Study Objectives
... 4. Identify the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system. Distinguish these subdivisions based on anatomy, neurochemistry and function. 5. List the five main subdivisions of the human brain. Identify one or two structures found in each subdivision. 6. Name the four cerebral lobes and identif ...
... 4. Identify the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system. Distinguish these subdivisions based on anatomy, neurochemistry and function. 5. List the five main subdivisions of the human brain. Identify one or two structures found in each subdivision. 6. Name the four cerebral lobes and identif ...
Expectancies in decision making, reinforcement
... generate and evaluate potentially rich outcome expectancies. Animal learning studies indicate that expectancies may arise from different sources, including not only forward models but also Pavlovian associations, and the flexibility with which such representations impact behavior may depend on how t ...
... generate and evaluate potentially rich outcome expectancies. Animal learning studies indicate that expectancies may arise from different sources, including not only forward models but also Pavlovian associations, and the flexibility with which such representations impact behavior may depend on how t ...
Reuss 9..48
... it should be noted that a number of methodical parameters render it difficult to draw final conclusions on certain aspects of SCN morphology. For example, day-night differences in the expression of neuroactive substances may not or only inadequately be detected when respective changes were out of ph ...
... it should be noted that a number of methodical parameters render it difficult to draw final conclusions on certain aspects of SCN morphology. For example, day-night differences in the expression of neuroactive substances may not or only inadequately be detected when respective changes were out of ph ...
Spinal cord
... • Spinal cord anatomy in cross section (continued) • Spinal nerve • Contains axons of both sensory and motor neurons • Sensory enter CNS through dorsal root ...
... • Spinal cord anatomy in cross section (continued) • Spinal nerve • Contains axons of both sensory and motor neurons • Sensory enter CNS through dorsal root ...
Spinal Cord Terminations of the Medial Wall Motor Areas in
... processes, and tissue landmarks (e.g., blood vessels, spinal lamina, cortical cytoarchitecture) were plotted and stored using a computerized charting system (Minnesota Datametrics). This system uses optical encoders to sense x-y movements of the microscope stage and stores the coordinates of charted ...
... processes, and tissue landmarks (e.g., blood vessels, spinal lamina, cortical cytoarchitecture) were plotted and stored using a computerized charting system (Minnesota Datametrics). This system uses optical encoders to sense x-y movements of the microscope stage and stores the coordinates of charted ...
AN INTEGRATIVE THEORY OF LOCUS
... phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is driven by the outcome of task-related decision processes and is proposed to facilitate ensuing behaviors and to help optimize task performance (exploitation). When utility in the task wanes, LC neurons exhibit a tonic activity mode, associated with disengage ...
... phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is driven by the outcome of task-related decision processes and is proposed to facilitate ensuing behaviors and to help optimize task performance (exploitation). When utility in the task wanes, LC neurons exhibit a tonic activity mode, associated with disengage ...
A neural theory of speech acquisition and production
... commands to the primary motor cortex. It is this feedforward control of speech sounds via neurons in the speech sound map that we liken to the activity of mirror neurons during action production. In addition to driving the complex articulator movements required to produce speech sounds, neurons in t ...
... commands to the primary motor cortex. It is this feedforward control of speech sounds via neurons in the speech sound map that we liken to the activity of mirror neurons during action production. In addition to driving the complex articulator movements required to produce speech sounds, neurons in t ...
PROJECTIONS OF THE AMYGDALOID BODY TO THE INSULAR
... According to Krettek and Price (5), the lateral nucleus in the cat projects only to the posterior part of the agranular insular cortex, these connections arising only in the ventral part of the lateral nucleus. Mufson et al. (9) obsewed in Macacca the labeling of lateral nucleus neurons after the ad ...
... According to Krettek and Price (5), the lateral nucleus in the cat projects only to the posterior part of the agranular insular cortex, these connections arising only in the ventral part of the lateral nucleus. Mufson et al. (9) obsewed in Macacca the labeling of lateral nucleus neurons after the ad ...
