REGENERATION OF AN IDENTIFIED CENTRAL NEURON IN THE
... ons or cell bodies were penetrated with these electrodes that the dendritic sprouting is induced directly by the and the dye was iontophoresed with hyperpolarizing lesion and does not result from systemic influences current pulses of 1 Hz, 500 msec duration, and 20 nA evoked by the injury. amplitude ...
... ons or cell bodies were penetrated with these electrodes that the dendritic sprouting is induced directly by the and the dye was iontophoresed with hyperpolarizing lesion and does not result from systemic influences current pulses of 1 Hz, 500 msec duration, and 20 nA evoked by the injury. amplitude ...
Pergamon - Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit
... of information flow through the basal ganglia, i.e. the striatoentopeduncular and striatonigral pathways. Although there is an association of receptor immunoreactivity with afferent synaptic inputs a high proportion is located at extrasynaptic sites. ...
... of information flow through the basal ganglia, i.e. the striatoentopeduncular and striatonigral pathways. Although there is an association of receptor immunoreactivity with afferent synaptic inputs a high proportion is located at extrasynaptic sites. ...
Axo-axonic synapses formed by somatostatin
... Thomson et al., 1996). Many GABAergic synapses make connections with pyramidal cells (Johnson and Burkhalter, 1996), and when activated, they suppress excitation in postsynaptic neurons (Ferster and Jagadeesh, 1992). The inhibitory effects may involve hyperpolarization and blockade of action potenti ...
... Thomson et al., 1996). Many GABAergic synapses make connections with pyramidal cells (Johnson and Burkhalter, 1996), and when activated, they suppress excitation in postsynaptic neurons (Ferster and Jagadeesh, 1992). The inhibitory effects may involve hyperpolarization and blockade of action potenti ...
Reward-Dependent Spatial Selectivity of Anticipatory Activity in
... General anesthesia was then induced by intravenous injection of pentobarbital sodium (5 mg/kg/h). Surgical procedures were conducted under aseptic conditions. After exposing the skull, 15–20 acrylic screws were bolted into it and fixed with dental acrylic resin. The screws served as anchors by which ...
... General anesthesia was then induced by intravenous injection of pentobarbital sodium (5 mg/kg/h). Surgical procedures were conducted under aseptic conditions. After exposing the skull, 15–20 acrylic screws were bolted into it and fixed with dental acrylic resin. The screws served as anchors by which ...
Development of Subcellular mRNA Compartmentation in
... of particular mRNAs into dendrites, which together create the capacity for local synthesis of particular proteins, play a key role in establishing the molecular domains that allow dendrites to function as they do. Given the fact that RNA sorting and transport mechanisms are such prominent features o ...
... of particular mRNAs into dendrites, which together create the capacity for local synthesis of particular proteins, play a key role in establishing the molecular domains that allow dendrites to function as they do. Given the fact that RNA sorting and transport mechanisms are such prominent features o ...
empathize with fictional characters
... we performed (Rizzolatti and Craighero 2004). These cells may enable our capacity to put ourselves into somebody else’s shoes. At the beginning of the last century, Theodor Lipps proposed a concept of empathy, or Einfuhlung, according to which we achieve the ability to share and understand the emoti ...
... we performed (Rizzolatti and Craighero 2004). These cells may enable our capacity to put ourselves into somebody else’s shoes. At the beginning of the last century, Theodor Lipps proposed a concept of empathy, or Einfuhlung, according to which we achieve the ability to share and understand the emoti ...
the superior Olivary complex
... In contrast, the spike rate modulation transfer functions to intensity and depth is primarily band pass in shape. The spike rate is non-monotonic with sound level and monotonic with modulation depth (Figure 7–10F). A common view of the role of inhibition is that it attenuates or suppresses post-syna ...
... In contrast, the spike rate modulation transfer functions to intensity and depth is primarily band pass in shape. The spike rate is non-monotonic with sound level and monotonic with modulation depth (Figure 7–10F). A common view of the role of inhibition is that it attenuates or suppresses post-syna ...
PINP: A New Method of Tagging Neuronal Populations
... Neural circuits are exquisitely organized, consisting of many different neuronal subpopulations. However, it is difficult to assess the functional roles of these subpopulations using conventional extracellular recording techniques because these techniques do not easily distinguish spikes from differ ...
... Neural circuits are exquisitely organized, consisting of many different neuronal subpopulations. However, it is difficult to assess the functional roles of these subpopulations using conventional extracellular recording techniques because these techniques do not easily distinguish spikes from differ ...
