![The organization of the central control of micturition in cats and](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/016611138_1-5c1de94556bc93c7b0024920fc3e297d-300x300.png)
The organization of the central control of micturition in cats and
... muscles of the neck and back are innervated by motoneurons in the medial part of the ventral horn throughout the length of the spinal cord, whereas those innervating the muscles of the extremities are located in the lateral part of the ventral horn of the cervical and lumbosacral enlargements. Sympa ...
... muscles of the neck and back are innervated by motoneurons in the medial part of the ventral horn throughout the length of the spinal cord, whereas those innervating the muscles of the extremities are located in the lateral part of the ventral horn of the cervical and lumbosacral enlargements. Sympa ...
Methamphetamine Users in Sustained Abstinence
... it may be an ideal marker to track changes consistent with neuronal recovery associated with drug abstinence. For elderly individuals, MRS-measured Cho values do not vary in signal intensity between gray and white matter, thus allowing for the measurement of change across the cortical surface.46 How ...
... it may be an ideal marker to track changes consistent with neuronal recovery associated with drug abstinence. For elderly individuals, MRS-measured Cho values do not vary in signal intensity between gray and white matter, thus allowing for the measurement of change across the cortical surface.46 How ...
Chapter 14 PowerPoint - IHMC Public Cmaps (2)
... Motor and sensory pathways regulating voluntary motor control of skeletal muscle ...
... Motor and sensory pathways regulating voluntary motor control of skeletal muscle ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... et al. 2006; Luciano et al. 2007; Bates et al. 2011). In addition, allelic variation in a region encompassing the KIAA0319 gene has been associated directly with alterations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses during reading in left superior temporal cortex in individuals with ...
... et al. 2006; Luciano et al. 2007; Bates et al. 2011). In addition, allelic variation in a region encompassing the KIAA0319 gene has been associated directly with alterations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses during reading in left superior temporal cortex in individuals with ...
Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
... repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells, such that A’s efficiency as one of the cells firing B, is increased. Hebb Rule 4wi,j = λ oi oj Instrumental in Binding of.. pieces of an image words of a song multisensory in ...
... repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells, such that A’s efficiency as one of the cells firing B, is increased. Hebb Rule 4wi,j = λ oi oj Instrumental in Binding of.. pieces of an image words of a song multisensory in ...
Experimentally cross-wired lingual taste nerves can restore normal
... Oakley (36) was the first to address this question in a fascinating and innovative set of experiments using rats. He transected the chorda tympani nerve (CT), which normally innervates the anterior tongue (AT) taste buds, and formed a cross-anastomosis with the transected glossopharyngeal nerve (GL) ...
... Oakley (36) was the first to address this question in a fascinating and innovative set of experiments using rats. He transected the chorda tympani nerve (CT), which normally innervates the anterior tongue (AT) taste buds, and formed a cross-anastomosis with the transected glossopharyngeal nerve (GL) ...
Cerebral blood flow and gray matter volume covariance patterns of
... smoothed using a Gaussian kernel of 8 mm3 at its FWHM, (5) CBF images for each label/control pair were calculated using the simplified two-compartment model [Alsop and Detre, 1996; Wang et al., 2002] using simple subtraction between the image pairs [Aguirre et al., 2005], (6) image pairs were investi ...
... smoothed using a Gaussian kernel of 8 mm3 at its FWHM, (5) CBF images for each label/control pair were calculated using the simplified two-compartment model [Alsop and Detre, 1996; Wang et al., 2002] using simple subtraction between the image pairs [Aguirre et al., 2005], (6) image pairs were investi ...
Canine Olfaction: An Overview of the Anatomy, Physiology and
... the olfactory receptors. It is believed that all the cilia on a single ORC have the same type of olfactory receptor. Each olfactory receptor binds to one specific physio-chemical property (e.g., carbon chain length or attached functional groups) of an odorant. An odorant molecule will have multiple ...
... the olfactory receptors. It is believed that all the cilia on a single ORC have the same type of olfactory receptor. Each olfactory receptor binds to one specific physio-chemical property (e.g., carbon chain length or attached functional groups) of an odorant. An odorant molecule will have multiple ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... et al. 2006; Luciano et al. 2007; Bates et al. 2011). In addition, allelic variation in a region encompassing the KIAA0319 gene has been associated directly with alterations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses during reading in left superior temporal cortex in individuals with ...
