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Dense Core Vesicle Release: Controlling the Where as
... a very rapid endocytosis and destruction of DCV transmembrane proteins from the plasma membrane after DCV fusion. The question then became, why was DCV release increased in the CaMKII mutants? As very few DCVs were exiting the soma, the release must have been happening within the soma. The DCVs are ...
... a very rapid endocytosis and destruction of DCV transmembrane proteins from the plasma membrane after DCV fusion. The question then became, why was DCV release increased in the CaMKII mutants? As very few DCVs were exiting the soma, the release must have been happening within the soma. The DCVs are ...
Changes of Synaptic Density in the Primary Visual Cortex of the
... to estimate the degree of shrinkage from exposure to aldehydes during the perfusion itself because it would have required surgery before perfusion for each individual case. This is not, however, a limitation in our study since we compared densities of synapses at different stages of maturation rathe ...
... to estimate the degree of shrinkage from exposure to aldehydes during the perfusion itself because it would have required surgery before perfusion for each individual case. This is not, however, a limitation in our study since we compared densities of synapses at different stages of maturation rathe ...
Coincidence Detection or Temporal Integration?
... In cats, SII cortex receives direct projections from the ventrobasal complex (Spreafico et al., 1981; Burton and Kopf, 1984). We recorded neurons in SII cortex instead of primary somatosensory (SI) cortex because receptive fields in SII cortex are larger, and this increased the probability of encoun ...
... In cats, SII cortex receives direct projections from the ventrobasal complex (Spreafico et al., 1981; Burton and Kopf, 1984). We recorded neurons in SII cortex instead of primary somatosensory (SI) cortex because receptive fields in SII cortex are larger, and this increased the probability of encoun ...
Cross-modal Circuitry Between Auditory and
... or integration are comparatively rare. Furthermore, when neurons receiving auditory and somatosensory inputs have been reported, they showed the lowest incidence among the different patterns of multisensory convergence (Meredith and Stein, 1986; Wallace et al., 1992, 1993; Jiang et al., 1994a,b). Al ...
... or integration are comparatively rare. Furthermore, when neurons receiving auditory and somatosensory inputs have been reported, they showed the lowest incidence among the different patterns of multisensory convergence (Meredith and Stein, 1986; Wallace et al., 1992, 1993; Jiang et al., 1994a,b). Al ...
Cortical Connectivity Suggests a Role in Limb
... by the Bioethical Committee of the University of Bologna and complied with the European Directive 86/609/EEC and with the Directive of 22 September 2010 (2010/63/EU) on the care and use of laboratory animals. The animals were pretreated with atropine (0.04 mg/kg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine ...
... by the Bioethical Committee of the University of Bologna and complied with the European Directive 86/609/EEC and with the Directive of 22 September 2010 (2010/63/EU) on the care and use of laboratory animals. The animals were pretreated with atropine (0.04 mg/kg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine ...
Impaired insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression
... normal aging. Although genetic factors can predispose individuals to develop premature and excessive cerebral deposits of Aβ, most cases of AD-type dementia are sporadic and do not exhibit clear familial or genetic clustering. Recent exploration of biochemical, molecular, and cellular abnormalities ...
... normal aging. Although genetic factors can predispose individuals to develop premature and excessive cerebral deposits of Aβ, most cases of AD-type dementia are sporadic and do not exhibit clear familial or genetic clustering. Recent exploration of biochemical, molecular, and cellular abnormalities ...
The cortical connections of area V6: an occipito
... stimulation and their visual RFs were easy to map. In contrast, several cells of area V6A, located just dorsal to V6, were activated only by complex visual stimuli, or were completely insensitive to visual stimulation (Galletti et al., 1999a). Also, the activity of many V6A cells were modulated by a ...
... stimulation and their visual RFs were easy to map. In contrast, several cells of area V6A, located just dorsal to V6, were activated only by complex visual stimuli, or were completely insensitive to visual stimulation (Galletti et al., 1999a). Also, the activity of many V6A cells were modulated by a ...
Nondirected axonal growth on basal lamina from avian embryonic
... Explants. Retina explants were taken from E5 quail and E6 chick embryos. Mouse and rat retinae were dissected from E15-E17 embryos. Retinae were ex plan ted as 300-/-tm-wide strips attached to filters (Halfter et al., 1983) or as 300-/-tm-wide quadrants. Dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia we ...