VALUE-DEPENDENT SELECTION IN THE BRAIN: SIMULATION IN
... to the value system itself was shown to significantly improve behavioral performance. This plasticity also allowed learning of a simulated auditory discrimination task when a visual stimulus was used as a secondary reinforcer, even when the visual stimulus proper did not elicit any intrinsic or inna ...
... to the value system itself was shown to significantly improve behavioral performance. This plasticity also allowed learning of a simulated auditory discrimination task when a visual stimulus was used as a secondary reinforcer, even when the visual stimulus proper did not elicit any intrinsic or inna ...
How the brain uses time to represent and process visual information
... For both D spike and D interval , we examined a wide range of values for q, since neural coincidence-detectors with precisions ranging from milliseconds to seconds have been identified [10], and the range of timescales for which firing rates influence synaptic efficacy is also large. Fortunately, th ...
... For both D spike and D interval , we examined a wide range of values for q, since neural coincidence-detectors with precisions ranging from milliseconds to seconds have been identified [10], and the range of timescales for which firing rates influence synaptic efficacy is also large. Fortunately, th ...
Effects of acetylcholine on neuronal properties in entorhinal cortex James G. Heys
... there are neurons in the MSDB that express a range of classical neurotransmitters and neurohormones, this review focuses on the population of putative cholinergic neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the separate population of GABAergic neurons expressing GAD, which together compr ...
... there are neurons in the MSDB that express a range of classical neurotransmitters and neurohormones, this review focuses on the population of putative cholinergic neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the separate population of GABAergic neurons expressing GAD, which together compr ...
Anatomical origins of the classical receptive field and modulatory
... response.Fit, direct thalamic input can determine the size of the initial activating RF at high contrast. Second lateral connections can enlarge the RF at low contrast by pooling information from larger regions of cortex that are otherwise ineft%ctive when high contrast thalamic inpnt is driving the ...
... response.Fit, direct thalamic input can determine the size of the initial activating RF at high contrast. Second lateral connections can enlarge the RF at low contrast by pooling information from larger regions of cortex that are otherwise ineft%ctive when high contrast thalamic inpnt is driving the ...
Effects of excess vitamin B6 intake on cerebral cortex neurons in rat
... Experiments on excess of vitamin B6 have been inadequate up to now. Many studies dealing with administration of different daily doses of excess vitamin B6 have suggested that the excess of this vitamin affects the brain and serum concentrations of some amino acids and cortical serotonin receptors [3 ...
... Experiments on excess of vitamin B6 have been inadequate up to now. Many studies dealing with administration of different daily doses of excess vitamin B6 have suggested that the excess of this vitamin affects the brain and serum concentrations of some amino acids and cortical serotonin receptors [3 ...
Article - Leslie Vosshall - The Rockefeller University
... the ventral antennal lobe (Scott et al., 2001). The Drosophila CO2 circuit is ideal for studying odor-evoked plasticity because Gr21a-expressing OSNs are the only neurons in the fly that respond to CO2 (Suh et al., 2004), and they do not respond to any other stimuli (de Bruyne et al., 2001). In this ...
... the ventral antennal lobe (Scott et al., 2001). The Drosophila CO2 circuit is ideal for studying odor-evoked plasticity because Gr21a-expressing OSNs are the only neurons in the fly that respond to CO2 (Suh et al., 2004), and they do not respond to any other stimuli (de Bruyne et al., 2001). In this ...
Use of an Amino-Cupric-Silver Technique for the Detection of Early
... stored in fixative for 2-3 days. Good results, however, have been obtained in sections that have been postfixed for only 25 h or at the other extreme for 2-3 months in a refrigerator (4°C). The postfixation eventually suppresses normal fiber staining; at 24 h some normal fibers will be stained, whil ...
... stored in fixative for 2-3 days. Good results, however, have been obtained in sections that have been postfixed for only 25 h or at the other extreme for 2-3 months in a refrigerator (4°C). The postfixation eventually suppresses normal fiber staining; at 24 h some normal fibers will be stained, whil ...
A neurocomputational model of the mammalian fear
... their functions [37]. It is a particularly interesting case study because of how well linked it is to learning and memory; fearful experiences have a strong effect on an animal’s future behaviour [37]. This link provides a potential avenue of investigation into how low-level reward and punishment sys ...
... their functions [37]. It is a particularly interesting case study because of how well linked it is to learning and memory; fearful experiences have a strong effect on an animal’s future behaviour [37]. This link provides a potential avenue of investigation into how low-level reward and punishment sys ...
From/To LTM - Ohio University
... building in human neocortex. Neurons on different layers of minicolumns are proposed to have specific function in the interaction between STM and LTM. When retrieving information from LTM to STM, particular layer of neurons receives stimulation from LTM. When storing information from STM to LT ...