During Arm-Reaching and Isometric-Force Tasks
... the activity of many M1 neurons was modulated both by the direction in which the arm was pulled by the external forces and by the direction of movement and the static posture of the arm during unloaded arm movements. Furthermore, the directionality of arm movement– dependent and load-dependent respo ...
... the activity of many M1 neurons was modulated both by the direction in which the arm was pulled by the external forces and by the direction of movement and the static posture of the arm during unloaded arm movements. Furthermore, the directionality of arm movement– dependent and load-dependent respo ...
Tang et al - Pro Aid Autisme
... While ASDs exhibit striking genetic and clinical heterogeneity, multiple ASD syndromes are caused by mutations in genes that act to inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, including Tsc1/Tsc2, NF1, and Pten (Bourgeron, 2009). Synaptic mTOR integrates signaling from various ASD synaptic ...
... While ASDs exhibit striking genetic and clinical heterogeneity, multiple ASD syndromes are caused by mutations in genes that act to inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, including Tsc1/Tsc2, NF1, and Pten (Bourgeron, 2009). Synaptic mTOR integrates signaling from various ASD synaptic ...
striatum
... The ventral striatum = nucleus accumbens and adjacent caudate nucleus and putamen The reward- related striatum is defined also by projections from orbitofrontal and anterior cingular cortex and by projections from limbic structures (hippocampus, amygdala) 22 % of the striatum The nc. accumbens may p ...
... The ventral striatum = nucleus accumbens and adjacent caudate nucleus and putamen The reward- related striatum is defined also by projections from orbitofrontal and anterior cingular cortex and by projections from limbic structures (hippocampus, amygdala) 22 % of the striatum The nc. accumbens may p ...
Dokument_1 - KLUEDO - Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
... The SOC is the first station where the information from both ears converges (review: Illing et al., 2000). It consists of several nuclei, and the main ones are the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), the medial superior olive (MSO), the lateral superior olive (LSO), and the superior paraoli ...
... The SOC is the first station where the information from both ears converges (review: Illing et al., 2000). It consists of several nuclei, and the main ones are the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), the medial superior olive (MSO), the lateral superior olive (LSO), and the superior paraoli ...
Hippocampus, 22, 1703-1719
... Learning-dependent AHP plasticity has been repeatedly reported in multiple species following acquisition of several different multitrial tasks. In the earliest example, decreases in peak AHP amplitude of rabbit CA1 pyramidal neurons from trained animals after delay eyeblink conditioning (EBC) were r ...
... Learning-dependent AHP plasticity has been repeatedly reported in multiple species following acquisition of several different multitrial tasks. In the earliest example, decreases in peak AHP amplitude of rabbit CA1 pyramidal neurons from trained animals after delay eyeblink conditioning (EBC) were r ...
Neurotransmitter Transporters
... Transporters are found in neurons and glial cells The localization of these different transporters has been investigated systematically using subtype-selective antibodies. These immunocytochemical studies have reinforced some of the conclusions obtained through autoradiography, namely that transporte ...
... Transporters are found in neurons and glial cells The localization of these different transporters has been investigated systematically using subtype-selective antibodies. These immunocytochemical studies have reinforced some of the conclusions obtained through autoradiography, namely that transporte ...
High-frequency stimulation in Parkinson`s disease: more
... of GABAergic inhibitory afferents to STN neurons. A depolarizing block means that the membrane is so depolarized that spikes become smaller and smaller and finally can no longer be evoked, owing to inactivation of the voltage-gated NaC current. Filali et al. [24] and Tai et al. [27] have excluded th ...
... of GABAergic inhibitory afferents to STN neurons. A depolarizing block means that the membrane is so depolarized that spikes become smaller and smaller and finally can no longer be evoked, owing to inactivation of the voltage-gated NaC current. Filali et al. [24] and Tai et al. [27] have excluded th ...