... Explants. Retina explants were taken from E5 quail and E6 chick embryos. Mouse and rat retinae were dissected from E15-E17 embryos. Retinae were ex plan ted as 300-/-tm-wide strips attached to filters (Halfter et al., 1983) or as 300-/-tm-wide quadrants. Dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia we ...
A Circuit for Detection of Interaural Time Differences in the Brain
... This both allowed measurement of spikes within the nucleus laminaris and obviated the difficulties of extracellular recordings in the nucleus laminaris. Action potentials from single neurons in the nucleus laminaris are masked by the overwhelming field potential termed the neurophonic (Sullivan and ...
... This both allowed measurement of spikes within the nucleus laminaris and obviated the difficulties of extracellular recordings in the nucleus laminaris. Action potentials from single neurons in the nucleus laminaris are masked by the overwhelming field potential termed the neurophonic (Sullivan and ...
Connection Patterns Distinguish 3 Regions of Human Parietal Cortex
... Advance Access publication November 23, 2005 ...
... Advance Access publication November 23, 2005 ...
Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evidence for the Role of
... mediated in part by NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptors (Uchimura et al., 1989; Pennartz et al., 1991). These excitatory responses are modulated by catecholamines, as indicated by the effects of stimulation of VTA or locus coeruleus, the major source of dopaminergic and noradrenergic inputs, respe ...
... mediated in part by NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptors (Uchimura et al., 1989; Pennartz et al., 1991). These excitatory responses are modulated by catecholamines, as indicated by the effects of stimulation of VTA or locus coeruleus, the major source of dopaminergic and noradrenergic inputs, respe ...
computational modeling of observational learning - FORTH-ICS
... as perceiving, assigning meaning to actions and identifying intentions. In contrast, ToM takes a simulation stance, and suggests that to understand others we actively simulate their actions using our own experiences (Gallese and Goldman, 1998). By imagining ourselves in the place of t ...
... as perceiving, assigning meaning to actions and identifying intentions. In contrast, ToM takes a simulation stance, and suggests that to understand others we actively simulate their actions using our own experiences (Gallese and Goldman, 1998). By imagining ourselves in the place of t ...
What is a Tissue?
... • CNS no repairs are possible Formation of new neurons from stem cells was not thought to occur in humans There is a lack of neurogenesis in other regions of the brain and spinal cord. Factors preventing neurogenesis in CNS • inhibition by neuroglial cells, absence of growth stimulating factor ...
... • CNS no repairs are possible Formation of new neurons from stem cells was not thought to occur in humans There is a lack of neurogenesis in other regions of the brain and spinal cord. Factors preventing neurogenesis in CNS • inhibition by neuroglial cells, absence of growth stimulating factor ...
A Systematic Nomenclature for the Insect Brain
... Attempts to consolidate nomenclature for corresponding neural structures across insect species began in the 19th century (Flögel, 1876) and several recent studies have continued this tradition, either by providing 3D renditions of the brains of specific insect species or by resolving the organizatio ...
... Attempts to consolidate nomenclature for corresponding neural structures across insect species began in the 19th century (Flögel, 1876) and several recent studies have continued this tradition, either by providing 3D renditions of the brains of specific insect species or by resolving the organizatio ...
Edge of chaos and prediction of computational performance for
... family of computational tasks than another microcircuit C 0 ? Rather than constructing particular microcircuit models that carry out particular computations, we pursue in this article a different strategy, which is based on the assumption that the computational function of cortical microcircuits is ...
... family of computational tasks than another microcircuit C 0 ? Rather than constructing particular microcircuit models that carry out particular computations, we pursue in this article a different strategy, which is based on the assumption that the computational function of cortical microcircuits is ...
Theta rhythm and the encoding and retrieval of space and time ⁎ Michael E. Hasselmo , Chantal E. Stern
... Physiological data demonstrates theta frequency oscillations associated with memory function and spatial behavior. Modeling and data from animals provide a perspective on the functional role of theta rhythm, including correlations with behavioral performance and coding by timing of spikes relative t ...
... Physiological data demonstrates theta frequency oscillations associated with memory function and spatial behavior. Modeling and data from animals provide a perspective on the functional role of theta rhythm, including correlations with behavioral performance and coding by timing of spikes relative t ...
PDF
... reside within the hindbrain and control the muscles of facial expression and other pharyngeal arch II-derived structures. These neurons undergo a simple, stereotypical posterior tangential migration that is conserved in humans, mice and zebrafish (Chandrasekhar, 2004). In zebrafish, the first FBMNs ...
