The Cellular Basis of a Corollary Discharge
... ceramic layers and contributes to the high strength. (Inset) Typical compression load-displacement curves for materials with 56% porosity (three different samples shown here). The samples fail gradually, and, because of the large degree of control of hierarchical architecture, the mechanical behavio ...
... ceramic layers and contributes to the high strength. (Inset) Typical compression load-displacement curves for materials with 56% porosity (three different samples shown here). The samples fail gradually, and, because of the large degree of control of hierarchical architecture, the mechanical behavio ...
Reconciling simplicity and likelihood principles in perceptual
... from information theory, which I now discuss. Suppose that a sequence of alternatives is independently chosen according to the probabilities of the information source, and that this sequence of alternatives must be encoded in a binary sequence. Let us stipulate that the encoding must be noiseless, i ...
... from information theory, which I now discuss. Suppose that a sequence of alternatives is independently chosen according to the probabilities of the information source, and that this sequence of alternatives must be encoded in a binary sequence. Let us stipulate that the encoding must be noiseless, i ...
Neural Mechanisms of Reward in Insects - Chittka Lab
... case of aversive conditioning). If there is an increase in the proportion of the group of flies that orients toward the sucrose-associated odor post-training, flies are considered to have learned an odor preference (70). Both of these assays are classical conditioning paradigms in that the presentatio ...
... case of aversive conditioning). If there is an increase in the proportion of the group of flies that orients toward the sucrose-associated odor post-training, flies are considered to have learned an odor preference (70). Both of these assays are classical conditioning paradigms in that the presentatio ...
Representation of Events in Nerve Nets and Finite Automata
... actions are a response to certain stimuli means, in the simplest case, that the actions are performed when those stimuli occur and not when they do not occur. Since both the stimuli and the actions may be very complicated, the relationship between the two is very complicated. In order to simplify ou ...
... actions are a response to certain stimuli means, in the simplest case, that the actions are performed when those stimuli occur and not when they do not occur. Since both the stimuli and the actions may be very complicated, the relationship between the two is very complicated. In order to simplify ou ...
Examination of Rhythmicity of Extracellularly Recorded Neurons in the Entorhinal Cortex
... train binned by 0.01 s with lags up to 60.5 s. Without normalization, this may be interpreted as the counts of spikes that occurred in each 0.01 s bin after a previous spike (Fig. 1a). The mean was then subtracted, and the spectrum was calculated as the square of the magnitude of the fast-Fourier tr ...
... train binned by 0.01 s with lags up to 60.5 s. Without normalization, this may be interpreted as the counts of spikes that occurred in each 0.01 s bin after a previous spike (Fig. 1a). The mean was then subtracted, and the spectrum was calculated as the square of the magnitude of the fast-Fourier tr ...
For Peer Review - diss.fu
... MnR: 7.8 mm posterior to bregma, 0.8 from the midline, and 7.8 mm ventral to the dura (-6°). Hemisphere for injections into VTA was randomized prior to each experiment. The retrograde tracer Fluorogold (FG; 2-hydroxy-4,4-diamino-stilbene, 1% in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4; Fluorochrome, Denver, ...
... MnR: 7.8 mm posterior to bregma, 0.8 from the midline, and 7.8 mm ventral to the dura (-6°). Hemisphere for injections into VTA was randomized prior to each experiment. The retrograde tracer Fluorogold (FG; 2-hydroxy-4,4-diamino-stilbene, 1% in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4; Fluorochrome, Denver, ...
Chapter 36 Locomotion
... of the body or appendages. This rhythmicity makes locomotion appear to be repetitive and stereotyped. Indeed, locomotion is controlled automatically at relatively low levels of the central nervous system without intervention by higher centers. Nevertheless, locomotion often takes place in environmen ...
... of the body or appendages. This rhythmicity makes locomotion appear to be repetitive and stereotyped. Indeed, locomotion is controlled automatically at relatively low levels of the central nervous system without intervention by higher centers. Nevertheless, locomotion often takes place in environmen ...
Control of breathing by interacting pontine and
... afferent inputs. The present study focuses on the mechanoreceptor feedback mediated by pulmonary stretch receptors (PSRs). These mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical deformations of the lungs, trachea, and bronchi, and produce a burst of action potentials during each breath, thereby providing the ...
... afferent inputs. The present study focuses on the mechanoreceptor feedback mediated by pulmonary stretch receptors (PSRs). These mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical deformations of the lungs, trachea, and bronchi, and produce a burst of action potentials during each breath, thereby providing the ...
Distribution of GABA‐like immunoreactivity in the rat amygdaloid
... GABA-Li material. However, the pattern and location of The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the the neurons varied, as did their shapes, the density of their amygdaloid complex has been studied by using specific distribution, and the intensity of the staining in the anti-GABA antibodies ...
... GABA-Li material. However, the pattern and location of The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the the neurons varied, as did their shapes, the density of their amygdaloid complex has been studied by using specific distribution, and the intensity of the staining in the anti-GABA antibodies ...
Visual Response Properties in the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate
... frequencies, and a trend toward greater contrast sensitivity. The normal response properties in the 2⫺/⫺ dLGN show that none of the many effects of the mutation, including disrupted geniculate functional organization and abnormal cholinergic transmission, have any effect on spatial response charact ...
... frequencies, and a trend toward greater contrast sensitivity. The normal response properties in the 2⫺/⫺ dLGN show that none of the many effects of the mutation, including disrupted geniculate functional organization and abnormal cholinergic transmission, have any effect on spatial response charact ...
