Neural correlates of stimulus–response and response–outcome
... same block were averaged together. In this way, free- and forcedchoice trials were matched for direction, outcome and position in block. To represent population activity, we first binned the firing rate of each neuron, from the beginning of each trial to the end of each trial. Then we subtracted the ...
... same block were averaged together. In this way, free- and forcedchoice trials were matched for direction, outcome and position in block. To represent population activity, we first binned the firing rate of each neuron, from the beginning of each trial to the end of each trial. Then we subtracted the ...
Spatiotemporal Properties of Eye Position Signals
... For each neuron, data were aligned on either the initiation of saccades or the onset and offset of visual stimuli. Saccades were detected using automated algorithms. After applying a 29-point finite impulse response filter to eye position data, horizontal and vertical eye velocities were obtained by d ...
... For each neuron, data were aligned on either the initiation of saccades or the onset and offset of visual stimuli. Saccades were detected using automated algorithms. After applying a 29-point finite impulse response filter to eye position data, horizontal and vertical eye velocities were obtained by d ...
Hippocampal mechanisms for the context-dependent retrieval of episodes 2005 Special issue
... selection of turns at the choice point. The neural model can guide correct behavior in the task, as shown here. The rat moves down the stem through multiple states (bsZ1 to bsZ2 to bsZ3), then into the right arm (bsZ4,5) where it receives reward (at bsZ5), and then follows the return path (bsZ6,7,8) ...
... selection of turns at the choice point. The neural model can guide correct behavior in the task, as shown here. The rat moves down the stem through multiple states (bsZ1 to bsZ2 to bsZ3), then into the right arm (bsZ4,5) where it receives reward (at bsZ5), and then follows the return path (bsZ6,7,8) ...
AAOS Now - Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society
... codes 20986 and 20987. Medicare did not assign RVUs to 20986 and 20987 in 2008 and were not reimbursing on these procedures. Review your local Medicare carrier to determine if they will reimburse on CPT code 20985 as some states have medical policies deeming this as a “not medically necessary” proce ...
... codes 20986 and 20987. Medicare did not assign RVUs to 20986 and 20987 in 2008 and were not reimbursing on these procedures. Review your local Medicare carrier to determine if they will reimburse on CPT code 20985 as some states have medical policies deeming this as a “not medically necessary” proce ...
THE AREA POSTREMA: A POTENTIAL SITE FOR CIRCADIAN REGULATION BY
... Three independent groups reported the molecular identification of two G proteincoupled receptors, PKR1 and PKR2, that share 87% sequence homology and bind prokineticins non-selectively with high affinity, and although PKR1 and PKR2 share a high degree of sequence conservation, their genes are prese ...
... Three independent groups reported the molecular identification of two G proteincoupled receptors, PKR1 and PKR2, that share 87% sequence homology and bind prokineticins non-selectively with high affinity, and although PKR1 and PKR2 share a high degree of sequence conservation, their genes are prese ...
Human Brain Networks: Spiking Neuron Models
... been noted that the transition from responsiveness to non-responsiveness in the individual patient is very sharp, almost an all-or-none transition [12]. This simply confirms the observations of generations of clinicians. And this raises the question of how to account for such a transition in terms o ...
... been noted that the transition from responsiveness to non-responsiveness in the individual patient is very sharp, almost an all-or-none transition [12]. This simply confirms the observations of generations of clinicians. And this raises the question of how to account for such a transition in terms o ...
Critical Time Window of Neuronal Cholesterol Synthesis during
... normal as assessed by histological stainings (Gallyas for myelinated fiber tracts; Golgi for random labeling of individual neurons) and marker expression (NeuN for differentiated neurons; Ctip2 for layer 5/6 projection neurons) (Fig. 1a– d). Neither microglia activation nor astrogliosis was observed ...
... normal as assessed by histological stainings (Gallyas for myelinated fiber tracts; Golgi for random labeling of individual neurons) and marker expression (NeuN for differentiated neurons; Ctip2 for layer 5/6 projection neurons) (Fig. 1a– d). Neither microglia activation nor astrogliosis was observed ...
Saccade-Related Spread of Activity Across
... First, we assumed that neurons within the SC are uniformly distributed (same number of cells per square millimeter everywhere on the map), as was assumed in previous studies. Second, we assumed that connection strength was determined by the distance measured on either the SC map (the SC-symmetric ke ...
... First, we assumed that neurons within the SC are uniformly distributed (same number of cells per square millimeter everywhere on the map), as was assumed in previous studies. Second, we assumed that connection strength was determined by the distance measured on either the SC map (the SC-symmetric ke ...
Hybrid Scheme for Modeling Local Field Potentials from Point
... the activity of point-neuron networks (e.g., population firing rates, synaptic currents and membrane potentials) has nevertheless been used as a proxy for the LFP when comparing with experiments. In a recent study comparing different candidate proxies, it was found that a suitably chosen sum of synap ...
... the activity of point-neuron networks (e.g., population firing rates, synaptic currents and membrane potentials) has nevertheless been used as a proxy for the LFP when comparing with experiments. In a recent study comparing different candidate proxies, it was found that a suitably chosen sum of synap ...
Saccade-Related Spread of Activity Across Superior Colliculus May
... First, we assumed that neurons within the SC are uniformly distributed (same number of cells per square millimeter everywhere on the map), as was assumed in previous studies. Second, we assumed that connection strength was determined by the distance measured on either the SC map (the SC-symmetric ke ...
