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Aggression in Drosophila - American Psychological Association
... room for losers to escape from winners by leaving the resourcecontaining area. A small cup containing food that the flies had been reared on was placed in the middle of the chamber, and either a headless mated female or a small dab of freshly ground yeast paste was placed on the food surface as an a ...
... room for losers to escape from winners by leaving the resourcecontaining area. A small cup containing food that the flies had been reared on was placed in the middle of the chamber, and either a headless mated female or a small dab of freshly ground yeast paste was placed on the food surface as an a ...
13-01_pptlect
... • Divided into the superior and inferior colliculi • Superior colliculi – nuclei that act in visual reflexes • Inferior colliculi – nuclei that act in reflexive response to sound ...
... • Divided into the superior and inferior colliculi • Superior colliculi – nuclei that act in visual reflexes • Inferior colliculi – nuclei that act in reflexive response to sound ...
Generation of Theta and Gamma Rhythms in the Hippocampus
... LEUNG, L. S. Generation of theta and gamma rhythms in the hippocampus. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 22(2), 275–290, 1998.—In the behaving rat, theta rhythm was dominant during walking and rapid-eye-movement sleep, while irregular slow activity predominated during immobility and slow-wave sleep. Oscillatory ...
... LEUNG, L. S. Generation of theta and gamma rhythms in the hippocampus. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 22(2), 275–290, 1998.—In the behaving rat, theta rhythm was dominant during walking and rapid-eye-movement sleep, while irregular slow activity predominated during immobility and slow-wave sleep. Oscillatory ...
How Acupuncture works - Chinese Acupuncture Associates on the
... In 2005,Napadow et al compared the effect of electro-AP at 2 Hz or 100Hz ,Manual AP And tactile stimulation at acupoints or non-acupoints on human brain activity responses. They found that electro-AP produced more wide spread fMRI signal than manual-AP Did,low frequency (2 Hz ) produce more signal R ...
... In 2005,Napadow et al compared the effect of electro-AP at 2 Hz or 100Hz ,Manual AP And tactile stimulation at acupoints or non-acupoints on human brain activity responses. They found that electro-AP produced more wide spread fMRI signal than manual-AP Did,low frequency (2 Hz ) produce more signal R ...
(2007) The most superficial sublamina of rat superior colluculus
... without penetrating the dura mater membrane. A microelectrode was introduced into the brain through the cannula. This procedure is as minimally invasive as possible and allows maintenance of sterile conditions throughout as well as very stable recordings. At the end of the experiment, the cannula wa ...
... without penetrating the dura mater membrane. A microelectrode was introduced into the brain through the cannula. This procedure is as minimally invasive as possible and allows maintenance of sterile conditions throughout as well as very stable recordings. At the end of the experiment, the cannula wa ...
Rapid Whole Brain Imaging Of Neural Activities In Freely
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Apr. 28, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/131532. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Apr. 28, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/131532. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
L-Dopa and Brain Serotonin System Dysfunction
... terminals within the striatum accounts for the therapeutic benefits of L-dopa. However, several studies have provided evidence for 5-HT neurons as the main means by which dopamine is synthesized from exogenous L-dopa and released in the striatum, thus accounting for L-dopa’s therapeutic effects on m ...
... terminals within the striatum accounts for the therapeutic benefits of L-dopa. However, several studies have provided evidence for 5-HT neurons as the main means by which dopamine is synthesized from exogenous L-dopa and released in the striatum, thus accounting for L-dopa’s therapeutic effects on m ...
Full Text - Cerebral Cortex
... relation to reward expectancy and compared findings with those of the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) in the monkey. Activity of OFC neurons was examined in a delayed reaction time task where every four trials constituted one block within which three kinds of rewards and no reward were delivered in ...
... relation to reward expectancy and compared findings with those of the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) in the monkey. Activity of OFC neurons was examined in a delayed reaction time task where every four trials constituted one block within which three kinds of rewards and no reward were delivered in ...
