the evolution of body and brain, and of sensory
... the body. When a region of our body is touched, we sense that and can also localize that with varying degrees of accuracy. However, that type of passive stimulation does not reveal what particular external agent (a hair, a bug or some other agent) has evoked this corporal, or selfcentered, sensation ...
... the body. When a region of our body is touched, we sense that and can also localize that with varying degrees of accuracy. However, that type of passive stimulation does not reveal what particular external agent (a hair, a bug or some other agent) has evoked this corporal, or selfcentered, sensation ...
- Columbia University Medical Center
... are also expressed by proprioceptive sensory neurons, raising the possibility that cadherins regulate additional steps in the development of sensory-motor circuits. Introduction Many hundreds of neuronal cell types are generated during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)—a ...
... are also expressed by proprioceptive sensory neurons, raising the possibility that cadherins regulate additional steps in the development of sensory-motor circuits. Introduction Many hundreds of neuronal cell types are generated during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)—a ...
The Role of Mirror Neurons in Movement
... during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the activity of these cells cannot be explained by any covert movement on the part of the monkey. The question arises as to how output cells (pyramidal tract neurons, P ...
... during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the activity of these cells cannot be explained by any covert movement on the part of the monkey. The question arises as to how output cells (pyramidal tract neurons, P ...
fulltext
... and control various aspects of neuronal activity to decipher their correlation to behavior. The Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (VGLUT2) packages glutamate into presynaptic vesicles for axonal terminal release. In this thesis, VGLUT2 was used to specifically target cell populations within the basa ...
... and control various aspects of neuronal activity to decipher their correlation to behavior. The Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (VGLUT2) packages glutamate into presynaptic vesicles for axonal terminal release. In this thesis, VGLUT2 was used to specifically target cell populations within the basa ...
Smell, Taste, Texture, and Temperature
... Five Prototypical Tastes, Including Umami. In the primary and secondary taste cortex, there are many neurons that respond best to each of the four classical prototypical tastes—sweet, salt, bitter, and sour5— but there are also many neurons that respond best to umami tastants such as glutamate (whi ...
... Five Prototypical Tastes, Including Umami. In the primary and secondary taste cortex, there are many neurons that respond best to each of the four classical prototypical tastes—sweet, salt, bitter, and sour5— but there are also many neurons that respond best to umami tastants such as glutamate (whi ...
Multiple Running Speed Signals in Medial Entorhinal Cortex
... MEC and thus be critical for the generation of grid cells (Hasselmo and Shay, 2014). The two signals necessary for path integration computations have been experimentally demonstrated to be present in MEC. Neurons coding for head direction (HD) arise in an ascending circuit, beginning in the lateral ...
... MEC and thus be critical for the generation of grid cells (Hasselmo and Shay, 2014). The two signals necessary for path integration computations have been experimentally demonstrated to be present in MEC. Neurons coding for head direction (HD) arise in an ascending circuit, beginning in the lateral ...
c-Jun Expression in Adult Rat Dorsal Root
... zone (17, 47, 52, 60, 62). The axons show some limited regrowth into the gray matter of the dorsal horn if the cut end of the root is placed adjacent to CNS gray matter rather than white matter (60). It is clear that CNS neurons are not inherently incapable of regenerative growth, since regenerative ...
... zone (17, 47, 52, 60, 62). The axons show some limited regrowth into the gray matter of the dorsal horn if the cut end of the root is placed adjacent to CNS gray matter rather than white matter (60). It is clear that CNS neurons are not inherently incapable of regenerative growth, since regenerative ...
Molecules and mechanisms of dendrite development in Drosophila
... endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi trafficking, or blocking cargo budding from the trans-Golgi network] lead to defects in dendritic growth and maintenance (Horton et al., 2005). The dependence of dendrite growth on Golgi outposts is also conserved in Drosophila. A forward genetic screen for mutati ...
... endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi trafficking, or blocking cargo budding from the trans-Golgi network] lead to defects in dendritic growth and maintenance (Horton et al., 2005). The dependence of dendrite growth on Golgi outposts is also conserved in Drosophila. A forward genetic screen for mutati ...
Medial Prefrontal Cortices Are Unified by Common Connections With Superior
... areas. The number of dots in the diagrams represents the relative density of labeled neurons; for the exact number of labeled neurons in each area, see Tables 2–4. The above conventions apply for all maps with labeled neurons. For abbreviations, see list. ...
... areas. The number of dots in the diagrams represents the relative density of labeled neurons; for the exact number of labeled neurons in each area, see Tables 2–4. The above conventions apply for all maps with labeled neurons. For abbreviations, see list. ...
Cross-modal Circuitry Between Auditory and
... shaft moved by an electronically driven, modified shaker (Ling 102A) as described in previous studies (Clemo and Stein, 1984; Meredith and Stein, 1986, 1996). Free-field auditory cues were electronically generated white noise bursts, 100 ms duration, 54–70 dB SPL on ‘A’ level. This stimulus was deli ...
... shaft moved by an electronically driven, modified shaker (Ling 102A) as described in previous studies (Clemo and Stein, 1984; Meredith and Stein, 1986, 1996). Free-field auditory cues were electronically generated white noise bursts, 100 ms duration, 54–70 dB SPL on ‘A’ level. This stimulus was deli ...
Ectodermal Placodes: Contributions to the
... vertebrate sensory systems. There are no markers for the identification of undifferentiated placodal epithelia, but derivatives of the nasal placode, for example, are characterized by unique production of GnRH and olfactory marker protein. Placode morphogenesis occurs by invagination and/ or delamin ...
... vertebrate sensory systems. There are no markers for the identification of undifferentiated placodal epithelia, but derivatives of the nasal placode, for example, are characterized by unique production of GnRH and olfactory marker protein. Placode morphogenesis occurs by invagination and/ or delamin ...
Input evoked nonlinearities in silicon dendritic circuits
... branches can be considered as independent computational units, and NMDA channels located within the branches potentially allow either linear or nonlinear computation depending on the input’s spatio-temporal pattern [1]–[6]. This evidence supports the two-layer model from Poirazi and colleagues [7], ...
... branches can be considered as independent computational units, and NMDA channels located within the branches potentially allow either linear or nonlinear computation depending on the input’s spatio-temporal pattern [1]–[6]. This evidence supports the two-layer model from Poirazi and colleagues [7], ...
PDF File - Max-Planck
... SoftWoRx suite. This feature is used to identify possible areas of colocalization throughout the image. It allows generation of a product image of two channels after subtracting a threshold value for each. A new channel that is a product of the two intensities at each data pixel is presented in fals ...
... SoftWoRx suite. This feature is used to identify possible areas of colocalization throughout the image. It allows generation of a product image of two channels after subtracting a threshold value for each. A new channel that is a product of the two intensities at each data pixel is presented in fals ...
Saccade-related spread of activity across superior colliculus may
... First, we assumed that neurons within the SC are uniformly distributed (same number of cells per square millimeter everywhere on the map), as was assumed in previous studies. Second, we assumed that connection strength was determined by the distance measured on either the SC map (the SC-symmetric ke ...
... First, we assumed that neurons within the SC are uniformly distributed (same number of cells per square millimeter everywhere on the map), as was assumed in previous studies. Second, we assumed that connection strength was determined by the distance measured on either the SC map (the SC-symmetric ke ...
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive - lsr
... globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus (STN).1 The globus pallidus is further divided into the external segment (GPe) and the internal segment (GPi); the substantia nigra is divided into the pars reticulata (SNr) and pars compacta (SNc). The CD and PUT are the two input stations, ...
... globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus (STN).1 The globus pallidus is further divided into the external segment (GPe) and the internal segment (GPi); the substantia nigra is divided into the pars reticulata (SNr) and pars compacta (SNc). The CD and PUT are the two input stations, ...
