2007; McCoy and Platt, 2005). This task is thus an ideal tool for studying the neural mechanisms underlying outcome monitoring and subsequent changes in choice behavior. We specifically probed how CGp neurons respond to gamble outcomes, how such signals influence future choice behavior, and whether ...
Growth arrest specific gene 7 is associated with schizophrenia and
... EMX1-positive, indicating that they were cortical pyramidal neurons (Additional file 2: Figure S2B). When neurons were transfected with shRNA, significant reductions in both axonal and dendritic branching were observed at DIV7. This effect could be rescued by co-transfection of a shRNA-resistant for ...
... EMX1-positive, indicating that they were cortical pyramidal neurons (Additional file 2: Figure S2B). When neurons were transfected with shRNA, significant reductions in both axonal and dendritic branching were observed at DIV7. This effect could be rescued by co-transfection of a shRNA-resistant for ...
Dendritic Computation - UCSD Cognitive Science
... dendrites might be beneficial because they enable the spatial separation of inputs to minimize their interaction. In some cases, however, this possible sublinear summation may actually be advantageous (Agmon-Snir et al. 1998, section on coincidence detection in auditory neurons, p. 519) (see Figure ...
... dendrites might be beneficial because they enable the spatial separation of inputs to minimize their interaction. In some cases, however, this possible sublinear summation may actually be advantageous (Agmon-Snir et al. 1998, section on coincidence detection in auditory neurons, p. 519) (see Figure ...
Background Paper 3 - Yale School of Medicine
... have also highlighted the possible interaction between channels bound to dendrites and spines, including thin spines, as a key factor in the maintenance of youthful cognitive performance. Neurons that fire preferentially during the delay period in a delayed response (DR) task (thought to be the esse ...
... have also highlighted the possible interaction between channels bound to dendrites and spines, including thin spines, as a key factor in the maintenance of youthful cognitive performance. Neurons that fire preferentially during the delay period in a delayed response (DR) task (thought to be the esse ...
Papazian Lab Homepage Electrical excitability in the brain
... mutations in KCNC3, which encodes Kv3.3, a voltage-gated K+ channel. The two original SCA13 mutations are associated with distinct clinical manifestations. A mutation in the voltage sensor domain leads to progressive adult onset ataxia accompanied by degeneration of cerebellar neurons. This mutant s ...
... mutations in KCNC3, which encodes Kv3.3, a voltage-gated K+ channel. The two original SCA13 mutations are associated with distinct clinical manifestations. A mutation in the voltage sensor domain leads to progressive adult onset ataxia accompanied by degeneration of cerebellar neurons. This mutant s ...
physiological plasticity in auditory cortex: rapid induction by learning
... and Diamond, in press), and wherever possible, are referenced in the text rather than repeated here. 2. Perspectives on Neuroplasticity Neuroplasticity has become a major focus in contemporary neurobiology. It is widely studied at several levels--subcellular, cellular, neuronal systems, behavioral-- ...
... and Diamond, in press), and wherever possible, are referenced in the text rather than repeated here. 2. Perspectives on Neuroplasticity Neuroplasticity has become a major focus in contemporary neurobiology. It is widely studied at several levels--subcellular, cellular, neuronal systems, behavioral-- ...
Neural Control of Interappendage Phase During Locomotion
... network. Any given network can display one property without showing the other property. The fact that the swimmem system is both central and distributed is extremely useful and will be be discussed later in this paper. It is not possible in some preparations to isolate totally a portion of the CNS f ...
... network. Any given network can display one property without showing the other property. The fact that the swimmem system is both central and distributed is extremely useful and will be be discussed later in this paper. It is not possible in some preparations to isolate totally a portion of the CNS f ...
Pre- or postsynaptic distribution of distinct endocannabinoid
... 2-AG as a synaptic messenger (Melis et al, 2004; Makara et al, 2005; Hashimotodani et al, 2007, ...
... 2-AG as a synaptic messenger (Melis et al, 2004; Makara et al, 2005; Hashimotodani et al, 2007, ...
Structural Changes in AMPA-Receptive Neurons in the Nucleus of
... Abstract—The baroreceptor reflex is critical for homeostatic regulation of blood pressure and is initiated centrally by glutamate release from baroreceptive afferents onto neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract that activates AMPA-type glutamate receptors. The GluR1 subunit of the AMPA recepto ...
... Abstract—The baroreceptor reflex is critical for homeostatic regulation of blood pressure and is initiated centrally by glutamate release from baroreceptive afferents onto neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract that activates AMPA-type glutamate receptors. The GluR1 subunit of the AMPA recepto ...
Lecture CH18 chem131pikul partA
... •The transmitter is then degraded or returned to the presynaptic neuron to begin the process again. •Some drugs are used to prevent the release of a neurotransmitter or to block its binding to a receptor. •Other drugs increase the amount of neurotransmitter released. ...
... •The transmitter is then degraded or returned to the presynaptic neuron to begin the process again. •Some drugs are used to prevent the release of a neurotransmitter or to block its binding to a receptor. •Other drugs increase the amount of neurotransmitter released. ...
Conditioned tone control of brain reward behavior produces highly
... Primary sensory cortices have been assumed to serve as stimulus analyzers while cognitive functions such as learning and memory have been allocated to ‘‘higher” cortical areas. However, the primary auditory cortex (A1) is now known to encode the acquired significance of sound as indicated by associat ...
... Primary sensory cortices have been assumed to serve as stimulus analyzers while cognitive functions such as learning and memory have been allocated to ‘‘higher” cortical areas. However, the primary auditory cortex (A1) is now known to encode the acquired significance of sound as indicated by associat ...
A lineage-related reciprocal inhibition circuitry for sensory
... in b. (b) CX neuropils are interconnected by projections from columnar neurons and tangential neurons (FB-EB neurons and EB-ring neurons). Histological, immunocytochemical, and clonal analyses demonstrate that columnar projection neurons connect all CX substructures and are subdivided into modules e ...
... in b. (b) CX neuropils are interconnected by projections from columnar neurons and tangential neurons (FB-EB neurons and EB-ring neurons). Histological, immunocytochemical, and clonal analyses demonstrate that columnar projection neurons connect all CX substructures and are subdivided into modules e ...
Synaptic Regulation of Action Potential Timing in
... yielding tip resistances of 5– 8 MV. Series resistance (15–30 MV) was monitored throughout the recording, and neurons exhibiting .25% change were rejected. Voltage errors attributable to series resistance and the liquid junction potential were subtracted off-line. In some instances in which the reve ...
... yielding tip resistances of 5– 8 MV. Series resistance (15–30 MV) was monitored throughout the recording, and neurons exhibiting .25% change were rejected. Voltage errors attributable to series resistance and the liquid junction potential were subtracted off-line. In some instances in which the reve ...
construction of a model demonstrating neural pathways and reflex arcs
... The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae (backbone) asit passesdown the vertebral canal. The spinal cord terminates between the first two lumbar vertebrae in most adults. Neurons in the spinal cord are also functionally arranged so that areas dealing with the same types of information are group ...
... The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae (backbone) asit passesdown the vertebral canal. The spinal cord terminates between the first two lumbar vertebrae in most adults. Neurons in the spinal cord are also functionally arranged so that areas dealing with the same types of information are group ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.