Cauda Equina Syndrome and Nitric Oxide Synthase
... staining could be detected. First, somatic NOS-IR involving spinal cord neurons of various types was found in the superficial (laminae I-II) and deep (laminae III-VI) dorsal horn layers along the rostrocaudal axis of all segments studied (Fig. 3A). However, considerable differences could be detected ...
... staining could be detected. First, somatic NOS-IR involving spinal cord neurons of various types was found in the superficial (laminae I-II) and deep (laminae III-VI) dorsal horn layers along the rostrocaudal axis of all segments studied (Fig. 3A). However, considerable differences could be detected ...
Dynamic ordering of early generated striatal cells destined to form
... Modular arrangement of functional organization within a single neural structure represents an elegant design in information processing by the nervous system. The striatum contains two neurochemically distinct compartments, the striosomes (“striatal bodies”) and the large extrastriosomal matrix aroun ...
... Modular arrangement of functional organization within a single neural structure represents an elegant design in information processing by the nervous system. The striatum contains two neurochemically distinct compartments, the striosomes (“striatal bodies”) and the large extrastriosomal matrix aroun ...
Topography of Visual Cortex Connections with Frontal Eye Field in
... and Mishkin, 1982; Morel and Bullier, IWO; Baizer et al., I99 I ; Young, 1992). How information from the various cortical areas is combined to generate perception and action is not known. The investigation of visually guided eye movements may be a domain in which this issue can be examined effective ...
... and Mishkin, 1982; Morel and Bullier, IWO; Baizer et al., I99 I ; Young, 1992). How information from the various cortical areas is combined to generate perception and action is not known. The investigation of visually guided eye movements may be a domain in which this issue can be examined effective ...
the phase-space dynamics of systems of spiking neurons
... Science remained out of favor until the beginning of the Renaissance. In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published De Humani Corporis Fabrica that helped correct numerous misconceptions about the human anatomy that had prevailed for fifteen hundred years. The 1641 publication of René Descartes’ Meditationes ...
... Science remained out of favor until the beginning of the Renaissance. In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published De Humani Corporis Fabrica that helped correct numerous misconceptions about the human anatomy that had prevailed for fifteen hundred years. The 1641 publication of René Descartes’ Meditationes ...
A simulation of parahippocampal and hippocampal structures guiding spatial navigation of
... representations of sensory input and motor output (McNaughton and Morris, 1987; Treves and Rolls, 1994; Levy , 1996; Wallenstein and Hasselmo, 1997; Wu et al., 1998). These models make many assumptions about the timing of input and output. These assumptions can be reduced if the network directly int ...
... representations of sensory input and motor output (McNaughton and Morris, 1987; Treves and Rolls, 1994; Levy , 1996; Wallenstein and Hasselmo, 1997; Wu et al., 1998). These models make many assumptions about the timing of input and output. These assumptions can be reduced if the network directly int ...
Kisspeptin Signaling Is Required for the Luteinizing Introduction of Males
... MRC Receptor Biology Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa, 4 Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, ...
... MRC Receptor Biology Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa, 4 Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, ...
Dendritic RNA Transport: Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Control of Neuronal Gene Expression
... translational regulation of dendritic mRNAs appears concrete, there is surprisingly little direct evidence for an essential role of these proteins in RNA localization (see Table 1), most likely because many of these proteins may play an essential role in early development and therefore knockout anim ...
... translational regulation of dendritic mRNAs appears concrete, there is surprisingly little direct evidence for an essential role of these proteins in RNA localization (see Table 1), most likely because many of these proteins may play an essential role in early development and therefore knockout anim ...
Scene perception: inferior temporal cortex neurons encode the
... neurons to the different stimuli as shown by the anovas.] In this way the parafoveal objects’ edges were close to the edge of an object simultaneously presented at the fovea. This condition is termed the ‘close’ condition, because the objects were closely spaced. The stimuli were chosen in prior scr ...
... neurons to the different stimuli as shown by the anovas.] In this way the parafoveal objects’ edges were close to the edge of an object simultaneously presented at the fovea. This condition is termed the ‘close’ condition, because the objects were closely spaced. The stimuli were chosen in prior scr ...
