Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of
... of memory storage in the but in other structures that represent the storage site of particular forms of memories [e]. The modulation of memory by the BL amygdala can also be seen in humans. For instance, emotionally arousing stories are normally better recalled than neutral ones, but this effect is ...
... of memory storage in the but in other structures that represent the storage site of particular forms of memories [e]. The modulation of memory by the BL amygdala can also be seen in humans. For instance, emotionally arousing stories are normally better recalled than neutral ones, but this effect is ...
Synaptic Regulation of Action Potential Timing in
... Intracellular recordings in vivo have revealed that giant neostriatal interneurons receive a constant barrage of depolarizing synaptic input (Wilson et al., 1990). In contrast to the spiny projection neurons, unitary synaptic potentials are readily discerned in the giant cells, and summation of only ...
... Intracellular recordings in vivo have revealed that giant neostriatal interneurons receive a constant barrage of depolarizing synaptic input (Wilson et al., 1990). In contrast to the spiny projection neurons, unitary synaptic potentials are readily discerned in the giant cells, and summation of only ...
Common Input to Motor Neurons Innervating the Same and Different
... tributed in longitudinal cylinders coterminous with motor nuclei in lamina IX of the spinal cord (Lawrence et al. 1985). Such findings are consistent with the possibility that these specialized descending inputs may contact a large proportion of neurons in a motor nucleus (Porter and Lemon 1993). Ne ...
... tributed in longitudinal cylinders coterminous with motor nuclei in lamina IX of the spinal cord (Lawrence et al. 1985). Such findings are consistent with the possibility that these specialized descending inputs may contact a large proportion of neurons in a motor nucleus (Porter and Lemon 1993). Ne ...
Chapter 14b - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... Organization and Anatomy of the Sympathetic Division Sympathetic Chain Ganglia Preganglionic neurons Limited to spinal cord segments T1–L2 White rami (myelinated preganglionic fibers) Innervate neurons in – cervical, inferior lumbar, and sacral sympathetic chain ganglia ...
... Organization and Anatomy of the Sympathetic Division Sympathetic Chain Ganglia Preganglionic neurons Limited to spinal cord segments T1–L2 White rami (myelinated preganglionic fibers) Innervate neurons in – cervical, inferior lumbar, and sacral sympathetic chain ganglia ...
Sympathetic Chain
... Inferior Cervical Ganglion • Formed by Joining of Two ganglia corresponding with C7 and C8 Nerves • Sometimes inferior joins with first Thoracic ganglia to form Cervico- Thoracic or Stellate ganglion • Situation – between trans. Pro. of C7 vertebra and the neck of First rib ...
... Inferior Cervical Ganglion • Formed by Joining of Two ganglia corresponding with C7 and C8 Nerves • Sometimes inferior joins with first Thoracic ganglia to form Cervico- Thoracic or Stellate ganglion • Situation – between trans. Pro. of C7 vertebra and the neck of First rib ...
Probabilistic models for spike trains of single neurons
... deviation and the mean) is smaller than 1, then the SS of the TRRP model is larger than 1. This does not apply, however, for mIMI models, which can also have a relatively narrow distribution of ISIs. We interpret these results and discuss their implications in section 8. In the second half of the pa ...
... deviation and the mean) is smaller than 1, then the SS of the TRRP model is larger than 1. This does not apply, however, for mIMI models, which can also have a relatively narrow distribution of ISIs. We interpret these results and discuss their implications in section 8. In the second half of the pa ...
Wernicke`s area homologue in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and
... Park, KS) for each cortical area by manually drawing its extent on every MRI slice in which it occurred. After object maps of each cortical area were created for the MRI scans, the three-dimensional image of each brain was coregistered to a template chimpanzee brain (Rilling et al. 2007). Each indiv ...
... Park, KS) for each cortical area by manually drawing its extent on every MRI slice in which it occurred. After object maps of each cortical area were created for the MRI scans, the three-dimensional image of each brain was coregistered to a template chimpanzee brain (Rilling et al. 2007). Each indiv ...
- Wiley Online Library
... The neuronal circuitry that supports voluntary changes in eye position in tasks that require attention-driven oculo-motor control is well known. However, less is known about the neuronal basis for eye control during visual fixation. This, together with the fact that visual fixation is one of the mos ...
