Increased prefrontal activity and reduced motor cortex
... studies have shown that imagery can be used to improve strength related tasks (Ranganathan et al., 2004), but it is still a controversial issue with large individual differences. Although, one must also remember that there are differences between motor imagery and execution, and it has been shown th ...
... studies have shown that imagery can be used to improve strength related tasks (Ranganathan et al., 2004), but it is still a controversial issue with large individual differences. Although, one must also remember that there are differences between motor imagery and execution, and it has been shown th ...
Cerebral correlates of delta waves during non
... the thalamus. The discrepancy suggests that wakefulness data might indeed have played an important confounding effect in the identification of the cerebral correlates of delta waves. The present analysis shows, in non-sleep-deprived normal young adults, that rCBF in a set of brain areas is negativel ...
... the thalamus. The discrepancy suggests that wakefulness data might indeed have played an important confounding effect in the identification of the cerebral correlates of delta waves. The present analysis shows, in non-sleep-deprived normal young adults, that rCBF in a set of brain areas is negativel ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... Single subject. There are important limitations that arise from the use of single brain to develop a cerebellar atlas. A number of variables are by definition excluded from consideration. It is not possible, for example, to evaluate consistency of hemispheric asymmetry and the individual variation o ...
... Single subject. There are important limitations that arise from the use of single brain to develop a cerebellar atlas. A number of variables are by definition excluded from consideration. It is not possible, for example, to evaluate consistency of hemispheric asymmetry and the individual variation o ...
Implication of novel neurotransmitter systems in the regulation of
... 2.1. Regulation of reproduction in mammals The adaptive regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is crucial in the successful reproduction among the vertebrates. The central unit of this axis is formed by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing neurons which release the ...
... 2.1. Regulation of reproduction in mammals The adaptive regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is crucial in the successful reproduction among the vertebrates. The central unit of this axis is formed by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing neurons which release the ...
Cathepsin B–green fluorescent protein
... found in basement membranes, as well as in the non-basement membrane extracellular matrix of the developing central nervous system (Timpl, 1989; Beck et al., 1990; Tryggvason, 1993; Luckenbill-Edds, 1997; Colognato and Yurchenco, 2000). The molecular network directly in contact with the cellular sur ...
... found in basement membranes, as well as in the non-basement membrane extracellular matrix of the developing central nervous system (Timpl, 1989; Beck et al., 1990; Tryggvason, 1993; Luckenbill-Edds, 1997; Colognato and Yurchenco, 2000). The molecular network directly in contact with the cellular sur ...
Enlargement of Axo-Somatic Contacts Formed by
... USA), 0.05% sodium azide (w/v, from Sigma Chem.), and the GAD antibody at a dilution of 1 : 400. At the end of the incubation period, sections were rinsed in PBS over a 30-min period, and then incubated for 1 h at room temperature under constant agitation in the PBS/BSA/azide buffer containing bioti ...
... USA), 0.05% sodium azide (w/v, from Sigma Chem.), and the GAD antibody at a dilution of 1 : 400. At the end of the incubation period, sections were rinsed in PBS over a 30-min period, and then incubated for 1 h at room temperature under constant agitation in the PBS/BSA/azide buffer containing bioti ...
Axon Initiation and Growth Cone Turning on Bound Protein Gradients Cellular/Molecular Junyu Mai,
... suitable for in vitro neuronal culture and analysis. After decades of research on gradient surfaces (Genzer and Bhat, 2008), some sophisticated methods have been developed. These systems (Baier and Bonhoeffer, 1992; Dertinger et al., 2002; Moore et al., 2006) mostly required sophisticated device fab ...
... suitable for in vitro neuronal culture and analysis. After decades of research on gradient surfaces (Genzer and Bhat, 2008), some sophisticated methods have been developed. These systems (Baier and Bonhoeffer, 1992; Dertinger et al., 2002; Moore et al., 2006) mostly required sophisticated device fab ...
View/Open - Minerva Access
... two mechanisms: top-down feedback and coherence between these oscillations. By forming these units into circuits that can perform logic operations, we identify the different ways in which operations can be initiated and manipulated by top-down feedback. We demonstrate that more sophisticated and fle ...
... two mechanisms: top-down feedback and coherence between these oscillations. By forming these units into circuits that can perform logic operations, we identify the different ways in which operations can be initiated and manipulated by top-down feedback. We demonstrate that more sophisticated and fle ...
Sensorimotor cortical influences on cuneate nucleus
... cerebral cortex,12 which indicates that intrathalamic mechanisms are insufficient to account for the largescale synchrony of oscillations in vivo and emphasizes the role of corticothalamic feedback in large-scale synchrony. 15 This also poses the question of whether the cerebral cortex spreads the t ...