The role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes in neurodegenerative
... controlled by a stepwise phosphorylation of p47phox. PKC, which can be activated by multiple pathways, including increased cytosolic Ca2+ levels, is one important kinase responsible for p47phox phosphorylation. Other kinases involved include Akt and MAPKs (ERK1/2 and p38), which can be activated by ...
... controlled by a stepwise phosphorylation of p47phox. PKC, which can be activated by multiple pathways, including increased cytosolic Ca2+ levels, is one important kinase responsible for p47phox phosphorylation. Other kinases involved include Akt and MAPKs (ERK1/2 and p38), which can be activated by ...
Low-Dose Alcohol Consumption Protects against Transient Focal
... Methodology/Principal Findings: C57BL/6 J mice were fed a liquid diet without or with 1% alcohol for 8 weeks, orally treated with rosiglitazone (20 mg/kg/day), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARc)-selective agonist, or GW9662 (3 mg/kg/day), a selective PPARcantagonist, for 2 we ...
... Methodology/Principal Findings: C57BL/6 J mice were fed a liquid diet without or with 1% alcohol for 8 weeks, orally treated with rosiglitazone (20 mg/kg/day), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARc)-selective agonist, or GW9662 (3 mg/kg/day), a selective PPARcantagonist, for 2 we ...
Basal ganglia contributions to motor control: a - Research
... ‘transforms’ the information it receives from cortical and thalamic inputs. Ultimately, this amounts to determining the nature and timing of information encoded in the activity of BG output neurons. Current understanding regarding this point can be summarized as three key facts about the BG circuit ...
... ‘transforms’ the information it receives from cortical and thalamic inputs. Ultimately, this amounts to determining the nature and timing of information encoded in the activity of BG output neurons. Current understanding regarding this point can be summarized as three key facts about the BG circuit ...
as a PDF
... In some species, such as the rat, increased production and release of angiotensin II (ANG II) into the systemic circulation mediates thirst in response to a reduction in the extracellular volume. Central nervous system (CNS)-generated ANG II is also an important thirst inducer, acting as a neurotran ...
... In some species, such as the rat, increased production and release of angiotensin II (ANG II) into the systemic circulation mediates thirst in response to a reduction in the extracellular volume. Central nervous system (CNS)-generated ANG II is also an important thirst inducer, acting as a neurotran ...
Foundations of Physiological Psychology, 7e (Carlson)
... C) lead that person to report the smell of a flower. D) fail to generate a verbal report of the sensory experience. E) have no effect on consciousness or behavior. Answer: D Rationale: A split-brain person who had an odor directed to their right nostril would not be able to repost the smell of that ...
... C) lead that person to report the smell of a flower. D) fail to generate a verbal report of the sensory experience. E) have no effect on consciousness or behavior. Answer: D Rationale: A split-brain person who had an odor directed to their right nostril would not be able to repost the smell of that ...
18. Cranial Nerves
... Effects of damage: inability to rotate eye laterally; at rest – eye rotates medially because of action of antagonistic muscles ...
... Effects of damage: inability to rotate eye laterally; at rest – eye rotates medially because of action of antagonistic muscles ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
Constructivist Framework for Understanding Pain
... person’s psychological experience differs from that of others because she or he creates, and lives with, unique experiential realities. Two persons with identical lesions do not experience the same pain because they do not have identical experiential realities. In preventing or relieving pain, it is ...
... person’s psychological experience differs from that of others because she or he creates, and lives with, unique experiential realities. Two persons with identical lesions do not experience the same pain because they do not have identical experiential realities. In preventing or relieving pain, it is ...
Brain
... enclosed in several layers of connective tissue Endoneurium – wraps each axon Perineurium – wraps a bundle (fascicle) of axons Epineurium – wraps the entire nerve ...