... First, we assumed that neurons within the SC are uniformly distributed (same number of cells per square millimeter everywhere on the map), as was assumed in previous studies. Second, we assumed that connection strength was determined by the distance measured on either the SC map (the SC-symmetric ke ...
Local functions for FMRP in axon growth cone motility and activity
... (Fig. 3A), as done by others (Prange and Murphy, 2001), since it is difficult during this stage of development in culture (2 weeks) to unequivocally distinguish spines from filopodium based solely on morphologic criteria. This is because filopodia are abundant and many spines have an ambiguous morph ...
... (Fig. 3A), as done by others (Prange and Murphy, 2001), since it is difficult during this stage of development in culture (2 weeks) to unequivocally distinguish spines from filopodium based solely on morphologic criteria. This is because filopodia are abundant and many spines have an ambiguous morph ...
Basal Forebrain Projections to Somatosensory Cortex in
... experience. The cat striate cortex has proven to be a useful model for this enquiry. As Wiesel and Hubel first showed in 1963, the synaptic organization of cat visual cortex can be readily modified by sensory experience during the first 3 mo of postnatal development. For example, temporary closure o ...
... experience. The cat striate cortex has proven to be a useful model for this enquiry. As Wiesel and Hubel first showed in 1963, the synaptic organization of cat visual cortex can be readily modified by sensory experience during the first 3 mo of postnatal development. For example, temporary closure o ...
Stereotyped responses of Drosophila peptidergic neuronal
... Neuropeptides are produced by organs throughout the body and also by the nervous system itself. When neuropeptides act on neurons responsible for a particular behavior – such as feeding – they can inform those neurons about conditions elsewhere in the body and the brain. This enables the nervous sys ...
... Neuropeptides are produced by organs throughout the body and also by the nervous system itself. When neuropeptides act on neurons responsible for a particular behavior – such as feeding – they can inform those neurons about conditions elsewhere in the body and the brain. This enables the nervous sys ...
Saccade-induced activity of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus X
... excitation and the peak activity. Single cell responses were aligned to either saccade or stimulus onset and, because the number of saccades was variable between individual recordings, mean response histograms were processed. The histograms were built up only from measurements in which no saccade ap ...
... excitation and the peak activity. Single cell responses were aligned to either saccade or stimulus onset and, because the number of saccades was variable between individual recordings, mean response histograms were processed. The histograms were built up only from measurements in which no saccade ap ...
Dendritic Morphology of Pyramidal Neurons in the
... critical to determine what features of pyramidal neuron morphology in humans have been uniquely modified in evolution since the last common ancestor shared with great apes. In the current study, we used rapid Golgi staining to quantify differences in the neuromorphology of supragranular pyramidal neu ...
... critical to determine what features of pyramidal neuron morphology in humans have been uniquely modified in evolution since the last common ancestor shared with great apes. In the current study, we used rapid Golgi staining to quantify differences in the neuromorphology of supragranular pyramidal neu ...
Post-pubertal Emergence of Prefrontal Cortical Up
... Given that a D1 enhancement of NMDA-mediated responses has been observed in PFC pyramidal neurons (Wang and O’Donnell, 2001), we investigated whether combined administration of NMDA with a marginally effective dose of the D1 agonist enhanced the occurrence of spontaneous plateau depolarizations. Bat ...
... Given that a D1 enhancement of NMDA-mediated responses has been observed in PFC pyramidal neurons (Wang and O’Donnell, 2001), we investigated whether combined administration of NMDA with a marginally effective dose of the D1 agonist enhanced the occurrence of spontaneous plateau depolarizations. Bat ...
Microstructure of the neocortex: Comparative aspects
... the evolution of the vertebrate brain. One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is what is special about the neocortex of humans and how does it differ from that of other species? It is clear that distinct cortical areas show important differences within both the same and different species, ...
... the evolution of the vertebrate brain. One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is what is special about the neocortex of humans and how does it differ from that of other species? It is clear that distinct cortical areas show important differences within both the same and different species, ...
Stochastic neural network dynamics: synchronisation and control
... active responses in subsequent neurons, or inhibitory, encouraging inactive responses [22]; approximately 80% of neurons are excitatory in contrast to 20% of inhibitory neurons ...
... active responses in subsequent neurons, or inhibitory, encouraging inactive responses [22]; approximately 80% of neurons are excitatory in contrast to 20% of inhibitory neurons ...
Common Input to Motor Neurons Innervating the Same and Different
... Data were analyzed using Spike 2 and custom-designed software. Motor-unit discrimination was accomplished using a template-matching algorithm based on waveform shape and amplitude. An event channel representing the timing of discharges of accepted action potentials for a motor unit was generated. Th ...
... Data were analyzed using Spike 2 and custom-designed software. Motor-unit discrimination was accomplished using a template-matching algorithm based on waveform shape and amplitude. An event channel representing the timing of discharges of accepted action potentials for a motor unit was generated. Th ...
Effect of Tactile Inputs on Thalamic Responses to Noxious
... of tactile inputs on thalamic responses to noxious colorectal distension in rat. J Neurophysiol 88: 1185–1196, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00977.2001. Recent discoveries of visceral nociceptive inputs sharing the classical tactile pathway in the dorsal-column medial lemniscus system have opened a new venue for ...
... of tactile inputs on thalamic responses to noxious colorectal distension in rat. J Neurophysiol 88: 1185–1196, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00977.2001. Recent discoveries of visceral nociceptive inputs sharing the classical tactile pathway in the dorsal-column medial lemniscus system have opened a new venue for ...