... cerebral cortex,12 which indicates that intrathalamic mechanisms are insufficient to account for the largescale synchrony of oscillations in vivo and emphasizes the role of corticothalamic feedback in large-scale synchrony. 15 This also poses the question of whether the cerebral cortex spreads the t ...
Section 1: Anatomy of the sensorimotor system
... There is currently controversy over exactly how many cortical motor areas exist. This is further confounded by disagreement over what criteria should be used to define a motor area. Proposed criteria include requirements that a motor area has projections to spinal motor neurons and a full representa ...
... There is currently controversy over exactly how many cortical motor areas exist. This is further confounded by disagreement over what criteria should be used to define a motor area. Proposed criteria include requirements that a motor area has projections to spinal motor neurons and a full representa ...
Programme - biomed.cas.cz
... 45. Regulation of RGS3 function by 14-3-3 protein E. BOUŘA, T. OBŠIL, Prague 46. Does 14-3-3 Protein Affect Conformation of FoxO4 DNA-Binding Domain? J. ŠILHÁN, E. BOUŘA, P. VÁCHA, P. HERMAN, J. VEČER, T. OBŠIL, Prague 47. Determinants of calmodulin binding site on the C-tail of TRPC6 channel E. FRI ...
... 45. Regulation of RGS3 function by 14-3-3 protein E. BOUŘA, T. OBŠIL, Prague 46. Does 14-3-3 Protein Affect Conformation of FoxO4 DNA-Binding Domain? J. ŠILHÁN, E. BOUŘA, P. VÁCHA, P. HERMAN, J. VEČER, T. OBŠIL, Prague 47. Determinants of calmodulin binding site on the C-tail of TRPC6 channel E. FRI ...
basic mechanisms of sleep
... the more specific organization of those systems in the control of the alternation of wake, non–rapid eye movement (NREM), and REM sleep. Although the main focus of the chapter is on the our own model of reciprocal aminergic-cholinergic interaction, we review new data suggesting the involvement of ma ...
... the more specific organization of those systems in the control of the alternation of wake, non–rapid eye movement (NREM), and REM sleep. Although the main focus of the chapter is on the our own model of reciprocal aminergic-cholinergic interaction, we review new data suggesting the involvement of ma ...
Author`s personal copy - Vanderbilt University
... Glaucoma is a common optic neuropathy with a complex etiology often linked to sensitivity to intraocular pressure. Though the precise mechanisms that mediate or transduce this sensitivity are not clear, the axon of the retinal ganglion cell appears to be vulnerable to disease-relevant stressors earl ...
... Glaucoma is a common optic neuropathy with a complex etiology often linked to sensitivity to intraocular pressure. Though the precise mechanisms that mediate or transduce this sensitivity are not clear, the axon of the retinal ganglion cell appears to be vulnerable to disease-relevant stressors earl ...
Serotonergic Integration of Circadian Clock and Ultradian Sleep
... frontal cortex: 0.24 ⫾ 0.04 (before TSOI) versus 0.30 ⫾ 0.05 (after TSOI), 5 rats; t ⫽ 1.12, df ⫽ 4, paired t test, p ⫽ 0.33. D, The ultradian, state-dependent neuronal activity also remains unaffected by TSOI injection (6 h recording in BF). quantify rhythmicity during transient processes and indif ...
... frontal cortex: 0.24 ⫾ 0.04 (before TSOI) versus 0.30 ⫾ 0.05 (after TSOI), 5 rats; t ⫽ 1.12, df ⫽ 4, paired t test, p ⫽ 0.33. D, The ultradian, state-dependent neuronal activity also remains unaffected by TSOI injection (6 h recording in BF). quantify rhythmicity during transient processes and indif ...
Representation of Behavioral Tactics and Tactics
... pair. If illuminated with cyan, it meant a future reach toward the illuminated target. If blue, it instructed a future reach away from the illumination. Thus, the visual cues instructed both the tactics to cope with the target pairs and the future actions to be selected. After a delay period (1–1.5 ...
... pair. If illuminated with cyan, it meant a future reach toward the illuminated target. If blue, it instructed a future reach away from the illumination. Thus, the visual cues instructed both the tactics to cope with the target pairs and the future actions to be selected. After a delay period (1–1.5 ...
Long-Term Depression in Identified Stellate Neurons of Juvenile Rat
... Stellate neuron synapses are devoid of HFS-induced LTP but exhibit LFS- and pairing-induced LTD Stellate neurons in layer II of the EC receive glutamatergic innervation from the pyramidal neurons in the deep layers and the axons of stellate neurons form the perforant path that innervates the dentate ...
... Stellate neuron synapses are devoid of HFS-induced LTP but exhibit LFS- and pairing-induced LTD Stellate neurons in layer II of the EC receive glutamatergic innervation from the pyramidal neurons in the deep layers and the axons of stellate neurons form the perforant path that innervates the dentate ...
