Corticofugal Amplification of Subcortical Responses to Single Tone
... mediate a highly focused positive feedback, incorporated with widespread lateral inhibition, via corticofugal projections. Therefore an inhibitory or excitatory corticofugal effect depends on a topographic relationship between cortical and subcortical neurons (Yan and Suga 1996; Zhang et al. 1997). ...
... mediate a highly focused positive feedback, incorporated with widespread lateral inhibition, via corticofugal projections. Therefore an inhibitory or excitatory corticofugal effect depends on a topographic relationship between cortical and subcortical neurons (Yan and Suga 1996; Zhang et al. 1997). ...
Increased responses in trigeminocervical nociceptive neurons to cervical input after
... suboccipital muscles and the responses to electrical stimulation of the GON were tested every 10 min for the ®rst hour and then every 20 min. Electrical GON stimulation consisted of trains of 20 stimuli (0.5±1 Hz) starting at least 30 min prior to any conditioning stimulus. Responses to electrical s ...
... suboccipital muscles and the responses to electrical stimulation of the GON were tested every 10 min for the ®rst hour and then every 20 min. Electrical GON stimulation consisted of trains of 20 stimuli (0.5±1 Hz) starting at least 30 min prior to any conditioning stimulus. Responses to electrical s ...
Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of
... (VOCCs) [58,72]. MCNs express several types of VOCCs [73], but the N-type channels appear to be particularly important for dendritic release. Although the current carried by N-type channels is comparatively small in the somata of MCNs compared with the other VOCC types or indeed the whole-cell Ca2þ ...
... (VOCCs) [58,72]. MCNs express several types of VOCCs [73], but the N-type channels appear to be particularly important for dendritic release. Although the current carried by N-type channels is comparatively small in the somata of MCNs compared with the other VOCC types or indeed the whole-cell Ca2þ ...
Histamine reduces firing and bursting of anterior and intralaminar
... recovery). Neurons that changed their discharge rate by more than 25% (or at least by 0.5 impulses per s when firing at a rate below 1 spike per s) during at least one response period were regarded as being responsive to the applied drug. The prevailing direction of changes in all neurons of one pop ...
... recovery). Neurons that changed their discharge rate by more than 25% (or at least by 0.5 impulses per s when firing at a rate below 1 spike per s) during at least one response period were regarded as being responsive to the applied drug. The prevailing direction of changes in all neurons of one pop ...
Review. Multiple signaling modalities mediated by dendritic
... (VOCCs) [58,72]. MCNs express several types of VOCCs [73], but the N-type channels appear to be particularly important for dendritic release. Although the current carried by N-type channels is comparatively small in the somata of MCNs compared with the other VOCC types or indeed the whole-cell Ca2þ ...
... (VOCCs) [58,72]. MCNs express several types of VOCCs [73], but the N-type channels appear to be particularly important for dendritic release. Although the current carried by N-type channels is comparatively small in the somata of MCNs compared with the other VOCC types or indeed the whole-cell Ca2þ ...
A Physiologically Plausible Model of Action Selection
... (1) The striatum is considered the princi- pathway). Glutamatergic cells of the STN send excitatory projections to the GP and the SNr/EP, contributing to both the tonic activity pal input nucleus of the BG, receiving exten- of the SNr/EP cells and the activity within the control pathway. sive input ...
... (1) The striatum is considered the princi- pathway). Glutamatergic cells of the STN send excitatory projections to the GP and the SNr/EP, contributing to both the tonic activity pal input nucleus of the BG, receiving exten- of the SNr/EP cells and the activity within the control pathway. sive input ...
Association of type I neurons positive for NADPH
... In addition to the sparsely scattered NADPHd neurons within the corpus callosum, positive neurons were evident along both the dorsal and ventral margins. These were less sparsely distributed (Figures 1 and 3); but since we consider these as a separate subpopulation, on the grounds of location and or ...
... In addition to the sparsely scattered NADPHd neurons within the corpus callosum, positive neurons were evident along both the dorsal and ventral margins. These were less sparsely distributed (Figures 1 and 3); but since we consider these as a separate subpopulation, on the grounds of location and or ...
UNC-119 suppresses axon branching
... crossed with unc-119(ed3) to generate EG1322: unc-119(ed3)III; lin15(n765ts) oxIs12 X. We generated an unc-119(e2498)III; lin15(n765ts) oxIs12 X (EG1705) strain and confirmed that the axon outgrowth phenotype of unc-119(e2498) was similar to that of unc119(ed3). The experiments described in this pap ...
