Concept cells: the building blocks of declarative
... representation of a large number of stimuli). In general, the decoding algorithm could not distinguish between different pictures of the same individual39, underlining the idea that MTL neurons encode concepts rather than particular details. The predictions made from the firing of MTL neurons were n ...
... representation of a large number of stimuli). In general, the decoding algorithm could not distinguish between different pictures of the same individual39, underlining the idea that MTL neurons encode concepts rather than particular details. The predictions made from the firing of MTL neurons were n ...
REVIEWS - Department Of Biological Sciences Hunter College
... connections with their intended targets are controlled by sequential, complex cell–cell interactions. Developing neurons extend dendrites and axons. These dendrites generate complex arborizations, the pattern of which is regulated by interactions with other dendrites derived from adjacent neurons1. ...
... connections with their intended targets are controlled by sequential, complex cell–cell interactions. Developing neurons extend dendrites and axons. These dendrites generate complex arborizations, the pattern of which is regulated by interactions with other dendrites derived from adjacent neurons1. ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... in the loose-patch mode for a given postsynaptic neuron. If a monosynaptic connection was not found after this extensive searching, the L2/3 interneuron was, however, processed for morphological reconstruction in most cases. Therefore, we report putative connection rates for the different types of i ...
... in the loose-patch mode for a given postsynaptic neuron. If a monosynaptic connection was not found after this extensive searching, the L2/3 interneuron was, however, processed for morphological reconstruction in most cases. Therefore, we report putative connection rates for the different types of i ...
A Temporal Continuity to the Vertical
... linking of cells within them by gap junctions suggests that these structures may be aggregations of cell columns coordinating activity in larger modular units (Weissman and others 2004). ...
... linking of cells within them by gap junctions suggests that these structures may be aggregations of cell columns coordinating activity in larger modular units (Weissman and others 2004). ...
Introduction and review of Matlab
... 1. Change of membrane voltage opens the sodium channels. 2. Na+ ions flow into the cell, which collapses the membrane potential from −60 mV to 0. 3. This triggers the opening of the potassium channels, while the sodium channels shut down stochastically. 4. K+ ions flow outside the cell, restoring th ...
... 1. Change of membrane voltage opens the sodium channels. 2. Na+ ions flow into the cell, which collapses the membrane potential from −60 mV to 0. 3. This triggers the opening of the potassium channels, while the sodium channels shut down stochastically. 4. K+ ions flow outside the cell, restoring th ...
Soghomonian J.J., Sethares C., and Peters, A
... Author Manuscript Neuroscience. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 June 16. ...
... Author Manuscript Neuroscience. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 June 16. ...
Position of Larval Tapeworms, Polypocephalus sp., in the Ganglia of
... 2009). Thus, this shrimp-tapeworm system is a potential case of parasite-induced trophic transmission (Lafferty 1999). How tapeworms influence the shrimps’ behavior is not clear, but given that specific functions often are localized in particular regions of the nervous system, it is reasonable to hy ...
... 2009). Thus, this shrimp-tapeworm system is a potential case of parasite-induced trophic transmission (Lafferty 1999). How tapeworms influence the shrimps’ behavior is not clear, but given that specific functions often are localized in particular regions of the nervous system, it is reasonable to hy ...
Part B
... feedback leads to opening of all Na+ channels, and a reversal of membrane polarity to +30mV (spike of action potential) ...
... feedback leads to opening of all Na+ channels, and a reversal of membrane polarity to +30mV (spike of action potential) ...
What does the eye tell the brain? Development of a system for the large-scale recording of retinal output activity
... Fig. 12. Scatter plot of the two most significant variables, as found by PCA, for the spike waveform data. The data in five dimensions (not just the two displayed in this scatter plot) have been fit to a weighted sum of four five-dimensional Gaussians. These Gaussians are represented in this 2-D pro ...
... Fig. 12. Scatter plot of the two most significant variables, as found by PCA, for the spike waveform data. The data in five dimensions (not just the two displayed in this scatter plot) have been fit to a weighted sum of four five-dimensional Gaussians. These Gaussians are represented in this 2-D pro ...
The neuronal structure of the substantia nigra in the guinea pig
... causing the dendritic field to have a form of a threepointed star. An axon emerging directly from the soma or from the proximal portion of the primary dendrite takes a dorsal or ventral course. The triangular cells have a centrally-located, large, spherical nucleus and the coarse granules of the tig ...