Spatial distribution and characterization of non
... In mammals, there is a correlation between the number and progenitors subtypes and the number of neurons and size of the brain cortex. An increase in the number of basal progenitors in mouse cortex has been shown to increase brain size [15,16] but does not generate the folding in the cortex. Instead ...
... In mammals, there is a correlation between the number and progenitors subtypes and the number of neurons and size of the brain cortex. An increase in the number of basal progenitors in mouse cortex has been shown to increase brain size [15,16] but does not generate the folding in the cortex. Instead ...
facing page
... chronic misuse of toluene are dose-dependent. The dose used in our experiments is 2 000 ppm. This dose of toluene is considered as dangerous for health and life (Occupational Safety and Health Administration). Clinically, this dose is comparable to the inhaled exposure which produces euphoria in hum ...
... chronic misuse of toluene are dose-dependent. The dose used in our experiments is 2 000 ppm. This dose of toluene is considered as dangerous for health and life (Occupational Safety and Health Administration). Clinically, this dose is comparable to the inhaled exposure which produces euphoria in hum ...
Whisker movements evoked by stimulation of single pyramidal cells
... Neuronal activity in the motor cortex is understood to be correlated with movements, but the impact of action potentials (APs) in single cortical neurons on the generation of movement has not been fully determined. Here we show that trains of APs in single pyramidal cells of rat motor cortex can evo ...
... Neuronal activity in the motor cortex is understood to be correlated with movements, but the impact of action potentials (APs) in single cortical neurons on the generation of movement has not been fully determined. Here we show that trains of APs in single pyramidal cells of rat motor cortex can evo ...
2015 Cosyne Program
... community. Our researchers and computational scientists engage in a wide variety of exciting and technically challenging projects—including exploring applications of systems neuroscience research to machine learning, to enable "smarter" and more efficient computing devices. We help you work smarter, ...
... community. Our researchers and computational scientists engage in a wide variety of exciting and technically challenging projects—including exploring applications of systems neuroscience research to machine learning, to enable "smarter" and more efficient computing devices. We help you work smarter, ...
A thalamic reticular networking model of consciousness
... Hz), simulating background activity, but showed shortterm depression in such amplitudes at gamma frequencies (more than 30 Hz), simulating sensory transmission [55]. The same study also found that intra-TRN inhibition suppresses TRN tonic-spike selectively at non-gamma stimulus frequencies, which ar ...
... Hz), simulating background activity, but showed shortterm depression in such amplitudes at gamma frequencies (more than 30 Hz), simulating sensory transmission [55]. The same study also found that intra-TRN inhibition suppresses TRN tonic-spike selectively at non-gamma stimulus frequencies, which ar ...
Neural crest cells and axonal specificity
... pluripotency. A single neural crest cell can differentiate into any of several different cell types, depending on its location within the embryo. For example, the parasympathetic neurons formed by the vagal (neck) neural crest cells produce acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter; they are therefore ...
... pluripotency. A single neural crest cell can differentiate into any of several different cell types, depending on its location within the embryo. For example, the parasympathetic neurons formed by the vagal (neck) neural crest cells produce acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter; they are therefore ...
Chapter 13 Stress and Glucocorticoid Contributions to Normal and
... maintenance of the immune system, and inhibition of nonessential processes such as reproductive function. Collectively, these functions enable “fight or flight” behaviors to remove the organism from immediate danger, while later restoring bodily homeostasis. Although many hormones are released in re ...
... maintenance of the immune system, and inhibition of nonessential processes such as reproductive function. Collectively, these functions enable “fight or flight” behaviors to remove the organism from immediate danger, while later restoring bodily homeostasis. Although many hormones are released in re ...
The Optic Tectum in Fishes
... a bewildering variety of forms. In the various cyprinid and perciform species investigated, tectal cell receptive fields probed with flashed or moving spots of light vary greatly in size, ranging from roughly circular fields 2-5 degrees across to complex fields extending some 160 degrees. The latter ...
... a bewildering variety of forms. In the various cyprinid and perciform species investigated, tectal cell receptive fields probed with flashed or moving spots of light vary greatly in size, ranging from roughly circular fields 2-5 degrees across to complex fields extending some 160 degrees. The latter ...
Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum
... more inclined to systemize while females were more likely to empathize. It was then hypothesized that autism is marked by an extreme systemizing approach above and beyond the normal male’s predisposition to systemization (27–29). Social deficits observed in ASD as well as the increased prevalence in ...
... more inclined to systemize while females were more likely to empathize. It was then hypothesized that autism is marked by an extreme systemizing approach above and beyond the normal male’s predisposition to systemization (27–29). Social deficits observed in ASD as well as the increased prevalence in ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.