... crossed with unc-119(ed3) to generate EG1322: unc-119(ed3)III; lin15(n765ts) oxIs12 X. We generated an unc-119(e2498)III; lin15(n765ts) oxIs12 X (EG1705) strain and confirmed that the axon outgrowth phenotype of unc-119(e2498) was similar to that of unc119(ed3). The experiments described in this pap ...
Table of Contents
... potential (PSP) – Not all-or-none – Changes the probability of the postsynaptic neuron firing ...
... potential (PSP) – Not all-or-none – Changes the probability of the postsynaptic neuron firing ...
Axonal Membranes and Their Domains: Assembly and Function of
... (CK2; Bréchet et al., 2008) and βIV spectrin-actin cytoskeletal proteins (Komada and Soriano, 2002; Yang et al., 2007; Figure 1). Work from Gary Banker and others with cultured hippocampal neurons has established the nomenclature for stages of neuronal development (Dotti et al., 1988). At the start ...
... (CK2; Bréchet et al., 2008) and βIV spectrin-actin cytoskeletal proteins (Komada and Soriano, 2002; Yang et al., 2007; Figure 1). Work from Gary Banker and others with cultured hippocampal neurons has established the nomenclature for stages of neuronal development (Dotti et al., 1988). At the start ...
A Dendritic Disinhibitory Circuit Mechanism for Pathway
... cally disinhibiting the branches targeted by this pathway (Fig. 1c), i.e. by a disinhibition pattern ...
... cally disinhibiting the branches targeted by this pathway (Fig. 1c), i.e. by a disinhibition pattern ...
Thalamic Circuit Diversity: Modulation of the Driver/Modulator
... FIGURE 2 | Schematic summary of synaptic terminals types and their arrangements in the dorsal thalamus. Class I axons (Guillery, 1966) form small terminals with round vesicles (RS; Guillery, 1969) that are defined as modulators (Sherman and Guillery, 1998). RS terminals that originate from cortex la ...
... FIGURE 2 | Schematic summary of synaptic terminals types and their arrangements in the dorsal thalamus. Class I axons (Guillery, 1966) form small terminals with round vesicles (RS; Guillery, 1969) that are defined as modulators (Sherman and Guillery, 1998). RS terminals that originate from cortex la ...
Chapter 3 - University of South Alabama
... _____________ synapse – the net flow of ions make the cell less negative or depolarized. _____________ synapse – the net flow of ions make the cell more negative or hyperpolarized. Revision 2006 PSB ...
... _____________ synapse – the net flow of ions make the cell less negative or depolarized. _____________ synapse – the net flow of ions make the cell more negative or hyperpolarized. Revision 2006 PSB ...
Propagation of cortical synfire activity: survival probability in single
... Toyama & Smith, 1991). 3.5. Synaptic background activity It has long ago been suggested that the large ¯uctuations of the membrane potential, exhibited by neurons under in vivo conditions, can be accounted for by the varying number of synaptic events impinging on a neuron at any time (Calvin & Steve ...
... Toyama & Smith, 1991). 3.5. Synaptic background activity It has long ago been suggested that the large ¯uctuations of the membrane potential, exhibited by neurons under in vivo conditions, can be accounted for by the varying number of synaptic events impinging on a neuron at any time (Calvin & Steve ...
A simulation of parahippocampal and hippocampal structures guiding spatial navigation of
... calcium induced desensitization of the current, or by calcium activation of other currents such as the calcium-activated potassium current. FIGURE 3 ABOUT HERE As the virtual rat moves through the environment, place cell representations in entorhinal cortex layer II are sequentially activated. The i ...
... calcium induced desensitization of the current, or by calcium activation of other currents such as the calcium-activated potassium current. FIGURE 3 ABOUT HERE As the virtual rat moves through the environment, place cell representations in entorhinal cortex layer II are sequentially activated. The i ...
PRINCIPLES OF NEUROBIOLOGY CHAPTER 6
... stimulus, then that pattern of action potentials is considered ‘signal’: it contains information about the presence of a stimulus. On the other hand, if the firing pattern of a neuron is not dependent on the presence of a stimulus, then that neuron’s firing contains no information about the presenc ...
... stimulus, then that pattern of action potentials is considered ‘signal’: it contains information about the presence of a stimulus. On the other hand, if the firing pattern of a neuron is not dependent on the presence of a stimulus, then that neuron’s firing contains no information about the presenc ...