... causing the dendritic field to have a form of a threepointed star. An axon emerging directly from the soma or from the proximal portion of the primary dendrite takes a dorsal or ventral course. The triangular cells have a centrally-located, large, spherical nucleus and the coarse granules of the tig ...
Spike sorting: the overlapping spikes challenge
... published by Lewicki in [6] for the use on multichannel recordings and evaluated the performance on simulated data. Our results indicate that the performance increases with rising number of signal channels especially under conditions with high noise amplitudes and a high number of neurons. Due to th ...
... published by Lewicki in [6] for the use on multichannel recordings and evaluated the performance on simulated data. Our results indicate that the performance increases with rising number of signal channels especially under conditions with high noise amplitudes and a high number of neurons. Due to th ...
Do neurons have a reserve of sodium channels for the generation of
... Currents were elicited from a holding potential of ±80 mV with voltage steps to ±20 mV (duration 5 ms, interpulse interval 4 s). The recordings are corrected for leakage currents. Action potentials were elicited from a membrane potential of ±84 to ±91 mV by current injections of 0.5 nA (duration 2 m ...
... Currents were elicited from a holding potential of ±80 mV with voltage steps to ±20 mV (duration 5 ms, interpulse interval 4 s). The recordings are corrected for leakage currents. Action potentials were elicited from a membrane potential of ±84 to ±91 mV by current injections of 0.5 nA (duration 2 m ...
Visual Motion Perception using Critical Branching Neural Computation
... and is the previous time that Vi was updated. Thus, the model included continuous exponential leak, applied each time a given neuron received an input. Immediately after each Vi update, if Vi>θi, then Vi 0, and a postsynaptic potential Ij was generated for each axonal synapse of i. Each Ij=wj, and w ...
... and is the previous time that Vi was updated. Thus, the model included continuous exponential leak, applied each time a given neuron received an input. Immediately after each Vi update, if Vi>θi, then Vi 0, and a postsynaptic potential Ij was generated for each axonal synapse of i. Each Ij=wj, and w ...
Neuronal Competition and Selection During Memory Formation
... process. These studies reveal multiple aspects of this competition by advantaging (CREBWT) and disadvantaging (CREBS133A) subsets of neurons (Fig. 4B). The precise mechanism by which CREB confers a competitive advantage to a neuron is unknown. Neurons infected with a vector expressing constitutively ...
... process. These studies reveal multiple aspects of this competition by advantaging (CREBWT) and disadvantaging (CREBS133A) subsets of neurons (Fig. 4B). The precise mechanism by which CREB confers a competitive advantage to a neuron is unknown. Neurons infected with a vector expressing constitutively ...
Coefficient of Variation (CV) vs Mean Interspike Interval (ISI) curves
... CV vs mean ISI curve will follow the experimental one, nor indicates that firing is Poissonian. For proving that ISIs are Poissonian, it is necessary to show that they are both exponentially distributed and independent. Poissonian spike trains will produce CV vs mean ISI curves with the characterist ...
... CV vs mean ISI curve will follow the experimental one, nor indicates that firing is Poissonian. For proving that ISIs are Poissonian, it is necessary to show that they are both exponentially distributed and independent. Poissonian spike trains will produce CV vs mean ISI curves with the characterist ...
Glia Engulf Degenerating Axons during Developmental Axon Pruning
... At higher magnification, we frequently observe labeled profiles of ␥ neurons that form presynaptic terminals in third-instar larvae (arrowheads in Figure 1B3). Later time points reveal signs of synaptic degeneration (arrowheads; compare Figures 1B3 and 1E3). For instance, some labeled presynaptic te ...
... At higher magnification, we frequently observe labeled profiles of ␥ neurons that form presynaptic terminals in third-instar larvae (arrowheads in Figure 1B3). Later time points reveal signs of synaptic degeneration (arrowheads; compare Figures 1B3 and 1E3). For instance, some labeled presynaptic te ...
Large-scale spatiotemporal spike patterning consistent with
... the number of connections were significantly lower as compared with the unshuffled networks (Supplementary Fig. 6 for monkeys Rs and Mk), suggesting that effective connections reflect singletrial coordination across neurons, rather than overall rate modulations or tuning properties. To place the estima ...
... the number of connections were significantly lower as compared with the unshuffled networks (Supplementary Fig. 6 for monkeys Rs and Mk), suggesting that effective connections reflect singletrial coordination across neurons, rather than overall rate modulations or tuning properties. To place the estima ...
