Ion Channels in Bursting Neurons
... subject to only moderate amounts of external regulation (e.g., respiration). In other neurons, varying amounts of not necessarily periodic input will generate a periodic neuronal output. These types of neurons are usually referred to as conditional bursters and tend to be associated with behaviors t ...
... subject to only moderate amounts of external regulation (e.g., respiration). In other neurons, varying amounts of not necessarily periodic input will generate a periodic neuronal output. These types of neurons are usually referred to as conditional bursters and tend to be associated with behaviors t ...
The Spinal Interneurons and Properties of
... the range from 1.1–2.9 msec (overall median, 1.6 msec). For 14 pairs, EPSP duration at 50% peak amplitude ranged from 5.5– 22.9 msec (12.6 ⫾ 5.9 mV). For one pair, the duration was much longer (median, 132.3 msec), suggestive of a polysynaptic component. The fast rise and relatively short duration s ...
... the range from 1.1–2.9 msec (overall median, 1.6 msec). For 14 pairs, EPSP duration at 50% peak amplitude ranged from 5.5– 22.9 msec (12.6 ⫾ 5.9 mV). For one pair, the duration was much longer (median, 132.3 msec), suggestive of a polysynaptic component. The fast rise and relatively short duration s ...
Cues that hippocampal place cells encode
... situations distal visual stimuli were emphasized whereas local cues were minimized by randomizing their locations, by making them irrelevant to task performance (O’Keefe and Speakman, 1987; O’Keefe and Burgess, 1996), and sometimes by randomizing the location of ongoing behavior relevant to those cu ...
... situations distal visual stimuli were emphasized whereas local cues were minimized by randomizing their locations, by making them irrelevant to task performance (O’Keefe and Speakman, 1987; O’Keefe and Burgess, 1996), and sometimes by randomizing the location of ongoing behavior relevant to those cu ...
Similar Inhibitory Processes Dominate the Responses of Cat Lateral
... Recent evidence suggests that local inhibitory processes are major determinants of LAT neuronal activity and are central to its normal functioning as, for example, a decrease in GABAergic neurons within this structure is correlated with the development of kindled seizures (Callahan et al. 1991). In ...
... Recent evidence suggests that local inhibitory processes are major determinants of LAT neuronal activity and are central to its normal functioning as, for example, a decrease in GABAergic neurons within this structure is correlated with the development of kindled seizures (Callahan et al. 1991). In ...
Effect of Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity on Learning- Arc Efferent Neurons
... mRNA that did not overlap with the SYTOXstained nucleus (Guzowski et al., 1999). During this cellular analysis, Arc+ cells containing the blue/cy-5 PPE mRNA signal in and around the nucleus were classified as PPE-positive (PPE+). Arc+ cells that did not also contain blue/cy-5 staining were classifie ...
... mRNA that did not overlap with the SYTOXstained nucleus (Guzowski et al., 1999). During this cellular analysis, Arc+ cells containing the blue/cy-5 PPE mRNA signal in and around the nucleus were classified as PPE-positive (PPE+). Arc+ cells that did not also contain blue/cy-5 staining were classifie ...
Poly(A) Binding Protein Nuclear 1 regulates the
... strategies against multiple targets may dissect this mechanism and further shed light on the roles of Pabpn1 and polyadenylation in homeostatic plasticity. Finally, our findings show a potential link between Pabpn1 and neurological disorders in which plasticity is impaired. ...
... strategies against multiple targets may dissect this mechanism and further shed light on the roles of Pabpn1 and polyadenylation in homeostatic plasticity. Finally, our findings show a potential link between Pabpn1 and neurological disorders in which plasticity is impaired. ...
Persistent perceptual delay for head movement onset
... difference in reaction times (RTs) between GVS, light, touch and sound stimuli. They found that RTs to GVS were significantly slower by 197 to 241 ms compared to the other stimuli. These results were surprising because of the fast transduction latencies of the vestibular afferents. In addition, peop ...
... difference in reaction times (RTs) between GVS, light, touch and sound stimuli. They found that RTs to GVS were significantly slower by 197 to 241 ms compared to the other stimuli. These results were surprising because of the fast transduction latencies of the vestibular afferents. In addition, peop ...
NMDA Receptors Contribute to Primary Visceral Afferent
... synaptic transmission in the NTS may be due to true differences in the glutamate receptor subtypes activated in these different autonomic reflex pathways or to limitations of the microinjection technique, which typically relies on relatively large volumes (10–100 nl) of highly concentrated agents th ...
