Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Directly Activates Noradrenergic
... Data analysis. The membrane potential was defined as the change in the electrode potential after withdrawal of the electrode from the membrane. Action potential threshold was defined as the potential at which the greatest change in slope of the membrane potential occurred, which was determined from ...
... Data analysis. The membrane potential was defined as the change in the electrode potential after withdrawal of the electrode from the membrane. Action potential threshold was defined as the potential at which the greatest change in slope of the membrane potential occurred, which was determined from ...
Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration
... and fewer oblique apical dendrites than layer II/III pyramidal neurons. The apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons branch closer to the soma than those of CA1 pyramidal neurons, which typically have a more distinctive main apical dendrite and tuft. CA3 pyramidal neurons also have a cl ...
... and fewer oblique apical dendrites than layer II/III pyramidal neurons. The apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons branch closer to the soma than those of CA1 pyramidal neurons, which typically have a more distinctive main apical dendrite and tuft. CA3 pyramidal neurons also have a cl ...
Network Self-Organization Explains the Statistics and
... Specifically, there exists a small population of very strong and stable synaptic connections, which may form the physiological substrate of life-long memories. This population coexists with a big and ever changing population of much smaller and strongly fluctuating synaptic connections. So far it ha ...
... Specifically, there exists a small population of very strong and stable synaptic connections, which may form the physiological substrate of life-long memories. This population coexists with a big and ever changing population of much smaller and strongly fluctuating synaptic connections. So far it ha ...
GABAergic neuron distribution in the pedunculopontine nucleus
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
neurophysics.ucsd.edu
... used for touch [5,6]. In humans and some other mammalian species, specialized orofacial movements produce vocalizations or speech. These actions, which are central to mammalian life, must be coordinated with a high degree of precision to prevent blockages of the airway and other maladaptive interact ...
... used for touch [5,6]. In humans and some other mammalian species, specialized orofacial movements produce vocalizations or speech. These actions, which are central to mammalian life, must be coordinated with a high degree of precision to prevent blockages of the airway and other maladaptive interact ...
Visual Adaptation: Physiology, Mechanisms, and Functional Benefits
... cortex and strongly suggest that retinal effects could contribute to perceptual contrast adaptation. Motivated by these in vitro retinal studies, Solomon et al. (2004) examined contrast adaptation in the LGN of anesthetized primates. They found that parvocellular cells are largely unaffected by adap ...
... cortex and strongly suggest that retinal effects could contribute to perceptual contrast adaptation. Motivated by these in vitro retinal studies, Solomon et al. (2004) examined contrast adaptation in the LGN of anesthetized primates. They found that parvocellular cells are largely unaffected by adap ...
Orcokinin peptides in developing and adult crustacean
... the central pattern-generating networks that control rhythmic movements of the foregut (Harris-Warrick et al., 1992). One of the most remarkable features of this nervous system is the richness and diversity of its neuromodulatory control systems. Specifically, although the stomatogastric ganglion (S ...
... the central pattern-generating networks that control rhythmic movements of the foregut (Harris-Warrick et al., 1992). One of the most remarkable features of this nervous system is the richness and diversity of its neuromodulatory control systems. Specifically, although the stomatogastric ganglion (S ...
Integrative neurobiology of energy homeostasis
... inactivation or selective expression of the insulin receptor in defined tissues and cell types have lead to a better understanding of the integration between peripheral and central insulin action. However, as exemplified by the studies of conventional NPY and AgRP-knockout mice, interpretation of resu ...
... inactivation or selective expression of the insulin receptor in defined tissues and cell types have lead to a better understanding of the integration between peripheral and central insulin action. However, as exemplified by the studies of conventional NPY and AgRP-knockout mice, interpretation of resu ...
Perceptual and Semantic Contributions to
... identical sounds and for repetitions of the semantically identically sounds (see Supplementary Fig. S1b and S1c, respectively). Once again, no statistically reliable differences were observed. Stimuli were likewise analyzed in terms of their mean harmonics-tonoise ratio (HNR), which was calculated u ...
... identical sounds and for repetitions of the semantically identically sounds (see Supplementary Fig. S1b and S1c, respectively). Once again, no statistically reliable differences were observed. Stimuli were likewise analyzed in terms of their mean harmonics-tonoise ratio (HNR), which was calculated u ...
Neurophysiological bases underlying the organization of intentional
... related to each other by meaning of the problem’’. In this definition ‘‘motor problem’’ clearly refers to what we usually identify with the concept of motor goal. Nevertheless, even very simple discrete movements – such as arm reaches, saccades or extension/flexion of a finger – can be considered as go ...
