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Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... performed from the T1-weighted image. (3a) 66 cortical regions with clear anatomical landmarks are created and then (3b) individually subdivided into small regions of interest (ROIs) resulting in 998 ROIs. (4) Whole brain tractography is performed providing an estimate of axonal trajectories across ...
... performed from the T1-weighted image. (3a) 66 cortical regions with clear anatomical landmarks are created and then (3b) individually subdivided into small regions of interest (ROIs) resulting in 998 ROIs. (4) Whole brain tractography is performed providing an estimate of axonal trajectories across ...
specification of synaptic connections mediating the simple stretch
... spindle afferent fibres supplying the triceps brachii muscles in the bullfrog establish monosynaptic connections with triceps, but not pectoral or subscapular, motoneurones during the same developmental period as afferent fibres supplying these other, non-triceps muscles make connections with their ...
... spindle afferent fibres supplying the triceps brachii muscles in the bullfrog establish monosynaptic connections with triceps, but not pectoral or subscapular, motoneurones during the same developmental period as afferent fibres supplying these other, non-triceps muscles make connections with their ...
Neural Crest_Origin, Migration and Differentiation
... this ‘tugging’ hypothesis is correct. Despite the intensity with which the EMT has been studied, it is still not clear what mechanism drives this process. ...
... this ‘tugging’ hypothesis is correct. Despite the intensity with which the EMT has been studied, it is still not clear what mechanism drives this process. ...
4 Aromatic Amino Acids in the Brain - Wurtman Lab
... hydroxylation of phenylalanine by phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). The proportions of dietary tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine that enter the systemic circulation are limited by three hepatic enzymes— tryptophan dioxygenase, tyrosine aminotransferase, and phenylalanine hydroxylase—that destro ...
... hydroxylation of phenylalanine by phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). The proportions of dietary tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine that enter the systemic circulation are limited by three hepatic enzymes— tryptophan dioxygenase, tyrosine aminotransferase, and phenylalanine hydroxylase—that destro ...
Cell-intrinsic drivers of dendrite morphogenesis
... out forward genetic screens, and the ease of studying unique aspects of dendrite morphogenesis. C. elegans also offers an elegant system for genetic studies of proteins involved in dendrite morphogenesis, and several major findings in the field have originated in nematodes. However, the characteriza ...
... out forward genetic screens, and the ease of studying unique aspects of dendrite morphogenesis. C. elegans also offers an elegant system for genetic studies of proteins involved in dendrite morphogenesis, and several major findings in the field have originated in nematodes. However, the characteriza ...
Homologous Neurons and their Locomotor Functions in Nudibranch
... The concept of homology has evolved and expanded since the term was initially coined in the nineteenth century. Richard Owen is generally attributed with defining ...
... The concept of homology has evolved and expanded since the term was initially coined in the nineteenth century. Richard Owen is generally attributed with defining ...
Does the Conventional Leaky Integrate-and
... investigating the spike response of the neuron (or neuron pool). It showed that the temporal variance of the spike response is less than the temporal variance of the input pulse packet in time, i.e. the output pulse packet is more synchronized than the input pulse packet. Some of these studies (Mars ...
... investigating the spike response of the neuron (or neuron pool). It showed that the temporal variance of the spike response is less than the temporal variance of the input pulse packet in time, i.e. the output pulse packet is more synchronized than the input pulse packet. Some of these studies (Mars ...
Neural dynamics of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movement
... exploits computationally complementary properties, in MSTv and dorsal MST (MSTd) that are devoted to target tracking and opticflow-based navigation, respectively. MSTv receives inputs from MT− , in which subtractive processing via on-center off-surround directional receptive fields generates signals ...
... exploits computationally complementary properties, in MSTv and dorsal MST (MSTd) that are devoted to target tracking and opticflow-based navigation, respectively. MSTv receives inputs from MT− , in which subtractive processing via on-center off-surround directional receptive fields generates signals ...
Chapter 122: Neurocircuitry Of Parkinson`s Disease
... dorsal VL nucleus (80,155,259), and may be transmitted in turn to prefrontal cortical areas (111,198), as well as motor and supplementary motor regions (68,143). Other output projections from GPi arise mostly as collaterals from the pallidothalamic projection. Thus, prominent axon collaterals are se ...