... synaptic transmission in the NTS may be due to true differences in the glutamate receptor subtypes activated in these different autonomic reflex pathways or to limitations of the microinjection technique, which typically relies on relatively large volumes (10–100 nl) of highly concentrated agents th ...
PDF Format
... sleep oscillations, TC and RE neurons, through intracellular recordings and, in some instances, by means of dual impalements of TC cells or TC and RE cells. Local inhibitory thalamic interneurons do not play a decisive role in spindle rhythmicity, as shown by short and arrythmic inhibitory postsynap ...
... sleep oscillations, TC and RE neurons, through intracellular recordings and, in some instances, by means of dual impalements of TC cells or TC and RE cells. Local inhibitory thalamic interneurons do not play a decisive role in spindle rhythmicity, as shown by short and arrythmic inhibitory postsynap ...
Gradual increase in neuronal density of rats
... 13. Meyer G, Albus K. Topography and cortical projections of morphologically identified neurons in the visual thalamus of the cat. J Comp Neurol 1981; 201: 353-374. 14. Hitchcock PF, Hickey TL. Morphology of C-laminae neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat: a Golgi ...
... 13. Meyer G, Albus K. Topography and cortical projections of morphologically identified neurons in the visual thalamus of the cat. J Comp Neurol 1981; 201: 353-374. 14. Hitchcock PF, Hickey TL. Morphology of C-laminae neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat: a Golgi ...
From spike frequency to free recall:
... between region CA3 and the entorhinal cortex may also be modified, forming stronger connections between each element of the memory and the patterns of activity occurring in other cortical areas. Whatever the case, this distributed change in the pattern of synaptic connectivity will allow later retri ...
... between region CA3 and the entorhinal cortex may also be modified, forming stronger connections between each element of the memory and the patterns of activity occurring in other cortical areas. Whatever the case, this distributed change in the pattern of synaptic connectivity will allow later retri ...
Reduced Levels of Acetylcholine Receptor Expression in Chick
... 1986; Jacob, 199 1). eiliary ganglia were dissected from normal, shamoczrated. aad lesioned embrvos on ED 5.6. 7. 8, 10. and 12 (stages 26, 28-29, 36-3 1, 34, 36, and 3@. Only lesidned k&b& with normal eye development as determined by gross inspection at the time of dissection were used. Ganglia wer ...
... 1986; Jacob, 199 1). eiliary ganglia were dissected from normal, shamoczrated. aad lesioned embrvos on ED 5.6. 7. 8, 10. and 12 (stages 26, 28-29, 36-3 1, 34, 36, and 3@. Only lesidned k&b& with normal eye development as determined by gross inspection at the time of dissection were used. Ganglia wer ...
Comparative neuronal morphology of the
... based on rapid Golgi stains. Finally, apart from a small number of traced molecular layer interneurons (N = 26; Sultan and Bower, 1998), there are few complete digital reconstructions of other neuronal types in cerebellar cortex. In terms of comparative neuromorphology, research has generally focuse ...
... based on rapid Golgi stains. Finally, apart from a small number of traced molecular layer interneurons (N = 26; Sultan and Bower, 1998), there are few complete digital reconstructions of other neuronal types in cerebellar cortex. In terms of comparative neuromorphology, research has generally focuse ...
Increased Expression of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) in
... rats (n = 14, 200-250 gm) were anesthetized (halothane, 2%) and the MPG on one side was surgically removed through a midline abdominal incision to interrupt axons of the pelvic visceral afferent cells in the lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord. The ...
... rats (n = 14, 200-250 gm) were anesthetized (halothane, 2%) and the MPG on one side was surgically removed through a midline abdominal incision to interrupt axons of the pelvic visceral afferent cells in the lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord. The ...
new techniques for imaging, digitization and analysis of
... in 3D entail manual tracing using custom packages such as NeuroZoom (Bloom et al., 1997) or Neurolucida (MicroBrightField, Williston, VT, USA). Such methods introduce systematic inaccuracies depending upon the individual performing the tracing, and fail to capture fine dendritic structure including ...
... in 3D entail manual tracing using custom packages such as NeuroZoom (Bloom et al., 1997) or Neurolucida (MicroBrightField, Williston, VT, USA). Such methods introduce systematic inaccuracies depending upon the individual performing the tracing, and fail to capture fine dendritic structure including ...
The Structure of Pairwise Correlation in Mouse Primary Visual
... Throughout sensory systems, neurons are organized by response preference, so that like-responding neurons are close to each other, creating a functional map [e.g., orientation pinwheels in primary visual cortex (V1)]. Despite the ubiquity of maps, their role is unclear. For example, although rodent ...