Depolarization stimulates lamellipodia formation and
... by trituration with a Pasteur pipette. The cells were pelleted by centrifugation for 5 min at 1000 rpm. The pellet was resuspended in glia conditioned medium ŽGCM, see below. and a small aliquot Ž0.5 ml. was incubated with DiI ŽMolecular Probes; 50 m grml. for 30 min at 368C. Meanwhile, the larger p ...
... by trituration with a Pasteur pipette. The cells were pelleted by centrifugation for 5 min at 1000 rpm. The pellet was resuspended in glia conditioned medium ŽGCM, see below. and a small aliquot Ž0.5 ml. was incubated with DiI ŽMolecular Probes; 50 m grml. for 30 min at 368C. Meanwhile, the larger p ...
Local functions for FMRP in axon growth cone motility and activity
... development in a subsequent study (Nimchinsky et al., 2001). The spine phenotype in FXS may be due to altered translational regulation needed for spine development and maturation of morphologic form during a critical period. FMRP may be regulated by neuronal activity, specifically glutamatergic sign ...
... development in a subsequent study (Nimchinsky et al., 2001). The spine phenotype in FXS may be due to altered translational regulation needed for spine development and maturation of morphologic form during a critical period. FMRP may be regulated by neuronal activity, specifically glutamatergic sign ...
PDF file
... circle indicates a cell (neuron). An arrow from a layer in the cortex to a part of MILN indicates the structural correspondence. The connection between a dashed signal line and a cell indicates lateral inhibition. Descending projection indicates supervision. Projection from other areas indicates exc ...
... circle indicates a cell (neuron). An arrow from a layer in the cortex to a part of MILN indicates the structural correspondence. The connection between a dashed signal line and a cell indicates lateral inhibition. Descending projection indicates supervision. Projection from other areas indicates exc ...
Iterative development and the scope for plasticity: contrasts
... Iterative development and the scope for plasticity: contrasts among trait categories in an adaptive radiation SA Foster1, MA Wund2, MA Graham1, RL Earley3, R Gardiner2, T Kearns2 and JA Baker1 Phenotypic plasticity can influence evolutionary change in a lineage, ranging from facilitation of populatio ...
... Iterative development and the scope for plasticity: contrasts among trait categories in an adaptive radiation SA Foster1, MA Wund2, MA Graham1, RL Earley3, R Gardiner2, T Kearns2 and JA Baker1 Phenotypic plasticity can influence evolutionary change in a lineage, ranging from facilitation of populatio ...
A Simple Biophysically Plausible Model for Long Time
... could be used to support memory for the time at which events took place. Analytically and through simulations on a biophysical model of an individual neuron, we demonstrate that exponentially decaying firing with a range of time constants up to minutes could be implemented using a simple combination ...
... could be used to support memory for the time at which events took place. Analytically and through simulations on a biophysical model of an individual neuron, we demonstrate that exponentially decaying firing with a range of time constants up to minutes could be implemented using a simple combination ...
NETMORPH: A Framework for the Stochastic
... individual growth cone. The various actions of the growth cone, such as elongation, branching and turning, are described as outcomes of stochastic processes that capture in a phenomenological manner the processes involved in neurite outgrowth. This description includes the influence on outgrowth of ...
... individual growth cone. The various actions of the growth cone, such as elongation, branching and turning, are described as outcomes of stochastic processes that capture in a phenomenological manner the processes involved in neurite outgrowth. This description includes the influence on outgrowth of ...
A dendritic disinhibitory circuit mechanism for pathway
... otherwise independent, dendritic compartments (only three shown). (b) Excitatory inputs can generate a local, regenerative NMDA plateau potential in the dendrite. As number of activated synapses increased, there is a sharp nonlinear increase in the evoked dendritic membrane depolarization (VD). (c) ...
... otherwise independent, dendritic compartments (only three shown). (b) Excitatory inputs can generate a local, regenerative NMDA plateau potential in the dendrite. As number of activated synapses increased, there is a sharp nonlinear increase in the evoked dendritic membrane depolarization (VD). (c) ...
in search of memory traces
... Actually, there are many forms of plasticity in the nervous system, synaptic plasticity being only one. There are also changes in neuron excitability due to factors intrinsic to the neurons, as in decreases in after-hyperpolarization, as well as structural changes in dendrites, formation of new neur ...
... Actually, there are many forms of plasticity in the nervous system, synaptic plasticity being only one. There are also changes in neuron excitability due to factors intrinsic to the neurons, as in decreases in after-hyperpolarization, as well as structural changes in dendrites, formation of new neur ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.