Ion Channels in Bursting Neurons
... that the conductances found in this axon are fewer and more simplified than those found in any other region of a typical neuron. The reason is that axons, in general, are highly customized neural structures. In the squid, the giant axon is solely responsible for assuring the rapid and regular conduc ...
... that the conductances found in this axon are fewer and more simplified than those found in any other region of a typical neuron. The reason is that axons, in general, are highly customized neural structures. In the squid, the giant axon is solely responsible for assuring the rapid and regular conduc ...
Nervous System - Winston Knoll Collegiate
... • Activity! The connectivity of the brain (Interneurons). – The brain is an amazing organ that makes many connections with other cells. – Let’s understand this power with a little exercise with twenty brain cells. – An average brain may have 50-100 billion neurons and 1000 trillion connections. – M ...
... • Activity! The connectivity of the brain (Interneurons). – The brain is an amazing organ that makes many connections with other cells. – Let’s understand this power with a little exercise with twenty brain cells. – An average brain may have 50-100 billion neurons and 1000 trillion connections. – M ...
Branched thalamic afferents - the Sherman Lab
... sum of the diameters of collaterals supplied by a dorsal root fiber (see Fig. 1) is far greater than the diameter of the terminal arborization in the posterior column nuclei arising from the same root fiber.” (italics added). This led him to conclude that most of the information went to the collater ...
... sum of the diameters of collaterals supplied by a dorsal root fiber (see Fig. 1) is far greater than the diameter of the terminal arborization in the posterior column nuclei arising from the same root fiber.” (italics added). This led him to conclude that most of the information went to the collater ...
Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and
... duce increases in incentive salience or Pavlovian-triggered motivation (here called “wanting” in shorthand) (1, 31, 35–37). A neurochemical distinction has been made between opioid stimulation of the NAc hotspot, which amplifies hedonic impact (liking) as well as motivation (wanting) for reward, and ...
... duce increases in incentive salience or Pavlovian-triggered motivation (here called “wanting” in shorthand) (1, 31, 35–37). A neurochemical distinction has been made between opioid stimulation of the NAc hotspot, which amplifies hedonic impact (liking) as well as motivation (wanting) for reward, and ...
Insulin Treatment Prevents Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Injury
... Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2, and 4Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1J4 ...
... Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2, and 4Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1J4 ...
Chapter 3
... surface anatomy, gross anatomy, systemic anatomy, regional anatomy, radiographic anatomy, developmental anatomy, embryology, histology, cytology, and pathological anatomy Table 1.1. Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e ...
... surface anatomy, gross anatomy, systemic anatomy, regional anatomy, radiographic anatomy, developmental anatomy, embryology, histology, cytology, and pathological anatomy Table 1.1. Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e ...
Dynamic and integrative aspects of the regulation of reproduction by
... 5.5. Nervous systems There is little, if any, information on the role of the autonomic system in the regulation of reproductive function by metabolic status, yet the various stages of the reproductive process must be coordinated with most if not all homeostatic processes. We will not ignore this maj ...
... 5.5. Nervous systems There is little, if any, information on the role of the autonomic system in the regulation of reproductive function by metabolic status, yet the various stages of the reproductive process must be coordinated with most if not all homeostatic processes. We will not ignore this maj ...
superior Medullary Velum
... interpeduncular fossa, cerebral peduncle, midbrain, cerebellar cortex, inferior colliculus, lingula and vermis is reported to be from the vermian artery originating from the posterior cerebral artery (25). We did not study the vascular anatomy and only fiber dissection and immunohistochemical analys ...
... interpeduncular fossa, cerebral peduncle, midbrain, cerebellar cortex, inferior colliculus, lingula and vermis is reported to be from the vermian artery originating from the posterior cerebral artery (25). We did not study the vascular anatomy and only fiber dissection and immunohistochemical analys ...
Circadian clocks in crustaceans: identified neuronal and cellular systems
... displays reliable patterns of activity as it seeks shelter during low tide and displays major locomotory activity during high tide when water covers its habitat. This activity pattern is retained under constant laboratory conditions as a free-running circatidal rhythm (6-8, 15). Circadian rhythms of ...
... displays reliable patterns of activity as it seeks shelter during low tide and displays major locomotory activity during high tide when water covers its habitat. This activity pattern is retained under constant laboratory conditions as a free-running circatidal rhythm (6-8, 15). Circadian rhythms of ...
