Synaptic Pruning in Development: A Novel Account in Neural Terms
... is observed throughout widespread brain regions including cortical areas (visual [Bourgeois and Rakic, 1993, Huttenlocher et al., 1982], motor and associative [Huttenlocher, 1979]), cerebellum [J.Takacs and Hamori, 1994], projection bers between hemispheres [Innocenti, 1995] and the dentate gyrus [ ...
... is observed throughout widespread brain regions including cortical areas (visual [Bourgeois and Rakic, 1993, Huttenlocher et al., 1982], motor and associative [Huttenlocher, 1979]), cerebellum [J.Takacs and Hamori, 1994], projection bers between hemispheres [Innocenti, 1995] and the dentate gyrus [ ...
Abstract The cochiear nucleus of the barn owl is composed of two
... where previously there had been none. This was especially true for high frequency neurons. In cases where there is a weak modulation of the period histogram, the criterion of a positive phase shift with increased frequency can be used to discern physiologically related phase locking. This method is ...
... where previously there had been none. This was especially true for high frequency neurons. In cases where there is a weak modulation of the period histogram, the criterion of a positive phase shift with increased frequency can be used to discern physiologically related phase locking. This method is ...
introduction to the Structure and Function of the Nervous System
... CSF flows to the back of the brain, down around which release chemicals known as neurotransthe spinal cord, and then back to the brain, mitters. Neurotransmitters, through chemical where it is reabsorbed into the blood through the means, transfer the impulse from one neuron arachnoid membrane. amoun ...
... CSF flows to the back of the brain, down around which release chemicals known as neurotransthe spinal cord, and then back to the brain, mitters. Neurotransmitters, through chemical where it is reabsorbed into the blood through the means, transfer the impulse from one neuron arachnoid membrane. amoun ...
Neuronal Clusters in the Primate Motor Cortex during Interception of
... identified previously in human subjects. Single-cell activity was recorded from the arm area of the primary motor cortex in these two animals, and the neurons were classified based on the temporal patterns in their activity, using a nonhierarchical cluster analysis. Results of this analysis revealed ...
... identified previously in human subjects. Single-cell activity was recorded from the arm area of the primary motor cortex in these two animals, and the neurons were classified based on the temporal patterns in their activity, using a nonhierarchical cluster analysis. Results of this analysis revealed ...
Axonal Membranes and Their Domains: Assembly and Function of
... of GFP to label neurons in vivo revealed the first noticeable accumulation of ankyrin-G occurs in the proximal axon at approximately P1 after most neurons have migrated to their final destination in layer II/III of the cortex (Galiano et al., 2012). In contrast, Gutzmann et al. (2014) discovered ank ...
... of GFP to label neurons in vivo revealed the first noticeable accumulation of ankyrin-G occurs in the proximal axon at approximately P1 after most neurons have migrated to their final destination in layer II/III of the cortex (Galiano et al., 2012). In contrast, Gutzmann et al. (2014) discovered ank ...
Self-Organizing Feature Maps with Lateral Connections: Modeling
... the cortex, and thereby help form dynamic representations of coherent input areas [16]; (3) by learning correlations in input during development, they can potentially form long-term representations of input regularities such as gestalt rules [19]; and (4) by combining such representations with input ...
... the cortex, and thereby help form dynamic representations of coherent input areas [16]; (3) by learning correlations in input during development, they can potentially form long-term representations of input regularities such as gestalt rules [19]; and (4) by combining such representations with input ...
Neuregulin-1/ErbB4 signaling regulates Kv4.2-mediated - AJP-Cell
... induction. Our data reveal, for the first time, that stimulation of ErbB4 signaling by NRG-1 upregulates the expression of K⫹ channel proteins via activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and plays an important role in neuronal development and maturation. NRG1 does not acutely change IA and dela ...
... induction. Our data reveal, for the first time, that stimulation of ErbB4 signaling by NRG-1 upregulates the expression of K⫹ channel proteins via activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and plays an important role in neuronal development and maturation. NRG1 does not acutely change IA and dela ...
A Neurodynamical cortical model of visual attention and
... cortical visual system to be explored, because it incorporates several aspects of the cortical architecture of the visual systems found in the brain, including the hierarchies present in the ventral or Ôwhat’ visual system, and the backprojections in the ventral and dorsal visual ...
... cortical visual system to be explored, because it incorporates several aspects of the cortical architecture of the visual systems found in the brain, including the hierarchies present in the ventral or Ôwhat’ visual system, and the backprojections in the ventral and dorsal visual ...
