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Table of Contents
... is an interneuron (White et al., 1986). Although Ascaris and C. elegans are diverged by 500 million years, their nervous systems are remarkably conserved. In Ascaris, a nearly equivalent set of 26 major GABA-synthesizing neurons were identified by immunostaining (Guastella et al., 1991; Johnson and ...
... is an interneuron (White et al., 1986). Although Ascaris and C. elegans are diverged by 500 million years, their nervous systems are remarkably conserved. In Ascaris, a nearly equivalent set of 26 major GABA-synthesizing neurons were identified by immunostaining (Guastella et al., 1991; Johnson and ...
Oriented Axon Projections in Primary Visual Cortex of the Monkey
... Program in Neuroscience and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 ...
... Program in Neuroscience and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 ...
Position Selectivity in Scene- and Object-Responsive
... As in object-selective cortex, understanding the position specificity of neurons in scene-selective regions could help elucidate their functions. For example, if these regions contain neurons with RF sizes similar to LOC, this may indicate that they encode local features common to environmental scen ...
... As in object-selective cortex, understanding the position specificity of neurons in scene-selective regions could help elucidate their functions. For example, if these regions contain neurons with RF sizes similar to LOC, this may indicate that they encode local features common to environmental scen ...
Brca1 is required for embryonic development of the mouse cerebral
... To examine the effects of conditional Brca1 ablation on the neocortex, we first analyzed the size and gross morphology of the P4.5 brain. Compared with the control, Brca1-ablated brains showed a reduction in size specific to the cerebral cortex (Fig. 1C). The whole-brain weight of Brca1-ablated mice ...
... To examine the effects of conditional Brca1 ablation on the neocortex, we first analyzed the size and gross morphology of the P4.5 brain. Compared with the control, Brca1-ablated brains showed a reduction in size specific to the cerebral cortex (Fig. 1C). The whole-brain weight of Brca1-ablated mice ...
Bio Chap 15 - mlfarrispsych
... to the side had to walk sideways through doors. • appears to be inborn, because even children born with missing limbs experience phantoms. Body image resides primarily in parietal areas; damage or malfunction leads to illusions such as denial that a limb is paralyzed and out-of-body experience. ...
... to the side had to walk sideways through doors. • appears to be inborn, because even children born with missing limbs experience phantoms. Body image resides primarily in parietal areas; damage or malfunction leads to illusions such as denial that a limb is paralyzed and out-of-body experience. ...
Glutamate Receptors
... loops? First, when descending corticobrainstem glutamate pathways have hypofunctioning NMDA receptors in the ventral tegmental area, this creates mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity and positive symptoms of psychosis, as already eXplained above and illustrated in Figure 9-39B. The effects of this on C ...
... loops? First, when descending corticobrainstem glutamate pathways have hypofunctioning NMDA receptors in the ventral tegmental area, this creates mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity and positive symptoms of psychosis, as already eXplained above and illustrated in Figure 9-39B. The effects of this on C ...
Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Nervous System
... the full length of the axon until it reaches its tip. Specialized cells called neurons are the functional At the tip of the axon are tiny processes, which units of the nervous system. Neurons transmit release chemicals known as neurotransmitters. messages to and from the brain. They consist of a Neu ...
... the full length of the axon until it reaches its tip. Specialized cells called neurons are the functional At the tip of the axon are tiny processes, which units of the nervous system. Neurons transmit release chemicals known as neurotransmitters. messages to and from the brain. They consist of a Neu ...
Resting-state functional connectivity in neuropsychiatric disorders
... disease. They did not generate a broader map of hippocampal connectivity to other regions but focused only on the pair-wise correlations between the bilateral hippocampi. Subsequently, our group used ICA to examine functional connectivity in a specific RSN known as the default-mode network (DMN) [17 ...
... disease. They did not generate a broader map of hippocampal connectivity to other regions but focused only on the pair-wise correlations between the bilateral hippocampi. Subsequently, our group used ICA to examine functional connectivity in a specific RSN known as the default-mode network (DMN) [17 ...