... enclosed in several layers of connective tissue Endoneurium – wraps each axon Perineurium – wraps a bundle (fascicle) of axons Epineurium – wraps the entire nerve ...
the emergence of cerebral asymmetries in early human
... for human speech. This is due, in part, to a strong theoretical bias toward assessing languagerelated functions, but is also due to pragmatic constraints. The dichotic listening procedure is more obviously amenable to infant research than are the lateralized behavioral measures of asymmetries in oth ...
... for human speech. This is due, in part, to a strong theoretical bias toward assessing languagerelated functions, but is also due to pragmatic constraints. The dichotic listening procedure is more obviously amenable to infant research than are the lateralized behavioral measures of asymmetries in oth ...
PDF
... increase in ganglion area (P0.0003). Sections revealed that the bilobed clustering of the ganglia was clearly disrupted in the Ncadherin-depleted placodal cell population (compare Fig. 2D,E). Placodal neurons were markedly more scattered, with concomitant reduction in N-cadherin protein expression ...
... increase in ganglion area (P0.0003). Sections revealed that the bilobed clustering of the ganglia was clearly disrupted in the Ncadherin-depleted placodal cell population (compare Fig. 2D,E). Placodal neurons were markedly more scattered, with concomitant reduction in N-cadherin protein expression ...
PDF of this article
... al. (26) have demonstrated that complete lesioning of the globus pallidus causes a slight increase in the firing rate of subthalamic neurons, which is far less pronounced than the increase observed in animals with nigrostriatal damage. These data suggest that an additional, if not alternative, expla ...
... al. (26) have demonstrated that complete lesioning of the globus pallidus causes a slight increase in the firing rate of subthalamic neurons, which is far less pronounced than the increase observed in animals with nigrostriatal damage. These data suggest that an additional, if not alternative, expla ...
Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster
... The wealth of physiological and biochemical data generated from the lobster olfactory organ has made it an attractive system to investigate underlying molecular events. Candidate gene approaches and small-scale expression profiling efforts have identified components of olfactory transduction pathway ...
... The wealth of physiological and biochemical data generated from the lobster olfactory organ has made it an attractive system to investigate underlying molecular events. Candidate gene approaches and small-scale expression profiling efforts have identified components of olfactory transduction pathway ...
Cln3 Targeted Disruption of the Gene Provides a Mouse Model for Batten Disease
... fingerprint appearance. Inclusions contained subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mutant animals also showed neuropathological abnormalities with loss of certain cortical interneurons and hypertrophy of many interneuron populations in the hippocampus. Finally, as is true in Batten disease patien ...
... fingerprint appearance. Inclusions contained subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mutant animals also showed neuropathological abnormalities with loss of certain cortical interneurons and hypertrophy of many interneuron populations in the hippocampus. Finally, as is true in Batten disease patien ...
Basic Mechanisms Underlying Seizures and Epilepsy
... Kindling model: repeated subconvulsive stimuli resulting in electrical afterdischarges • Eventually lead to stimulation-induced clinical seizures • In some cases, lead to spontaneous seizures (epilepsy) • Applicability to human epilepsy uncertain ...
... Kindling model: repeated subconvulsive stimuli resulting in electrical afterdischarges • Eventually lead to stimulation-induced clinical seizures • In some cases, lead to spontaneous seizures (epilepsy) • Applicability to human epilepsy uncertain ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... performed from the T1-weighted image. (3a) 66 cortical regions with clear anatomical landmarks are created and then (3b) individually subdivided into small regions of interest (ROIs) resulting in 998 ROIs. (4) Whole brain tractography is performed providing an estimate of axonal trajectories across ...
... performed from the T1-weighted image. (3a) 66 cortical regions with clear anatomical landmarks are created and then (3b) individually subdivided into small regions of interest (ROIs) resulting in 998 ROIs. (4) Whole brain tractography is performed providing an estimate of axonal trajectories across ...
Neuroanatomy
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Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.