... The neuronal circuitry that supports voluntary changes in eye position in tasks that require attention-driven oculo-motor control is well known. However, less is known about the neuronal basis for eye control during visual fixation. This, together with the fact that visual fixation is one of the mos ...
PDF
... The orbitofrontal cortex has been hypothesized to carry information regarding the value of expected rewards. Such information is essential for associative learning, which relies on comparisons between expected and obtained reward for generating instructive error signals. These error signals are thou ...
... The orbitofrontal cortex has been hypothesized to carry information regarding the value of expected rewards. Such information is essential for associative learning, which relies on comparisons between expected and obtained reward for generating instructive error signals. These error signals are thou ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... number of synaptic contacts within an endplate actually increases while the number of presynaptic axons innervating a given muscle fiber decreases. The observation that only one axon ends up taking over the entire NMJ suggested that there is a competition among the presynaptic inputs. Consistent wi ...
... number of synaptic contacts within an endplate actually increases while the number of presynaptic axons innervating a given muscle fiber decreases. The observation that only one axon ends up taking over the entire NMJ suggested that there is a competition among the presynaptic inputs. Consistent wi ...
... immunolabelling. Furthermore, in this experiment, a wild type mouse line (Balb-C) was included as a control for a thorough -normal- mouse brain mapping of the NTR NTs/NTRs immunolabelling. An increased expression of p75 , particularly in glial cells, was observed to correlate well with TSE related l ...
Full-Text PDF
... a variety of techniques for activating neuronal tissue. Widely used stimulation modalities include deep brain stimulation (DBS), optogenetics, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), intracellular electrical stimulation, and extracellular electrical stimulation. Some activation modalities are inher ...
... a variety of techniques for activating neuronal tissue. Widely used stimulation modalities include deep brain stimulation (DBS), optogenetics, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), intracellular electrical stimulation, and extracellular electrical stimulation. Some activation modalities are inher ...
The non-classical auditory pathways are involved in hearing in
... We interpreted our results as signs of involvement of the non-classical pathways that diminished with age, thus probably a sign of normal maturation. The fact that some of the individuals that we studied experienced an increase in loudness when their median nerve was stimulated while a few individua ...
... We interpreted our results as signs of involvement of the non-classical pathways that diminished with age, thus probably a sign of normal maturation. The fact that some of the individuals that we studied experienced an increase in loudness when their median nerve was stimulated while a few individua ...
Functional differences between dorsal and ventral hippocampus
... Although a number of techniques offer a good approach to the functional study of central nervous system structures, silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) is considered a ra- ...
... Although a number of techniques offer a good approach to the functional study of central nervous system structures, silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) is considered a ra- ...
Activity Regulates the Incidence of Heteronymous Sensory
... activity blockade. Our findings therefore reveal that sensory activity does have a limited and selective role in the establishment of patterned monosynaptic sensory-motor connections. INTRODUCTION The precision of limb movements depends on spinal sensorymotor circuits that impose coordinated pattern ...
... activity blockade. Our findings therefore reveal that sensory activity does have a limited and selective role in the establishment of patterned monosynaptic sensory-motor connections. INTRODUCTION The precision of limb movements depends on spinal sensorymotor circuits that impose coordinated pattern ...
The role of the mirror neuron system in action understanding and
... Rizzolatti and Graighero (2004) state that other areas in the cortex of the Macaque monkey besides F5 were found to have neurons that respond to observed actions made by others. They suggest that there is a mirror neuron system (MNS) that has different cortical areas that contain mirror neurons. Fir ...
... Rizzolatti and Graighero (2004) state that other areas in the cortex of the Macaque monkey besides F5 were found to have neurons that respond to observed actions made by others. They suggest that there is a mirror neuron system (MNS) that has different cortical areas that contain mirror neurons. Fir ...
Sensory experience and the formation of a computational map of
... instead topographically related to other biologically relevant features. These higher-level representations are often referred to as computational maps because they are generated as a result of integrative processes that take place within the brain. Computational maps provide a means by which more c ...
... instead topographically related to other biologically relevant features. These higher-level representations are often referred to as computational maps because they are generated as a result of integrative processes that take place within the brain. Computational maps provide a means by which more c ...