Document
... Preganglionic neurons in brain stem and in lateral portion of anterior gray horns of S2–S4 ...
... Preganglionic neurons in brain stem and in lateral portion of anterior gray horns of S2–S4 ...
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... and synchronization is subtle and typically confined to restricted neural populations (238, 630). As a matter of fact, awake behaving states were traditionally characterized by “desynchronized EEG” in contrast to large-amplitude slow oscillations observed in quiet (non-rapid eye movement, non-REM) s ...
... and synchronization is subtle and typically confined to restricted neural populations (238, 630). As a matter of fact, awake behaving states were traditionally characterized by “desynchronized EEG” in contrast to large-amplitude slow oscillations observed in quiet (non-rapid eye movement, non-REM) s ...
Transgenic Mice for Intersectional Targeting of Neural Sensors and
... et al., 2010; Taniguchi et al., 2011). However, cell populations defined by Cre driver lines are often heterogeneous, encompassing multiple brain regions and/or multiple cell types (Harris et al., 2014). Fundamentally, cell types are rarely defined by single genes, but rather by intersectional expre ...
... et al., 2010; Taniguchi et al., 2011). However, cell populations defined by Cre driver lines are often heterogeneous, encompassing multiple brain regions and/or multiple cell types (Harris et al., 2014). Fundamentally, cell types are rarely defined by single genes, but rather by intersectional expre ...
Supranuclear control of ocular motility
... compensation. If head rotations are slow and sustained, visual system can stabilize gaze by producing optokinetic eye movements. Similarly, during linear self-motion or while tracking a small moving target, visually driven smooth pursuit contributes to holding the image steadily on the fovea. The fi ...
... compensation. If head rotations are slow and sustained, visual system can stabilize gaze by producing optokinetic eye movements. Similarly, during linear self-motion or while tracking a small moving target, visually driven smooth pursuit contributes to holding the image steadily on the fovea. The fi ...
Region-specific alterations of A-to-I RNA editing of
... ADAR1 and ADAR2 enzymes revealed developmental control and high transcript levels across nearly all brain regions in adulthood. Co-labeling studies further showed that ADAR1- and ADAR2immunoreactive cells stained positive for neuronal nuclei and negative for GFAP, indicating that both ADAR enzymes s ...
... ADAR1 and ADAR2 enzymes revealed developmental control and high transcript levels across nearly all brain regions in adulthood. Co-labeling studies further showed that ADAR1- and ADAR2immunoreactive cells stained positive for neuronal nuclei and negative for GFAP, indicating that both ADAR enzymes s ...
Central Control of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
... episode when one or more groups of neurons in the network discharge a characteristic pattern of action potentials (528, 529). These phases have been defined as inspiration, postinspiration (passive expiration), and expiration (active expiration). The postinspiratory phase is a period of inspiratory ...
... episode when one or more groups of neurons in the network discharge a characteristic pattern of action potentials (528, 529). These phases have been defined as inspiration, postinspiration (passive expiration), and expiration (active expiration). The postinspiratory phase is a period of inspiratory ...
1№S€EN1>IMÎ PATHWAYS FROM ТИК BRAIN STEM ТО ТИК
... As a preliminary step it was felt necessary to make an analysis of normal material, more in particular of series stained according to Nissl and HÏggqvist ('36). The latter technique, a modification of the Alzheimer Mann methylblue-eosin technique, was introduced in Holland by Verhaart and his school ...
... As a preliminary step it was felt necessary to make an analysis of normal material, more in particular of series stained according to Nissl and HÏggqvist ('36). The latter technique, a modification of the Alzheimer Mann methylblue-eosin technique, was introduced in Holland by Verhaart and his school ...
Neurophysiological and Computational Principles of Cortical
... and synchronization is subtle and typically confined to restricted neural populations (238, 630). As a matter of fact, awake behaving states were traditionally characterized by “desynchronized EEG” in contrast to large-amplitude slow oscillations observed in quiet (non-rapid eye movement, non-REM) s ...
... and synchronization is subtle and typically confined to restricted neural populations (238, 630). As a matter of fact, awake behaving states were traditionally characterized by “desynchronized EEG” in contrast to large-amplitude slow oscillations observed in quiet (non-rapid eye movement, non-REM) s ...
White matter tract alterations in fragile X
... and targeting of axons that link affected brain regions. This, in turn, could influence white matter density and coherence between these areas. To investigate the structure of white matter tracts in fragile X syndrome we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a recently developed magnetic resonance (M ...