CCNBook/Neuron
... detailed, and they can make much simpler models that capture the same cognitive phenomena. We who relish this "golden middle" ground are happy when we've achieved important simplifications on the neural side, while still capturing important cognitive phenomena. This level of modeling explores how co ...
... detailed, and they can make much simpler models that capture the same cognitive phenomena. We who relish this "golden middle" ground are happy when we've achieved important simplifications on the neural side, while still capturing important cognitive phenomena. This level of modeling explores how co ...
Dissertation 20161009 Text Citations
... gyri, were found to have bilaterally greater responses to untrustworthy and trustworthy faces (Said et al., 2011; Winston, Strange, O'Doherty, & Dolan, 2002). In an fMRI study, Winston et al. (2002) found the right pSTS to be recruited for explicit judgments of trustworthiness, with larger activatio ...
... gyri, were found to have bilaterally greater responses to untrustworthy and trustworthy faces (Said et al., 2011; Winston, Strange, O'Doherty, & Dolan, 2002). In an fMRI study, Winston et al. (2002) found the right pSTS to be recruited for explicit judgments of trustworthiness, with larger activatio ...
Development of the Nervous System of Carinina ochracea
... proboscis housed in a fluid-filled secondary body cavity (the rhynchocoel), and a ring-shaped brain, encircling the proboscis insertion instead of the mouth opening [10,11]. Currenly available immunohistochemical observations on nervous system development in Nemertea draw a heterogeneous and still f ...
... proboscis housed in a fluid-filled secondary body cavity (the rhynchocoel), and a ring-shaped brain, encircling the proboscis insertion instead of the mouth opening [10,11]. Currenly available immunohistochemical observations on nervous system development in Nemertea draw a heterogeneous and still f ...
Effects of galanin on wide-dynamic range neuron activity
... of 0.9% saline as control group; –d–: galantide 1 nmol. Data are presented as mean 1 S.E.M. The statistical difference between groups was evaluated by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), ***P , 0.001 compared with the control group. ...
... of 0.9% saline as control group; –d–: galantide 1 nmol. Data are presented as mean 1 S.E.M. The statistical difference between groups was evaluated by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), ***P , 0.001 compared with the control group. ...
Epileptiform Activity Can Be Initiated in Various Neocortical Layers
... cerebral spinal fluid containing nominally zero magnesium. The neocortical slices (400-mm thick) were harvested from Sprague-Dawley rats (P21–28). Optical imaging was made by using a high speed photodiode array. Spontaneous epileptiform activity emerged 20 – 40 min after the preparation was perfused ...
... cerebral spinal fluid containing nominally zero magnesium. The neocortical slices (400-mm thick) were harvested from Sprague-Dawley rats (P21–28). Optical imaging was made by using a high speed photodiode array. Spontaneous epileptiform activity emerged 20 – 40 min after the preparation was perfused ...
18 Coordination in Behavior and Cognition
... must order themselves in new or different ways to accommodate current conditions. The patterns that emerge may be dened as attractor states of the collective variable dynamics; that is, the collective variable may converge in time to a certain limit set or attractor solution. Mathematically, system ...
... must order themselves in new or different ways to accommodate current conditions. The patterns that emerge may be dened as attractor states of the collective variable dynamics; that is, the collective variable may converge in time to a certain limit set or attractor solution. Mathematically, system ...
Single unit and extracellular firing rate recordings in vivo
... Spontaneous IPSCs were analysed with MiniAnalysis 4.2 (Synaptosoft, Leonia, NJ, USA): Peak amplitude, the 10-90% rise time, τdec (exponential decay time constant in a 100ms window from the time of peak) and frequency of sIPSCs were calculated. All events were visually inspected before analysis in or ...
... Spontaneous IPSCs were analysed with MiniAnalysis 4.2 (Synaptosoft, Leonia, NJ, USA): Peak amplitude, the 10-90% rise time, τdec (exponential decay time constant in a 100ms window from the time of peak) and frequency of sIPSCs were calculated. All events were visually inspected before analysis in or ...
The Neurons of the Medial Geniculate Body in the Mustached Bat
... within the mustached bat’s medial geniculate complex (Olsen, 1986). This arrangement undoubtedly reflects and also transforms the systematic pattern of best frequency prevailing in hindbrain and midbrain auditory centers (Pollak and Casseday, 1989). While a fovea may conserve one stimulus dimension ...
... within the mustached bat’s medial geniculate complex (Olsen, 1986). This arrangement undoubtedly reflects and also transforms the systematic pattern of best frequency prevailing in hindbrain and midbrain auditory centers (Pollak and Casseday, 1989). While a fovea may conserve one stimulus dimension ...
Linking Objects to Actions: Encoding of Target Object and Grasping
... estimates based on binned spike counts and dimensionality reduction using PCA or multidimensional scaling (Vargas-Irwin et al., 2015). We have also shown that the SSIMS algorithm is robust over a wide range of parameter settings and capable of accurately classifying reaching and grasping movements f ...
... estimates based on binned spike counts and dimensionality reduction using PCA or multidimensional scaling (Vargas-Irwin et al., 2015). We have also shown that the SSIMS algorithm is robust over a wide range of parameter settings and capable of accurately classifying reaching and grasping movements f ...
The Prefrontal Cortex and Flexible Behavior
... may arise overwhelmingly from the upper layers (II–III) of one area, mostly from the deep layers (V–VI) of another area, or in different laminar proportions in other areas. The axons of the various projection areas also terminate in different layers of the cortex of destination. Some areas innervate ...
... may arise overwhelmingly from the upper layers (II–III) of one area, mostly from the deep layers (V–VI) of another area, or in different laminar proportions in other areas. The axons of the various projection areas also terminate in different layers of the cortex of destination. Some areas innervate ...