Behavioral verification of associative learning in whisker
... to a tactile CS can also be accomplished. The whisker-to-barrel tactile system in mice offers a convenient way to investigate the brain pathways and mechanisms of learning and plasticity of the cerebral cortex. To support the claim that an animal learns during conditioning sessions and that the resu ...
... to a tactile CS can also be accomplished. The whisker-to-barrel tactile system in mice offers a convenient way to investigate the brain pathways and mechanisms of learning and plasticity of the cerebral cortex. To support the claim that an animal learns during conditioning sessions and that the resu ...
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... zone et al. 1992a,b). In all of these cases, experience-dependent plasticity is specific to the stimuli that were attended to during behavior and passive exposure does not cause enduring changes in neuronal responses (Recanzone et al. 1993; Weinberger 1998; Weinberger and Bakin 1998). These results ...
... zone et al. 1992a,b). In all of these cases, experience-dependent plasticity is specific to the stimuli that were attended to during behavior and passive exposure does not cause enduring changes in neuronal responses (Recanzone et al. 1993; Weinberger 1998; Weinberger and Bakin 1998). These results ...
A behavioral switch: cGMP and PKC signaling in olfactory neurons
... Despite strong innate preferences, chemosensory behaviors of C. elegans can be altered by adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as li ...
... Despite strong innate preferences, chemosensory behaviors of C. elegans can be altered by adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as li ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... rats can identify tastants in !200 ms, although the electrophysiological correlates for fast tastant detection have not been identified. For this reason, we investigated whether neurons in the primary gustatory cortex (GC), a cortical area necessary for tastant identification and discrimination, con ...
... rats can identify tastants in !200 ms, although the electrophysiological correlates for fast tastant detection have not been identified. For this reason, we investigated whether neurons in the primary gustatory cortex (GC), a cortical area necessary for tastant identification and discrimination, con ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... rats can identify tastants in ⬃200 ms, although the electrophysiological correlates for fast tastant detection have not been identified. For this reason, we investigated whether neurons in the primary gustatory cortex (GC), a cortical area necessary for tastant identification and discrimination, con ...
... rats can identify tastants in ⬃200 ms, although the electrophysiological correlates for fast tastant detection have not been identified. For this reason, we investigated whether neurons in the primary gustatory cortex (GC), a cortical area necessary for tastant identification and discrimination, con ...
Grasping the Intentions of Others with One`s Own Mirror Neuron
... away? The aim of the present study is to investigate the neural basis of intention understanding in this sense and, more specifically, the role played by the human mirror neuron system in this type of intention understanding. The term ‘‘intention’’ will be always used in this specific sense, to indica ...
... away? The aim of the present study is to investigate the neural basis of intention understanding in this sense and, more specifically, the role played by the human mirror neuron system in this type of intention understanding. The term ‘‘intention’’ will be always used in this specific sense, to indica ...
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... Gde2 is required for the generation of deep-layer cortical neurons Laminar-specific cortical neurons can be distinguished through their expression of distinct transcription factors that control cortical neuronal identities and their properties, such as cell body settling positions and axonal traject ...
... Gde2 is required for the generation of deep-layer cortical neurons Laminar-specific cortical neurons can be distinguished through their expression of distinct transcription factors that control cortical neuronal identities and their properties, such as cell body settling positions and axonal traject ...
CONTROL OF FOOD INTAKE: NEUROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS S
... needs of body tissues. Within this perspective of energy homeostasis, food intake is influenced by hunger and satiety, the biological mechanisms that couple eating with internal caloric supplies and a stable body weight. Since the pioneering work by Hetherington and Ranson (1940), it has been well e ...
... needs of body tissues. Within this perspective of energy homeostasis, food intake is influenced by hunger and satiety, the biological mechanisms that couple eating with internal caloric supplies and a stable body weight. Since the pioneering work by Hetherington and Ranson (1940), it has been well e ...
Predicting spike timing of neocortical pyramidal neurons by simple
... variability in spike count seems to be a partially correlated background input from other parts of the cortical network (Gawne and Richmond, 1993; Arieli et al., 1996; Bair et al., 2001; Steriade et al., 2001; Destexhe et al., 2003; De Weese and Zador, 2004). Correlations in the background input cou ...
... variability in spike count seems to be a partially correlated background input from other parts of the cortical network (Gawne and Richmond, 1993; Arieli et al., 1996; Bair et al., 2001; Steriade et al., 2001; Destexhe et al., 2003; De Weese and Zador, 2004). Correlations in the background input cou ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.