... et al. 2006; Luciano et al. 2007; Bates et al. 2011). In addition, allelic variation in a region encompassing the KIAA0319 gene has been associated directly with alterations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses during reading in left superior temporal cortex in individuals with ...
ELECTRODEPOSITION OF ALLOYS, 1930 TO 1940.1 By Ci
... Somato-sympathetic reflex. The average SNA response to intermittent stimulation of the tibial nerve was tested both before and after microinjection of drugs. Intermittent tibial nerve stimulation resulted in a characteristic two-peaked response in the sSNA with the latencies of 115 ⫾ 2 ms and 211 ⫾ ...
... Somato-sympathetic reflex. The average SNA response to intermittent stimulation of the tibial nerve was tested both before and after microinjection of drugs. Intermittent tibial nerve stimulation resulted in a characteristic two-peaked response in the sSNA with the latencies of 115 ⫾ 2 ms and 211 ⫾ ...
Aalborg Universitet Brain plasticity Wang, Li
... external environment stimulations and human behaviour. Different structures of the brain are involved in specific functions during human daily life, e.g., sensory, motor, cognitive, etc. Their functions vary with the change in external environment, peripheral stimulation, pain, and psychophysical fa ...
... external environment stimulations and human behaviour. Different structures of the brain are involved in specific functions during human daily life, e.g., sensory, motor, cognitive, etc. Their functions vary with the change in external environment, peripheral stimulation, pain, and psychophysical fa ...
Distinct representations of olfactory information in different cortical
... Mitral and tufted cell axons extend to the piriform cortex via the LOT. We observe that axonal branches exit the LOT at right angles and extend upward to densely and diffusely project to the piriform cortex along the entire anteroposterior axis (Fig. 3a–c), with no apparent spatial preference in any ...
... Mitral and tufted cell axons extend to the piriform cortex via the LOT. We observe that axonal branches exit the LOT at right angles and extend upward to densely and diffusely project to the piriform cortex along the entire anteroposterior axis (Fig. 3a–c), with no apparent spatial preference in any ...
L-E Chap 6 2016
... When describing pathways in the nervous system, only the neurons with long axons that connect distant regions of the nervous system (projection neurons) are counted. A tract is the bundle of axons with the same origin and a common termination. Somatosensory pathways are often named for the origin an ...
... When describing pathways in the nervous system, only the neurons with long axons that connect distant regions of the nervous system (projection neurons) are counted. A tract is the bundle of axons with the same origin and a common termination. Somatosensory pathways are often named for the origin an ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... strong and transient response (Figure 12-3B, right). The response during the flash, in other words, was similar to the response during the monocular presentation only when the subject reported seeing the preferred stimulus. Figure 12-4 shows a summary of the responses of 12 neurons that responded se ...
... strong and transient response (Figure 12-3B, right). The response during the flash, in other words, was similar to the response during the monocular presentation only when the subject reported seeing the preferred stimulus. Figure 12-4 shows a summary of the responses of 12 neurons that responded se ...
Umami, a taste unto itself
... Taste buds, taste cells, and the sensory organs of taste Before proceeding further, it is important to describe how tastes, generally, are sensed. Chemical compounds in foodstuffs (salts, sugars, proteins, amino acids, etc.) are dissolved in saliva and interact and aqueous solutions with peripheral ...
... Taste buds, taste cells, and the sensory organs of taste Before proceeding further, it is important to describe how tastes, generally, are sensed. Chemical compounds in foodstuffs (salts, sugars, proteins, amino acids, etc.) are dissolved in saliva and interact and aqueous solutions with peripheral ...
neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment eliminates cholinergic
... some of which exhibited substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-IR). An increase in the number of SP-IR fibers also occurred in the sympathetically denervated irides of these animals. Chronic treatment of neonates with guanethidine, another adrenergic sympathetic neurotoxin, resulted in similar loss o ...
... some of which exhibited substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-IR). An increase in the number of SP-IR fibers also occurred in the sympathetically denervated irides of these animals. Chronic treatment of neonates with guanethidine, another adrenergic sympathetic neurotoxin, resulted in similar loss o ...
Coding of relative size in monkey inferotemporal cortex
... accounts of size constancy require additional knowledge about the external world. A simpler possibility, however, is that size constancy can be achieved by comparing the size of the retinal image with that of other objects (Palmer 1999; Rock and Ebenholtz 1959). Encoding of relative size may also be ...