... and targeting of axons that link affected brain regions. This, in turn, could influence white matter density and coherence between these areas. To investigate the structure of white matter tracts in fragile X syndrome we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a recently developed magnetic resonance (M ...
Imitation: is cognitive neuroscience solving the correspondence
... As outlined above, generalist theories assume that imitation is based on general purpose learning and motor control mechanisms. They also assume that imitation is achieved by activation of motor representations through observation of action. One would not expect the operation of such a mechanism to ...
... As outlined above, generalist theories assume that imitation is based on general purpose learning and motor control mechanisms. They also assume that imitation is achieved by activation of motor representations through observation of action. One would not expect the operation of such a mechanism to ...
Phosphorylated Tyr142 β-Catenin signaling in axon morphogenesis and centrosomal functions Deepshikha Bhardwaj
... the celebration. But I can never forgive you people for snatching the complete limelight from the bride-groom. The happy and joyful moments (especially Hugo’s sense of humour) shared by all of us during short tea/coffee sessions in bars will always be cherished. “A friend in need is a friend indeed” ...
... the celebration. But I can never forgive you people for snatching the complete limelight from the bride-groom. The happy and joyful moments (especially Hugo’s sense of humour) shared by all of us during short tea/coffee sessions in bars will always be cherished. “A friend in need is a friend indeed” ...
Anatomic Studies on the Superior Colliculus
... tree shrew,2S) 29 and monkey.30 In the monkey, the central seven degrees of the retina does not project to the superior colliculus.30 After removal of one eye, no obvious degeneration can be found in the anterior part of the colliculus either by light14-30 or electron microscopy,14 nor can significa ...
... tree shrew,2S) 29 and monkey.30 In the monkey, the central seven degrees of the retina does not project to the superior colliculus.30 After removal of one eye, no obvious degeneration can be found in the anterior part of the colliculus either by light14-30 or electron microscopy,14 nor can significa ...
Dopamine Deficiency in a Genetic Mouse Model of Lesch
... of male mice of differing ages were measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Because of the difficulty in generating large numbers of mice simultaneously for a longitudinal study, animals were culled at random from different litters. Each symbol represents the monoamine concentration in the ...
... of male mice of differing ages were measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Because of the difficulty in generating large numbers of mice simultaneously for a longitudinal study, animals were culled at random from different litters. Each symbol represents the monoamine concentration in the ...
Slide 1
... FIGURE 11.8 Dendritic excitability and synaptic plasticity. (A) Blocking backpropagating action potentials with dendritic application of TTX prevents the induction of LTP by pairing EPSPs with action potential firing. (a) CA1 pyramidal neuron filled with a Ca 2+-sensitive dye showing approximate lo ...
... FIGURE 11.8 Dendritic excitability and synaptic plasticity. (A) Blocking backpropagating action potentials with dendritic application of TTX prevents the induction of LTP by pairing EPSPs with action potential firing. (a) CA1 pyramidal neuron filled with a Ca 2+-sensitive dye showing approximate lo ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... activity is too low, distractible and anxious if LC activity is too high, but optimally attentive and aroused with intermediate levels of activity. NE tone is clearly linked to cognition as LC neurons in monkeys fire phasically in response to a salient stimulus that signals a reward such as food, bu ...
... activity is too low, distractible and anxious if LC activity is too high, but optimally attentive and aroused with intermediate levels of activity. NE tone is clearly linked to cognition as LC neurons in monkeys fire phasically in response to a salient stimulus that signals a reward such as food, bu ...
Behavioral and Neural Changes after Gains and Losses of
... were further tested in separate blocks in which the gain, neutral, and loss outcomes were signaled by gray, blue, and orange feedback rings, respectively. After juice delivery, the animal received two to four free tokens at the onset of the next trial. The outcome of the animal’s choice in a given t ...
... were further tested in separate blocks in which the gain, neutral, and loss outcomes were signaled by gray, blue, and orange feedback rings, respectively. After juice delivery, the animal received two to four free tokens at the onset of the next trial. The outcome of the animal’s choice in a given t ...
The Control of Voluntary Eye Movements: New Perspectives
... and cognitive processing capabilities of the primate central nervous system. The importance of these higher order processes, and the complexity of the underlying mechanisms, pose both challenges and opportunities for using voluntary eye movements as a model for understanding the neural circuits invo ...
... and cognitive processing capabilities of the primate central nervous system. The importance of these higher order processes, and the complexity of the underlying mechanisms, pose both challenges and opportunities for using voluntary eye movements as a model for understanding the neural circuits invo ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.