... related to each other by meaning of the problem’’. In this definition ‘‘motor problem’’ clearly refers to what we usually identify with the concept of motor goal. Nevertheless, even very simple discrete movements – such as arm reaches, saccades or extension/flexion of a finger – can be considered as go ...
Nervous Tissue
... Slow axonal transport. 1-5 mm per day. Travels in one direction only – from cell body toward axon terminals. Fast axonal transport. 200 – 400 mm per day. Uses proteins to move materials. Travels in both directions. ...
... Slow axonal transport. 1-5 mm per day. Travels in one direction only – from cell body toward axon terminals. Fast axonal transport. 200 – 400 mm per day. Uses proteins to move materials. Travels in both directions. ...
Grid Cell Mechanisms and Function: Contributions of Michael E. Hasselmo*
... A simple example is shown in Figures 1C and 2A for persistent spiking cells with baseline frequency of 3 Hz. If a rat moves with heading 0 degrees, then the speed-modulated head direction cells with preference for 0 degrees will increase the firing frequency of one population of persistent firing ce ...
... A simple example is shown in Figures 1C and 2A for persistent spiking cells with baseline frequency of 3 Hz. If a rat moves with heading 0 degrees, then the speed-modulated head direction cells with preference for 0 degrees will increase the firing frequency of one population of persistent firing ce ...
Brain asymmetry is encoded at the level of axon terminal morphology
... connectional asymmetry displayed by the left and right habenulae. Analysis of the morphology and projections of individual post-synaptic neurons suggests that the target nucleus has the capacity to either integrate left and right inputs or to handle them independently, potentially relaying informati ...
... connectional asymmetry displayed by the left and right habenulae. Analysis of the morphology and projections of individual post-synaptic neurons suggests that the target nucleus has the capacity to either integrate left and right inputs or to handle them independently, potentially relaying informati ...
The role of the basal ganglia in reinforcement learning
... negative events by suppressing firing rate is limited. This limitation of the dopaminergic signal suggests two possibilities. The first is that activity in the basal ganglia encodes both positive and negative values. The second is that activity in the basal ganglia encodes only positive values and n ...
... negative events by suppressing firing rate is limited. This limitation of the dopaminergic signal suggests two possibilities. The first is that activity in the basal ganglia encodes both positive and negative values. The second is that activity in the basal ganglia encodes only positive values and n ...
The distributed human neural system for face perception
... a latency of 344 ms (P350), was recorded at different electrode sites, including an additional face-responsive region in right anterior ventral temporal cortex, which may correspond to sites of activation in studies of the retrieval of biographical information associated with faces12,41,42. Function ...
... a latency of 344 ms (P350), was recorded at different electrode sites, including an additional face-responsive region in right anterior ventral temporal cortex, which may correspond to sites of activation in studies of the retrieval of biographical information associated with faces12,41,42. Function ...
Glycine Immunoreactivity of Multipolar Neurons in the Ventral
... and Young, 1980; Young et al., 1988). These local circuits, however, do not account for all of the response properties of DCN neurons. For example, type II units of the DCN are relatively unresponsive to broadband stimuli even when the stimuli contain energy within the excitatory response area of th ...
... and Young, 1980; Young et al., 1988). These local circuits, however, do not account for all of the response properties of DCN neurons. For example, type II units of the DCN are relatively unresponsive to broadband stimuli even when the stimuli contain energy within the excitatory response area of th ...
Nogo Receptor mRNA Expression in Intact and Regenerating CNS
... probes (Fig. 14). The most striking observation was that Nogo mRNA was more strongly expressed in many, but not all, classes of neurons than in the white matter (Figs. 15–20). Strong Nogo mRNA expression was found in the neurons of the neocortex and hippocampal formation and many thalamic nuclei (Fi ...
... probes (Fig. 14). The most striking observation was that Nogo mRNA was more strongly expressed in many, but not all, classes of neurons than in the white matter (Figs. 15–20). Strong Nogo mRNA expression was found in the neurons of the neocortex and hippocampal formation and many thalamic nuclei (Fi ...
One Computer Scientist`s (Deep) Superior Colliculus
... This thesis is dedicated to the study of the deep superior colliculus, a region of the vertebrate midbrain. The deep superior colliculus integrates visual, auditory, and other sensory input to localize stimuli and guide motor behavior. Its evolutionary preservation, its role in sensorimotor processi ...
... This thesis is dedicated to the study of the deep superior colliculus, a region of the vertebrate midbrain. The deep superior colliculus integrates visual, auditory, and other sensory input to localize stimuli and guide motor behavior. Its evolutionary preservation, its role in sensorimotor processi ...