... building in human neocortex. Neurons on different layers of minicolumns are proposed to have specific function in the interaction between STM and LTM. When retrieving information from LTM to STM, particular layer of neurons receives stimulation from LTM. When storing information from STM to LT ...
Mirror neurons or emulator neurons?
... activations in these studies, because there was no way to figure out the intention of the actor from the action alone. The researchers in both studies made sure that, whatever the intention in the observed action would have been, the perceptual and motor properties of the initial action (grasping) w ...
... activations in these studies, because there was no way to figure out the intention of the actor from the action alone. The researchers in both studies made sure that, whatever the intention in the observed action would have been, the perceptual and motor properties of the initial action (grasping) w ...
A Fast, Reciprocal Pathway between the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
... in oxygen). Temperature, expired CO2, electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), heart rate, and arterial oxygen saturation were monitored continuously. Proper anesthetic depth was assessed by monitoring the EEG for changes in slow-wave/spindle activity and the ECG and expired CO2. If chan ...
... in oxygen). Temperature, expired CO2, electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), heart rate, and arterial oxygen saturation were monitored continuously. Proper anesthetic depth was assessed by monitoring the EEG for changes in slow-wave/spindle activity and the ECG and expired CO2. If chan ...
Molecular Underpinnings of Motor Pattern Generation: Differential
... diameter of the soma was largest and the membrane was most intensely stained. C ells were then cut out with the scissor tool and removed to a new N IH worksheet. A single representative slice was taken for each identified neuron. All identified cells from one ganglion were placed on the same workshe ...
... diameter of the soma was largest and the membrane was most intensely stained. C ells were then cut out with the scissor tool and removed to a new N IH worksheet. A single representative slice was taken for each identified neuron. All identified cells from one ganglion were placed on the same workshe ...
View/Open - Minerva Access
... these units into circuits that can perform logic operations, we identify the different ways in which operations can be initiated and manipulated by top-down feedback. We demonstrate that more sophisticated and flexible top-down control is possible when the gain of units is modulated by two mechanism ...
... these units into circuits that can perform logic operations, we identify the different ways in which operations can be initiated and manipulated by top-down feedback. We demonstrate that more sophisticated and flexible top-down control is possible when the gain of units is modulated by two mechanism ...
Self-referential forces are sufficient to explain different dendritic
... the specified surface area. The required neurite stems (soma branches) are created by iteratively sampling a random direction from the soma, calculating the angle to all other stems, and adaptively decreasing the minimum angle until an appropriate set of angles, and number of stems, is achieved. The ...
... the specified surface area. The required neurite stems (soma branches) are created by iteratively sampling a random direction from the soma, calculating the angle to all other stems, and adaptively decreasing the minimum angle until an appropriate set of angles, and number of stems, is achieved. The ...
Morphology and Physiology of the Cerebellar Vestibulolateral Lobe
... prevailing views derived from mammalian species have centered around either intrinsic changes within the cerebellum (Raymond and Lisberger 1998) through the mechanisms of long-term depression and potentiation (Boyden et al. 2004; Ito 1989) or, in more recent years, multiple plasticity mechanisms/ si ...
... prevailing views derived from mammalian species have centered around either intrinsic changes within the cerebellum (Raymond and Lisberger 1998) through the mechanisms of long-term depression and potentiation (Boyden et al. 2004; Ito 1989) or, in more recent years, multiple plasticity mechanisms/ si ...
The Stress-Induced Atf3-Gelsolin Cascade Underlies
... Arc, have been implicated in the synaptic deficits associated with autism (Auerbach et al., 2011; Gkogkas et al., 2013; EbrahimiFakhari and Sahin, 2015); however, systematic translational profiling in these mTOR pathology disease models is lacking. TSC is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder c ...
... Arc, have been implicated in the synaptic deficits associated with autism (Auerbach et al., 2011; Gkogkas et al., 2013; EbrahimiFakhari and Sahin, 2015); however, systematic translational profiling in these mTOR pathology disease models is lacking. TSC is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder c ...
Cognon Neural Model Software Verification and
... intelligently act on their data. The company was founded by Jeff Hawkins, who previously founded the Redwood Neuroscience Institute, a scientific institute focused on understanding how the neocortex processes information. In 2004 he wrote the book On Intelligence [12], which describes the progress o ...
... intelligently act on their data. The company was founded by Jeff Hawkins, who previously founded the Redwood Neuroscience Institute, a scientific institute focused on understanding how the neocortex processes information. In 2004 he wrote the book On Intelligence [12], which describes the progress o ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.