Central Control of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems and
... episode when one or more groups of neurons in the network discharge a characteristic pattern of action potentials (528, 529). These phases have been defined as inspiration, postinspiration (passive expiration), and expiration (active expiration). The postinspiratory phase is a period of inspiratory ...
... episode when one or more groups of neurons in the network discharge a characteristic pattern of action potentials (528, 529). These phases have been defined as inspiration, postinspiration (passive expiration), and expiration (active expiration). The postinspiratory phase is a period of inspiratory ...
Heading: Sensory Deprivation in Humans, Mice, and History Caleb B. Carson Running Head: Sensory Deprivation
... pelagic hair, but, like other hairs, the shaft consists of an inert material called keratin, and contains no nerves. Contrastly, if these vibrissae have no nerves, how can they be used for tactile sensory? The answer is that they grow from a special hair follicle, incorporating a capsule of blood ...
... pelagic hair, but, like other hairs, the shaft consists of an inert material called keratin, and contains no nerves. Contrastly, if these vibrissae have no nerves, how can they be used for tactile sensory? The answer is that they grow from a special hair follicle, incorporating a capsule of blood ...
Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance
... mode, associated with disengagement from the current task and a search for alternative behaviors (exploration). Monkey LC receives prominent, direct inputs from the anterior cingulate (ACC) and orbitofrontal cortices (OFC), both of which are thought to monitor task-related utility. We propose that t ...
... mode, associated with disengagement from the current task and a search for alternative behaviors (exploration). Monkey LC receives prominent, direct inputs from the anterior cingulate (ACC) and orbitofrontal cortices (OFC), both of which are thought to monitor task-related utility. We propose that t ...
106th Annual Meeting of the German Zoological Society Abstracts
... difficult task. We show here that even a diurnal dung beetle without any specialisations for dim-light vision can use the moon, the lunar polarisation pattern and even the Milky Way to keep a straight course at night. We compared the orientation performance of the exclusively diurnal Scarabaeus lama ...
... difficult task. We show here that even a diurnal dung beetle without any specialisations for dim-light vision can use the moon, the lunar polarisation pattern and even the Milky Way to keep a straight course at night. We compared the orientation performance of the exclusively diurnal Scarabaeus lama ...
Spinal Cord Motor Activity
... Under normal conditions, a noxious stimulus is required to evoke the flexion reflex; following damage to descending pathways, however, other types of stimulation, such as moderate squeezing of a limb, can produce the same response. Thus, the descending projections to the cord may function, at least ...
... Under normal conditions, a noxious stimulus is required to evoke the flexion reflex; following damage to descending pathways, however, other types of stimulation, such as moderate squeezing of a limb, can produce the same response. Thus, the descending projections to the cord may function, at least ...
BMC Neuroscience
... predominantly neurons in supragranular layers [reviewed in [10-12]]. It has been suggested that geographic distance is a determinant of the existence and relative laminar origin of ipsilateral corticocortical connections [13,14]. In an alternative hypothesis, the pattern of connections depends on th ...
... predominantly neurons in supragranular layers [reviewed in [10-12]]. It has been suggested that geographic distance is a determinant of the existence and relative laminar origin of ipsilateral corticocortical connections [13,14]. In an alternative hypothesis, the pattern of connections depends on th ...
Voltage-Gated Ion Channels and the Propagation of Action
... the postsynaptic cells. Binding of neurotransmitter triggers opening or closing of specific ion channels in the plasma membrane of postsynaptic cells, leading to changes in the membrane potential at this point. A single axon in the central nervous system can synapse with many neurons and induce resp ...
... the postsynaptic cells. Binding of neurotransmitter triggers opening or closing of specific ion channels in the plasma membrane of postsynaptic cells, leading to changes in the membrane potential at this point. A single axon in the central nervous system can synapse with many neurons and induce resp ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.