... accounts of size constancy require additional knowledge about the external world. A simpler possibility, however, is that size constancy can be achieved by comparing the size of the retinal image with that of other objects (Palmer 1999; Rock and Ebenholtz 1959). Encoding of relative size may also be ...
Sensory Nerves in Adult Rats Regenerate and Restore Sensory
... evidence was presented implicating endogenous NGF as an essential requirement for the collateral sprouting of myelinated and unmyelinated nociceptive fibers in the skin of adult rats. Collateral sprouting is a growth characteristic of undamaged nerves, though not all nerve modalities may express it, ...
... evidence was presented implicating endogenous NGF as an essential requirement for the collateral sprouting of myelinated and unmyelinated nociceptive fibers in the skin of adult rats. Collateral sprouting is a growth characteristic of undamaged nerves, though not all nerve modalities may express it, ...
A forward genetic screen with a thalamocortical emx2
... mutant lines show aberrant TCA phenotypes at different steps of the pathway. These include ventral misrouting, overfasciculation, stalling at the corticostriatal boundary, and invasion of ectopic cortical cell clusters. An outcross breeding strategy coupled with a genomic panel of single nucleotide ...
... mutant lines show aberrant TCA phenotypes at different steps of the pathway. These include ventral misrouting, overfasciculation, stalling at the corticostriatal boundary, and invasion of ectopic cortical cell clusters. An outcross breeding strategy coupled with a genomic panel of single nucleotide ...
Microglia development follows a stepwise program to regulate brain
... reflects a distinct phenotype of characteristic genes. Because previous studies have focused on cells from more mature developmental stages, many of these genes have not been annotated with microglia function. However, we found here that a subset of the genes that were expressed at this stage was re ...
... reflects a distinct phenotype of characteristic genes. Because previous studies have focused on cells from more mature developmental stages, many of these genes have not been annotated with microglia function. However, we found here that a subset of the genes that were expressed at this stage was re ...
Microglia development follows a stepwise program to regulate brain
... reflects a distinct phenotype of characteristic genes. Because previous studies have focused on cells from more mature developmental stages, many of these genes have not been annotated with microglia function. However, we found here that a subset of the genes that were expressed at this stage was re ...
... reflects a distinct phenotype of characteristic genes. Because previous studies have focused on cells from more mature developmental stages, many of these genes have not been annotated with microglia function. However, we found here that a subset of the genes that were expressed at this stage was re ...
Neurochemical organization of chimpanzee inferior pulvinar complex
... Using these stains, however, Cola et al. (1999) were not able to identify in the human PI complex an area comparable to PIP of monkeys. With regard to chimpanzees, our present observations suggest an interpretation of inferior pulvinar organization that departs significantly from previous description ...
... Using these stains, however, Cola et al. (1999) were not able to identify in the human PI complex an area comparable to PIP of monkeys. With regard to chimpanzees, our present observations suggest an interpretation of inferior pulvinar organization that departs significantly from previous description ...
Loss of TDP-43 causes age-dependent progressive motor neuron
... Laboratory for Motor Neuron Disease, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan Department of P ...
... Laboratory for Motor Neuron Disease, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan Department of P ...
Properties and Functional Role of Voltage
... easily identified on the basis of their large size and distinctive morphology. Purkinje cells in the vermis were used for these experiments. Distance of the dendrite from which the patch was formed was measured from the center of the soma and off-line from pictures taken with a CCD camera and frame ...
... easily identified on the basis of their large size and distinctive morphology. Purkinje cells in the vermis were used for these experiments. Distance of the dendrite from which the patch was formed was measured from the center of the soma and off-line from pictures taken with a CCD camera and frame ...
Axon Physiology - Physiological Reviews
... other, many axons in the central nervous system typically form an elaborate and most impressive tree. For instance, the terminal arbor of thalamocortical axons in layer 4 of the cat visual cortex contains 150 –275 branch points (13). The complexity of axonal arborization is also extensive in cortica ...
... other, many axons in the central nervous system typically form an elaborate and most impressive tree. For instance, the terminal arbor of thalamocortical axons in layer 4 of the cat visual cortex contains 150 –275 branch points (13). The complexity of axonal arborization is also extensive in cortica ...
Neuroanatomy
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sobo_1909_624.png?width=300)
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.