The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks
... cells of dorsal and ventral tiers. Scale = 100 m. The cells and processes of the dorsal tier indicated by the box are shown magnified in C) revealing the horizontal arrangement of their dendritic processes. Scale = 50 m. VT, ventral tier; DT, dorsal tier. ...
... cells of dorsal and ventral tiers. Scale = 100 m. The cells and processes of the dorsal tier indicated by the box are shown magnified in C) revealing the horizontal arrangement of their dendritic processes. Scale = 50 m. VT, ventral tier; DT, dorsal tier. ...
The Involvement of Recurrent Connections in Area CA3 in
... In the model, each EC cell is assumed to respond to a subset of the available cues. Based on the suggestion that EC is involved in conjunctive coding (Myers et al., 1995), each EC cell in our model combines in a conjunctive manner the sources of spatial information to which it is sensitive. Because ...
... In the model, each EC cell is assumed to respond to a subset of the available cues. Based on the suggestion that EC is involved in conjunctive coding (Myers et al., 1995), each EC cell in our model combines in a conjunctive manner the sources of spatial information to which it is sensitive. Because ...
Neural Mechanisms of Addiction
... in animals (Deroche-Gamonet et al. 2004, Vanderschuren & Everitt 2004) more effectively than it has been possible to model most psychiatric disorders. Nonetheless, it is a great challenge to develop laboratory models that reflect the compulsive drug taking behaviors of addicted, free-living human be ...
... in animals (Deroche-Gamonet et al. 2004, Vanderschuren & Everitt 2004) more effectively than it has been possible to model most psychiatric disorders. Nonetheless, it is a great challenge to develop laboratory models that reflect the compulsive drug taking behaviors of addicted, free-living human be ...
Molecular and morphological analyses of basal forebrain
... Beachy, 1998). In general, current developmental models are based on the idea that neuronal populations arise from spatio-temporally regulated gene expression programs fine-tuned by concentration-dependent patterns or signaling ‘pulses’ within the neurochemical niche. Competent embryonic tissues are ...
... Beachy, 1998). In general, current developmental models are based on the idea that neuronal populations arise from spatio-temporally regulated gene expression programs fine-tuned by concentration-dependent patterns or signaling ‘pulses’ within the neurochemical niche. Competent embryonic tissues are ...
Time Constants of h Current in Layer II Stellate Cells... along the Dorsal to Ventral Axis of Medial Entorhinal Cortex
... 10.0 dextrose, 26.0 NaHCO3, 1.25 NaH2PO4, 2 CaCl2] oxygenated by bubbling 95% O2/5% CO2 through the solution. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were conducted in horizontal brain slices. To control for slice health, the brain was mounted on either its ventral surface (top-down cut) or dorsal surface ...
... 10.0 dextrose, 26.0 NaHCO3, 1.25 NaH2PO4, 2 CaCl2] oxygenated by bubbling 95% O2/5% CO2 through the solution. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were conducted in horizontal brain slices. To control for slice health, the brain was mounted on either its ventral surface (top-down cut) or dorsal surface ...
Glycolytic Enzymes Localize to Synapses under Energy Stress to
... Glycolytic proteins have been hypothesized to interact and form functional supercomplexes, termed glycolytic metabolons (or glycolons), which sustain the accelerated rates of glycolysis (Clarke and Masters, 1975; Kurganov et al., 1985; Ureta, 1985). The concept of the glycolytic metabolon derives fr ...
... Glycolytic proteins have been hypothesized to interact and form functional supercomplexes, termed glycolytic metabolons (or glycolons), which sustain the accelerated rates of glycolysis (Clarke and Masters, 1975; Kurganov et al., 1985; Ureta, 1985). The concept of the glycolytic metabolon derives fr ...
Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D
... axonal wiring in the mouse. Most of the efforts have been on the two major cell types of the olfactory system, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), expressing odorant receptor (OR) genes, and vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs), expressing vomeronasal receptor (VR) genes. Axons of OSNs expressing the sa ...
... axonal wiring in the mouse. Most of the efforts have been on the two major cell types of the olfactory system, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), expressing odorant receptor (OR) genes, and vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs), expressing vomeronasal receptor (VR) genes. Axons of OSNs expressing the sa ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.