... Throughout sensory systems, neurons are organized by response preference, so that like-responding neurons are close to each other, creating a functional map [e.g., orientation pinwheels in primary visual cortex (V1)]. Despite the ubiquity of maps, their role is unclear. For example, although rodent ...
Reconciling Simplicity and Likelihood Principles in Perceptual
... interpretation of probability is used in many philosophical and mathematical contexts, it does not give a meaningful interpretation of probability in the present context. According to the frequentist account, the conditional probability of the distal layout, given the sensory input, P(Ht\D), is denn ...
... interpretation of probability is used in many philosophical and mathematical contexts, it does not give a meaningful interpretation of probability in the present context. According to the frequentist account, the conditional probability of the distal layout, given the sensory input, P(Ht\D), is denn ...
Identity-specific coding of future rewards in the human orbitofrontal
... their intended outcomes would have devastating effects on foodbased decisions. Despite the ecological relevance of outcome-specific predictive coding, which can be observed even in Drosophila (1), most research in human and nonhuman primates has focused on “common currency” signals of economic value ...
... their intended outcomes would have devastating effects on foodbased decisions. Despite the ecological relevance of outcome-specific predictive coding, which can be observed even in Drosophila (1), most research in human and nonhuman primates has focused on “common currency” signals of economic value ...
PDF
... completing the training paradigm, we tested the cats using three experiments. Experiment 1 was a 100-trial session including 50 ICMS-absent trials and 10 trials each of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µA pulse amplitude. This experiment was designed to test the cats’ performance in ICMS detection at differe ...
... completing the training paradigm, we tested the cats using three experiments. Experiment 1 was a 100-trial session including 50 ICMS-absent trials and 10 trials each of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µA pulse amplitude. This experiment was designed to test the cats’ performance in ICMS detection at differe ...
String Art: Axon Tracts in the Spinal Cord Spinal reflex arcs
... Note that all of the fibres to muscles in the upper and lower limbs cross at the pyramidal decussation. Fibres going to the axial muscles (about 15% of corticospinal fibres) remain uncrossed, travel in the anterior corticospinal tract and then supply motor neurons on both sides of the spinal cord. ...
... Note that all of the fibres to muscles in the upper and lower limbs cross at the pyramidal decussation. Fibres going to the axial muscles (about 15% of corticospinal fibres) remain uncrossed, travel in the anterior corticospinal tract and then supply motor neurons on both sides of the spinal cord. ...
Neural realisation of the SP theory
... In broad terms, the SP theory is conceived as an abstract system or model that works like this. It receives ‘New’ data from its environment and adds these data to a body of stored knowledge called ‘Old’. At the same time, it tries to compress the information as much as possible by searching for full ...
... In broad terms, the SP theory is conceived as an abstract system or model that works like this. It receives ‘New’ data from its environment and adds these data to a body of stored knowledge called ‘Old’. At the same time, it tries to compress the information as much as possible by searching for full ...
- Columbia University Medical Center
... are also expressed by proprioceptive sensory neurons, raising the possibility that cadherins regulate additional steps in the development of sensory-motor circuits. Introduction Many hundreds of neuronal cell types are generated during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)—a ...
... are also expressed by proprioceptive sensory neurons, raising the possibility that cadherins regulate additional steps in the development of sensory-motor circuits. Introduction Many hundreds of neuronal cell types are generated during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)—a ...
Pheromone signaling in the fruit fly Drosophila
... 1999, Gao and Chess 1999, Vosshall et al. 1999). In D. melanogaster there is a total of 62 olfactory receptors that are encoded by a family of 60 genes through alternative splicing (Robertson et al. 2003, Su et al. 2009). The amino-acid homology across this gene family is only about 20 %, indicating ...
... 1999, Gao and Chess 1999, Vosshall et al. 1999). In D. melanogaster there is a total of 62 olfactory receptors that are encoded by a family of 60 genes through alternative splicing (Robertson et al. 2003, Su et al. 2009). The amino-acid homology across this gene family is only about 20 %, indicating ...
the evolution of body and brain, and of sensory
... the body. When a region of our body is touched, we sense that and can also localize that with varying degrees of accuracy. However, that type of passive stimulation does not reveal what particular external agent (a hair, a bug or some other agent) has evoked this corporal, or selfcentered, sensation ...
... the body. When a region of our body is touched, we sense that and can also localize that with varying degrees of accuracy. However, that type of passive stimulation does not reveal what particular external agent (a hair, a bug or some other agent) has evoked this corporal, or selfcentered, sensation ...