... dorsal VL nucleus (80,155,259), and may be transmitted in turn to prefrontal cortical areas (111,198), as well as motor and supplementary motor regions (68,143). Other output projections from GPi arise mostly as collaterals from the pallidothalamic projection. Thus, prominent axon collaterals are se ...
Dynamics of sensory processing in the dual olfactory pathway of the
... The second difference refers to the concentration dependence of odor responses. In m-PN boutons, the amplitude of the Ca responses typically increased with odor concentration. On the contrary, l-PNs typically responded even for very low concentrations and revealed little or even a negative relation ...
... The second difference refers to the concentration dependence of odor responses. In m-PN boutons, the amplitude of the Ca responses typically increased with odor concentration. On the contrary, l-PNs typically responded even for very low concentrations and revealed little or even a negative relation ...
http://www.utdallas.edu/~tres/papers/Disterhoftetal1994.pdf
... kinase 11, which phosphorylates presynaptic synapsin I, leading to further glutamate release; (4) activation of endonucleases that cause DNA fragmentation; and (5) production of nitric oxide synthase, which inhibits mitochondria1 respiration, the citric acid cycle enzyme aconitase, and DNA synthesi~ ...
... kinase 11, which phosphorylates presynaptic synapsin I, leading to further glutamate release; (4) activation of endonucleases that cause DNA fragmentation; and (5) production of nitric oxide synthase, which inhibits mitochondria1 respiration, the citric acid cycle enzyme aconitase, and DNA synthesi~ ...
The Calcium Rationale in Aging and Alzheimer`s Disease
... kinase 11, which phosphorylates presynaptic synapsin I, leading to further glutamate release; (4) activation of endonucleases that cause DNA fragmentation; and (5) production of nitric oxide synthase, which inhibits mitochondria1 respiration, the citric acid cycle enzyme aconitase, and DNA synthesi~ ...
... kinase 11, which phosphorylates presynaptic synapsin I, leading to further glutamate release; (4) activation of endonucleases that cause DNA fragmentation; and (5) production of nitric oxide synthase, which inhibits mitochondria1 respiration, the citric acid cycle enzyme aconitase, and DNA synthesi~ ...
PREFERENTIAL POTENTIATION OF WEAKER INPUTS TO PRIMARY
... PTx - pertussis toxin treatment TBS - theta burst stimulation V1 - primary visual cortex ...
... PTx - pertussis toxin treatment TBS - theta burst stimulation V1 - primary visual cortex ...
Neuronal control of leech behavior - Emory Biology
... distances between markers placed on the external body wall in successive frames of a movie or video. A variety of semi-intact preparations (example in middle panel) have provided intracellular and extracellular recordings during each of the behaviors, thereby revealing the underlying motor neuronal ...
... distances between markers placed on the external body wall in successive frames of a movie or video. A variety of semi-intact preparations (example in middle panel) have provided intracellular and extracellular recordings during each of the behaviors, thereby revealing the underlying motor neuronal ...
Grid Cell Mechanisms and Function: Contributions of Michael E. Hasselmo*
... (Taube et al., 1990; Blair and Sharp, 1995; Muller et al., 1996; Sharp, 1996; Boccara et al., 2008; Taube, 1998), or in deep layers of the medial entorhinal cortex (Sargolini et al., 2006) or indirectly from head direction cells in other areas such as anterior thalamus (Knierim et al., 1998; Taube, ...
... (Taube et al., 1990; Blair and Sharp, 1995; Muller et al., 1996; Sharp, 1996; Boccara et al., 2008; Taube, 1998), or in deep layers of the medial entorhinal cortex (Sargolini et al., 2006) or indirectly from head direction cells in other areas such as anterior thalamus (Knierim et al., 1998; Taube, ...
Novel visual stimuli activate a population of neurons
... HCl (H), 0.001 M QHCl (Q) and 0.1 M monosodium glutamate (M). The concentrations of most of the tastants were chosen because of their comparability with our previous studies, and because they are in a sensitive part of the dose–response curve. The monkey’s mouth was rinsed with distilled water durin ...
... HCl (H), 0.001 M QHCl (Q) and 0.1 M monosodium glutamate (M). The concentrations of most of the tastants were chosen because of their comparability with our previous studies, and because they are in a sensitive part of the dose–response curve. The monkey’s mouth was rinsed with distilled water durin ...
propofol alters vesicular transport in rat cortical neuronal cultures
... cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins at average velocities of 0.3-8 mm day-1 (~0.004-0.09 µm s-1) (7). Synaptic cargo trafficking is essential for synapse formation, function and plasticity (8). General anesthetics preferentially affect synaptic transmission rather than axonal conduction (9) by agent ...
... cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins at average velocities of 0.3-8 mm day-1 (~0.004-0.09 µm s-1) (7). Synaptic cargo trafficking is essential for synapse formation, function and plasticity (8). General anesthetics preferentially affect synaptic transmission rather than axonal conduction (9) by agent ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... Logothetis, 1997; Wolfe, 1984). It was originally described by Wolfe (Wolfe, 1984) and was inspired by binocular rivalry. Flash suppression entails the perceptual suppression of a monocular image following the sudden onset of a different stimulus to the opposite eye (Figure 12-1). Although two disti ...
... Logothetis, 1997; Wolfe, 1984). It was originally described by Wolfe (Wolfe, 1984) and was inspired by binocular rivalry. Flash suppression entails the perceptual suppression of a monocular image following the sudden onset of a different stimulus to the opposite eye (Figure 12-1). Although two disti ...
敌獳湯⌠ⴷ8
... contralateral pontine nuclei (and thus, indirectly, from the contralateral cerebral cortex), and the contralateral olivary nuclear complex in the medulla (olive, for short). The olivary fibers are the so-called climbing fibers, which terminate on the Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex, climbing ...
... contralateral pontine nuclei (and thus, indirectly, from the contralateral cerebral cortex), and the contralateral olivary nuclear complex in the medulla (olive, for short). The olivary fibers are the so-called climbing fibers, which terminate on the Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex, climbing ...
Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, Second Edition
... • Subdivision of efferent PNS • Functions without conscious effort • Controlled mostly by hypothalamus, some by medulla • Regulates functions of internal organs • Assists in maintaining homeostasis • Helps deal with emergency situations ...
... • Subdivision of efferent PNS • Functions without conscious effort • Controlled mostly by hypothalamus, some by medulla • Regulates functions of internal organs • Assists in maintaining homeostasis • Helps deal with emergency situations ...
The History of the EEG
... coherence values per frequency band. Grand mean values were obtained by averaging amplitude and coherence values across subjects. ...
... coherence values per frequency band. Grand mean values were obtained by averaging amplitude and coherence values across subjects. ...
E ffects of different kinds of acute stress on nerve growth factor
... glucocorticoids, which are elevated during stress, reduce NGF synthesis [5,40]. However, contrary to this hypothesis, the change of glucocorticoid concentration during stress experiments does not always correspond to the reduction of measured NGF concentrations. While the level of glucocorticoids in ...
... glucocorticoids, which are elevated during stress, reduce NGF synthesis [5,40]. However, contrary to this hypothesis, the change of glucocorticoid concentration during stress experiments does not always correspond to the reduction of measured NGF concentrations. While the level of glucocorticoids in ...
A Weighted and Directed Interareal Connectivity
... Our analysis of 1615 connections, including 36% that we consider to be NFP, reveals a high density of cortico-cortical connectivity (66%) and an unexpectedly high incidence (33%) of potentially unidirectional pathways, of which one-third (10% of the total) were shown to originate from corresponding ...
... Our analysis of 1615 connections, including 36% that we consider to be NFP, reveals a high density of cortico-cortical connectivity (66%) and an unexpectedly high incidence (33%) of potentially unidirectional pathways, of which one-third (10% of the total) were shown to originate from corresponding ...
What Keeps Us Awake: the Neuropharmacology of Stimulants and
... Benjamin Boutrel, PhD; George F. Koob, PhD Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute ...
... Benjamin Boutrel, PhD; George F. Koob, PhD Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute ...
Projections from the spinal trigeminal nucleus to the cochlear
... The integration of information across sensory modalities enables sound to be processed in the context of position, movement, and object identity. Inputs to the granule cell domain (GCD) of the cochlear nucleus have been shown to arise from somatosensory brain stem structures, but the nature of the p ...
... The integration of information across sensory modalities enables sound to be processed in the context of position, movement, and object identity. Inputs to the granule cell domain (GCD) of the cochlear nucleus have been shown to arise from somatosensory brain stem structures, but the nature of the p ...
Neuroanatomy
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Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.