Sympathetic nervous system and inflammation: A conceptual view
... [pelvic organs], regulation of energy balance and nutrition [including the gastrointestinal tract], regulation of circadian timing of body functions, regulation of body protection [including the immune defense]). We have some knowledge about the central circuits involved in cardiovascular regulation ...
... [pelvic organs], regulation of energy balance and nutrition [including the gastrointestinal tract], regulation of circadian timing of body functions, regulation of body protection [including the immune defense]). We have some knowledge about the central circuits involved in cardiovascular regulation ...
Mouse Nerve Growth Factor Prevents Degeneration of Axotomized
... controls and in both groups of experimental animals. Thus, mouse NGF profoundly influences the process of axotomyinduced retrograde degeneration in cholinergic BFMC neurons in primates. The in vivo effectiveness of mouse NGF on primate BFMC neurons suggests that mouse or human recombinant NGF may be ...
... controls and in both groups of experimental animals. Thus, mouse NGF profoundly influences the process of axotomyinduced retrograde degeneration in cholinergic BFMC neurons in primates. The in vivo effectiveness of mouse NGF on primate BFMC neurons suggests that mouse or human recombinant NGF may be ...
DCN principal cells respond to spectral edges, which requires additional inhibitory effects in DCN
... with lower best frequencies (BFs) than the excitatory inputs to type IVs from the auditory nerve (AN) (Voigt and Young, 1990; Spirou and Young, 1991), an arrangement that could produce spectral edge sensitivity. The goal of this study was to test whether DCN type IV neurons encode rising spectral ed ...
... with lower best frequencies (BFs) than the excitatory inputs to type IVs from the auditory nerve (AN) (Voigt and Young, 1990; Spirou and Young, 1991), an arrangement that could produce spectral edge sensitivity. The goal of this study was to test whether DCN type IV neurons encode rising spectral ed ...
Frequency-Dependent Recruitment of Fast Amino Acid and Slow
... stimulation resulted in the appearance of synaptic currents following the stimulation artifact (Fig. 2 A). These picoampere currents, exhibiting fast onset and slow offset, were of slightly variable latency and could sometimes evoke a single action potential in the recorded cell (Fig. 2 A). A second ...
... stimulation resulted in the appearance of synaptic currents following the stimulation artifact (Fig. 2 A). These picoampere currents, exhibiting fast onset and slow offset, were of slightly variable latency and could sometimes evoke a single action potential in the recorded cell (Fig. 2 A). A second ...
view - E-LIB Bremen - Universität Bremen
... potential propagate with finite speed. Therefore, a spike is localized within a neuron and from the cell body travels down its neurites, activating synapses to other neurons in the process. An activated synapse perturbs the voltage of the downstream neuron and thereby potentially causes additional sp ...
... potential propagate with finite speed. Therefore, a spike is localized within a neuron and from the cell body travels down its neurites, activating synapses to other neurons in the process. An activated synapse perturbs the voltage of the downstream neuron and thereby potentially causes additional sp ...
The role of nitric oxide in the hypothalamic control of LHRH and
... [40]. Although there is no doubt that ovarian steroids affect the secretory activity of the hypothalamic ...
... [40]. Although there is no doubt that ovarian steroids affect the secretory activity of the hypothalamic ...
Distinct core thalamocortical pathways to central and dorsal primary
... (Schreiner et al., 2000). The cNB region has the highest spectral resolution (Q factor) measured with sound level at 40 decibels above threshold (Q40). A small dNB region has higher spectral resolution than adjacent cBB and dBB regions but lower median spectral resolution than the cNB region (Imaizu ...
... (Schreiner et al., 2000). The cNB region has the highest spectral resolution (Q factor) measured with sound level at 40 decibels above threshold (Q40). A small dNB region has higher spectral resolution than adjacent cBB and dBB regions but lower median spectral resolution than the cNB region (Imaizu ...