Resonance properties of different neuronal populations in the
... field potential supports the model of phases of encoding and retrieval. The phasic changes in current sinks result from the synaptic transmissions. In vitro studies revealed that stimulation on the peak of theta wave causes LTP, while stimulation on the trough causes long-term depression (LTD). LTP ...
... field potential supports the model of phases of encoding and retrieval. The phasic changes in current sinks result from the synaptic transmissions. In vitro studies revealed that stimulation on the peak of theta wave causes LTP, while stimulation on the trough causes long-term depression (LTD). LTP ...
Development of Multicellular Organisms
... pattern of spectacular complexity and precision. Ultimately, the genome determines the pattern, and the puzzle of developmental biology is to understand how it does so. The genome is normally identical in every cell; the cells differ not because they contain different genetic information, but becaus ...
... pattern of spectacular complexity and precision. Ultimately, the genome determines the pattern, and the puzzle of developmental biology is to understand how it does so. The genome is normally identical in every cell; the cells differ not because they contain different genetic information, but becaus ...
NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS NEURONAL ACTIVITY DURING A
... cues. Interestingly, SPC appears to utilize different brain areas than SOC. For example, unlike in SOC, bilateral lesions of the BLA are without effect on SPC or the ability to make associations between neutral stimuli (Blundell, Hall, & Killcross, 2003; Dwyer & Killcross, 2006). Instead, it has bee ...
... cues. Interestingly, SPC appears to utilize different brain areas than SOC. For example, unlike in SOC, bilateral lesions of the BLA are without effect on SPC or the ability to make associations between neutral stimuli (Blundell, Hall, & Killcross, 2003; Dwyer & Killcross, 2006). Instead, it has bee ...
Applying Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation to the Study of Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity in Neural Networks
... It has been seen clinically that tACS applied at the resting frequency of a neural system causes an increase in synaptic weights and synchrony between the neurons: an effect that remains for approximately an hour after tACS ceases [1]. If the effects of tACS could be made to be semi-permanent it has ...
... It has been seen clinically that tACS applied at the resting frequency of a neural system causes an increase in synaptic weights and synchrony between the neurons: an effect that remains for approximately an hour after tACS ceases [1]. If the effects of tACS could be made to be semi-permanent it has ...
State dependent activity in monkey visual cortex
... rhesus monkey can be greatly modulated depending on the behavioral significance of a visual stimulus. These findings suggest that signals arising from sources other than the retina may represent an important aspect of neuronal activity in visual cortex. Understanding the extent and nature of these e ...
... rhesus monkey can be greatly modulated depending on the behavioral significance of a visual stimulus. These findings suggest that signals arising from sources other than the retina may represent an important aspect of neuronal activity in visual cortex. Understanding the extent and nature of these e ...
Essential Roles for GSK-3s and GSK-3
... the published work to date, it is not entirely clear whether global inhibition of GSK-3b enhances or inhibits axon growth. This issue is critical, as axon growth inhibitory proteins have been shown to activate GSK-3b (Eickholt et al., 2002; Chadborn et al., 2006). Thus, it is appealing to consider g ...
... the published work to date, it is not entirely clear whether global inhibition of GSK-3b enhances or inhibits axon growth. This issue is critical, as axon growth inhibitory proteins have been shown to activate GSK-3b (Eickholt et al., 2002; Chadborn et al., 2006). Thus, it is appealing to consider g ...
Neural correlates of a decision in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of
... direction of motion in a dynamic random dot display1. The difficulty of the task was controlled by varying the fraction of coherently moving dots. At high motion coherences, the animal can commit to an action the moment the stimulus is seen. In contrast, near psychophysical threshold, the monkey mus ...
... direction of motion in a dynamic random dot display1. The difficulty of the task was controlled by varying the fraction of coherently moving dots. At high motion coherences, the animal can commit to an action the moment the stimulus is seen. In contrast, near psychophysical threshold, the monkey mus ...
Responses to irrational actions in action
... for by the analysis methods used. Whilst Marsh and Hamilton (2011) and Brass et al. (2007) examined responses to movies designed to be rational or irrational. Jastorff et al. (2010) correlated individual participants' ratings of action rationality with brain responses during observation. Here we wil ...