Reciprocal Connectivity of Identified Color
... form a mutually connected network. In this report, we carried out several tracer injection experiments combined with electrophysiological identification of the color-selective regions. The basic question is from where does the AITC receive input and, more specifically, whether the PITC directly projec ...
... form a mutually connected network. In this report, we carried out several tracer injection experiments combined with electrophysiological identification of the color-selective regions. The basic question is from where does the AITC receive input and, more specifically, whether the PITC directly projec ...
Brain Stimulation for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
... Anderson did show, however, a reduced burst firing pattern during DBS, which may support the notion that DBS may exert its therapeutic effects via a modulation of basal ganglia firing patterns rather than by changing firing rates. Similar results have also been observed with a rodent model of DBS (C ...
... Anderson did show, however, a reduced burst firing pattern during DBS, which may support the notion that DBS may exert its therapeutic effects via a modulation of basal ganglia firing patterns rather than by changing firing rates. Similar results have also been observed with a rodent model of DBS (C ...
Neuronal representation of visual motion and orientation in the fly
... a good candidate neuropil to extract these visual features from local input and to supply this information to more specialized downstream brain regions. The large lobula plate neurons, which integrate local motion inputs and thus respond in a directionselective way to motion in a large part of the v ...
... a good candidate neuropil to extract these visual features from local input and to supply this information to more specialized downstream brain regions. The large lobula plate neurons, which integrate local motion inputs and thus respond in a directionselective way to motion in a large part of the v ...
Cortical areas are linked through pathways which originate and
... Cortical areas are linked through pathways which originate and terminate in specific layers. The factors underlying which layers are involved in specific connections are not well understood. Here we tested whether cortical structure can predict the pattern as well as the relative distribution of pro ...
... Cortical areas are linked through pathways which originate and terminate in specific layers. The factors underlying which layers are involved in specific connections are not well understood. Here we tested whether cortical structure can predict the pattern as well as the relative distribution of pro ...
identification of a cell surface glycoprotein family of olfactory
... and Warren, 1982), as well as the reciprocal distribution (Vulliamy et al., 1981), to retinal photoreceptor cells (Barnstable, 1980), and to cat CNS neuronal subclasses (McKay and Hockfield, 1982). We have developed an Mab, 2B8, which binds to cell surface antigens on primary sensory neurons of the ...
... and Warren, 1982), as well as the reciprocal distribution (Vulliamy et al., 1981), to retinal photoreceptor cells (Barnstable, 1980), and to cat CNS neuronal subclasses (McKay and Hockfield, 1982). We have developed an Mab, 2B8, which binds to cell surface antigens on primary sensory neurons of the ...
A neurocomputational model of the mammalian fear
... The modern mammalian brain is built upon ancient emotional subsystems [53]. These systems, which come hardwired at birth, ensure that animals are able to find food, avoid predators, reproduce, and generally meet their basic needs [53]. Recently in the evolution of mammals, the development of the cor ...
... The modern mammalian brain is built upon ancient emotional subsystems [53]. These systems, which come hardwired at birth, ensure that animals are able to find food, avoid predators, reproduce, and generally meet their basic needs [53]. Recently in the evolution of mammals, the development of the cor ...
Critical role of extracellularly secreted neuronal pentraxin 1 in
... Light microscopic analysis showed that control neurons were healthy and retained normal morphology, as indicated by larger size, phase brightness and intact processes. Whereas, OGD exposed neurons showed characteristic morphological changes of dying cells, which were round, smaller and translucent w ...
... Light microscopic analysis showed that control neurons were healthy and retained normal morphology, as indicated by larger size, phase brightness and intact processes. Whereas, OGD exposed neurons showed characteristic morphological changes of dying cells, which were round, smaller and translucent w ...
Read Article - University of Northern Colorado
... et al. [2]; see also [11]), and no single, clear candidate emerges to account for the varying findings for the hippocampus. There are a variety of potentially confounding factors in autism research that challenge the scientific community that are not MRI specific, such as age, gender, IQ, and the in ...
... et al. [2]; see also [11]), and no single, clear candidate emerges to account for the varying findings for the hippocampus. There are a variety of potentially confounding factors in autism research that challenge the scientific community that are not MRI specific, such as age, gender, IQ, and the in ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.