... reside within the hindbrain and control the muscles of facial expression and other pharyngeal arch II-derived structures. These neurons undergo a simple, stereotypical posterior tangential migration that is conserved in humans, mice and zebrafish (Chandrasekhar, 2004). In zebrafish, the first FBMNs ...
SpinalCord_Nerves_Plexus_Reflexes
... to a nearby sympathetic ganglion. Because these preganglionic axons are myelinated, this branch has a light color and is therefore known as the white ramus. A sympathetic nerve contains preganglionic and postganglionic fibers innervating structures in the thoracic cavity. ...
... to a nearby sympathetic ganglion. Because these preganglionic axons are myelinated, this branch has a light color and is therefore known as the white ramus. A sympathetic nerve contains preganglionic and postganglionic fibers innervating structures in the thoracic cavity. ...
The Prefrontal Cortex and Flexible Behavior
... complex, but they appear to be governed by a simple rule based on the structural relationship of pairs of linked areas, which we call the structural model for connections. Structure in this context refers to the number of cortical layers present in a given area, or the overall neuronal density, and ...
... complex, but they appear to be governed by a simple rule based on the structural relationship of pairs of linked areas, which we call the structural model for connections. Structure in this context refers to the number of cortical layers present in a given area, or the overall neuronal density, and ...
Caudal Topographic Nucleus Isthmi and the Rostra1
... neurons labeled in Imr, nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, or profundus mesencephali rostralis (PMr). The axons of neurons in those nuclei were reconstructed from serial sections and found to branch widely, sparsely innervating large areas of the tectum. Fourth, the dense thickets are not terminals o ...
... neurons labeled in Imr, nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, or profundus mesencephali rostralis (PMr). The axons of neurons in those nuclei were reconstructed from serial sections and found to branch widely, sparsely innervating large areas of the tectum. Fourth, the dense thickets are not terminals o ...
Discrete coding of stimulus value, reward expectation, and reward
... quantified as relative variance, which is 1 at p = 0.5 and is 0 at p = 0 and at p = 1. When analyzing ...
... quantified as relative variance, which is 1 at p = 0.5 and is 0 at p = 0 and at p = 1. When analyzing ...
CCNBook/Neuron
... being important, which will vary depending on the scientific questions being addressed with the model. The approach taken for the models in this book is to find some kind of happy (or unhappy) middle ground between biological detail and cognitive functionality. This middle ground is unhappy to the e ...
... being important, which will vary depending on the scientific questions being addressed with the model. The approach taken for the models in this book is to find some kind of happy (or unhappy) middle ground between biological detail and cognitive functionality. This middle ground is unhappy to the e ...
Apparent Loss and Hypertrophy of Interneurons in a Mouse Model
... that are characteristic for each form of NCL (Santavuori, 1988; Goebel, 1995, 1997). Biochemical studies of these deposits in CLN2, CLN3, and CLN4 have shown that the major protein component is subunit c of the mitochondrial ATPase (Hall et al., 1991; Kominami et al., 1992; Palmer et al., 1992). In ...
... that are characteristic for each form of NCL (Santavuori, 1988; Goebel, 1995, 1997). Biochemical studies of these deposits in CLN2, CLN3, and CLN4 have shown that the major protein component is subunit c of the mitochondrial ATPase (Hall et al., 1991; Kominami et al., 1992; Palmer et al., 1992). In ...
Neural substrates for conditioned taste aversion in the rat.
... long-lasting discharges in afferent fibers of the vagal (parasympathetic) and splanchnic (sympathetic) nerves with an onset latency of 5-10 min. According to their results, the following findings are noted: (1)The splanchnic and vagal nerves respond to LiC1 administered not only intraperitoneally bu ...
... long-lasting discharges in afferent fibers of the vagal (parasympathetic) and splanchnic (sympathetic) nerves with an onset latency of 5-10 min. According to their results, the following findings are noted: (1)The splanchnic and vagal nerves respond to LiC1 administered not only intraperitoneally bu ...
1 - BrainMaster
... events are published monthly. Most recent popular textbooks in the neurosciences also provide ample coverage of basic principles of adult neurogenesis, a topic which just 20 or 30 years ago was considered tangential, controversial, or unimportant. The discovery that some populations of neurons conti ...
... events are published monthly. Most recent popular textbooks in the neurosciences also provide ample coverage of basic principles of adult neurogenesis, a topic which just 20 or 30 years ago was considered tangential, controversial, or unimportant. The discovery that some populations of neurons conti ...
Neuroanatomy
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Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.