... for by the analysis methods used. Whilst Marsh and Hamilton (2011) and Brass et al. (2007) examined responses to movies designed to be rational or irrational. Jastorff et al. (2010) correlated individual participants' ratings of action rationality with brain responses during observation. Here we wil ...
Unit 1 SPPA 342
... relax to allow the bolus to enter the esophagus. (It is normally closed to prevent the reflux of food and to keep air out of the digestive system.) If the P.E. segment does not relax, food will build up in the pharynx and eventually spill over the top of the larynx into the airway. The cricopharyngu ...
... relax to allow the bolus to enter the esophagus. (It is normally closed to prevent the reflux of food and to keep air out of the digestive system.) If the P.E. segment does not relax, food will build up in the pharynx and eventually spill over the top of the larynx into the airway. The cricopharyngu ...
body
... o Differentiation is the change in a cell from an unspecialized state to a specialized state. o Reproduction refers either to the formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement, or the production of a new individual. What happens when one of these life processes does not occur properly? ...
... o Differentiation is the change in a cell from an unspecialized state to a specialized state. o Reproduction refers either to the formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement, or the production of a new individual. What happens when one of these life processes does not occur properly? ...
melanogaster
... exhibit a boost in their response to visual motion during ight compared to quiescence. Pharmacological application of octopamine evokes responses in quiescent ies that mimic those observed during ight, and octopamine neurons that project to the optic lobes increase in activity during ight. Using ...
... exhibit a boost in their response to visual motion during ight compared to quiescence. Pharmacological application of octopamine evokes responses in quiescent ies that mimic those observed during ight, and octopamine neurons that project to the optic lobes increase in activity during ight. Using ...
Effects of galanin on wide-dynamic range neuron activity
... Galanin is a 29-amino acid peptide with a suggested role in nociception. The effect of galanin on wide-dynamic range neuron discharge frequency in rats with nerve ligation, used as a model of neurogenic pain, was investigated by extracellular recording methods. Seven to 14 days after sciatic nerve l ...
... Galanin is a 29-amino acid peptide with a suggested role in nociception. The effect of galanin on wide-dynamic range neuron discharge frequency in rats with nerve ligation, used as a model of neurogenic pain, was investigated by extracellular recording methods. Seven to 14 days after sciatic nerve l ...
REGENERATION OF AN IDENTIFIED CENTRAL NEURON IN THE
... low magnification light microscopy, the formaldehyde of the axon in the terminal ganglion more often gave rise fixation was not adequate for the examination of cytoto supernumerary sprouts than at any other location. Sprouts arose less frequently from branch points and logical detail. Therefore, gan ...
... low magnification light microscopy, the formaldehyde of the axon in the terminal ganglion more often gave rise fixation was not adequate for the examination of cytoto supernumerary sprouts than at any other location. Sprouts arose less frequently from branch points and logical detail. Therefore, gan ...
Article - Leslie Vosshall - The Rockefeller University
... with and is modulated by foraging experience outside the confines of the hive (Winnington et al., 1996). Previous studies in Drosophila showed that exposing flies to a single odor for several days causes stimulus-dependent decreases in glomerulus volume (Devaud et al., 2001, 2003). These earlier exp ...
... with and is modulated by foraging experience outside the confines of the hive (Winnington et al., 1996). Previous studies in Drosophila showed that exposing flies to a single odor for several days causes stimulus-dependent decreases in glomerulus volume (Devaud et al., 2001, 2003). These earlier exp ...
Contextual Modulation of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons
... with the University Veterinarian, approved by the New York University Animal care and use committee, and were in compliance with the U.S. Public health service’s Guide for the care and use of animals. We recorded neuronal activity while animals were free to shift gaze around a visually stationary, d ...
... with the University Veterinarian, approved by the New York University Animal care and use committee, and were in compliance with the U.S. Public health service’s Guide for the care and use of animals. We recorded neuronal activity while animals were free to shift gaze around a visually stationary, d ...
Neuroanatomy
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Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.