Saccade performance in the nasal and temporal
... smooth pursuit the eye tends to overshoot the target’s position and velocity but after a very short time the eye follows the target closely, even if the target disappears for a moment. When the target stops, the velocity of the eye declines and the duration of the negative acceleration is rather con ...
... smooth pursuit the eye tends to overshoot the target’s position and velocity but after a very short time the eye follows the target closely, even if the target disappears for a moment. When the target stops, the velocity of the eye declines and the duration of the negative acceleration is rather con ...
The effect of fasting on the ultrastructure of the hypothalamic arcuate
... the formation of membranous whorls was dependent on the oestrous cycle being most intense during the diestrus. According to the authors, high plasma levels of oestrogen may activate the arcuate neurons, and thus the formation of whorls. These structures were also observed in the arcuate neurons of m ...
... the formation of membranous whorls was dependent on the oestrous cycle being most intense during the diestrus. According to the authors, high plasma levels of oestrogen may activate the arcuate neurons, and thus the formation of whorls. These structures were also observed in the arcuate neurons of m ...
Mirror neurons and their clinical relevance
... with effectors as different as the right hand, the left hand, or the mouth. Furthermore, for the vast majority of neurons, the same type of movement (e.g. an index finger flexion) that is effective at triggering a neuron during one particular motor act (e.g. grasping) is not effective during anothe ...
... with effectors as different as the right hand, the left hand, or the mouth. Furthermore, for the vast majority of neurons, the same type of movement (e.g. an index finger flexion) that is effective at triggering a neuron during one particular motor act (e.g. grasping) is not effective during anothe ...
Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (March 20, 2003). 10.1152/jn
... distinguish currents of interest. These techniques can modify the ionic current profiles away from their in vivo manifestations. Adjustments were therefore made to the parameters reported in the literature to compensate for the specific experimental conditions used in characterizing the currents. Th ...
... distinguish currents of interest. These techniques can modify the ionic current profiles away from their in vivo manifestations. Adjustments were therefore made to the parameters reported in the literature to compensate for the specific experimental conditions used in characterizing the currents. Th ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit
... The cortical motor system in primates consists of a series of parieto-frontal circuits encoding different types of motor behaviour, among which are hand grasping, mouth and head movements, arm reaching and various types of eye movements. These circuits are activated by specific sets of sensory input ...
... The cortical motor system in primates consists of a series of parieto-frontal circuits encoding different types of motor behaviour, among which are hand grasping, mouth and head movements, arm reaching and various types of eye movements. These circuits are activated by specific sets of sensory input ...
Antennal Mechanosensory Neurons Mediate Wing Motor Reflexes
... not necessary for this antiphasic oscillation when visual feedback is available, indicating that there are multiple pathways for generating antiphasic movement of the wings. Collectively, our results are consistent with a model in which flying flies use JO neurons to detect increases in the wing-ind ...
... not necessary for this antiphasic oscillation when visual feedback is available, indicating that there are multiple pathways for generating antiphasic movement of the wings. Collectively, our results are consistent with a model in which flying flies use JO neurons to detect increases in the wing-ind ...
Total Wiring Length Minimization of C. elegans Neural
... using materials from [1] and new electron micrographs reported an updated set of data on electrical and chemical connections of the hermaphrodite worm. Although [3] was published in 2011, this updated connectivity dataset had been obtained before, and employed for example, in [4]. This refined datas ...
... using materials from [1] and new electron micrographs reported an updated set of data on electrical and chemical connections of the hermaphrodite worm. Although [3] was published in 2011, this updated connectivity dataset had been obtained before, and employed for example, in [4]. This refined datas ...
Activity-dependent editing of neuromuscular synaptic connections
... and opening the closed eye, even for years, did not reverse the connectivity in visual cortex. These results were among the first to demonstrate that relatively brief experiences during development could cause permanent changes in neural circuitry. Relatively little is known about how activity media ...
... and opening the closed eye, even for years, did not reverse the connectivity in visual cortex. These results were among the first to demonstrate that relatively brief experiences during development could cause permanent changes in neural circuitry. Relatively little is known about how activity media ...
Vision in Drosophila - University of Queensland
... One striking aspect of Drosophila vision research is how simple the behavioral paradigms often are, compared with the complexity of the underlying circuits introduced above. Again, this is because initial approaches to vision were necessarily reductionist. These assays often involved fly populations ...
... One striking aspect of Drosophila vision research is how simple the behavioral paradigms often are, compared with the complexity of the underlying circuits introduced above. Again, this is because initial approaches to vision were necessarily reductionist. These assays often involved fly populations ...
How do neurons communicate?
... see depolarization (change from negative inside neuron to more positive) ◦ “threshold” – if a great enough depolarization occurs, an action potential will occur ◦ action potential – very quick – milliseconds Other terms – spike, firing, generating an AP ...
... see depolarization (change from negative inside neuron to more positive) ◦ “threshold” – if a great enough depolarization occurs, an action potential will occur ◦ action potential – very quick – milliseconds Other terms – spike, firing, generating an AP ...
Mechanisms of Visual Attention in the Human Cortex
... studies, subjects were presented with images of colorful, complex stimuli in four nearby locations of the upper right quadrant of the visual field while they maintained fixation. Fixation was ensured by having subjects count occurrences of the letter T or L at fixation, an attentionally demanding ta ...
... studies, subjects were presented with images of colorful, complex stimuli in four nearby locations of the upper right quadrant of the visual field while they maintained fixation. Fixation was ensured by having subjects count occurrences of the letter T or L at fixation, an attentionally demanding ta ...
Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... remains one of the biggest challenges of contemporary neuroscience. While invasive recording in animal models can provide insight into neural processes that are conserved across species, our understanding of cognition more broadly relies upon investigation of the human brain itself. There is therefo ...
... remains one of the biggest challenges of contemporary neuroscience. While invasive recording in animal models can provide insight into neural processes that are conserved across species, our understanding of cognition more broadly relies upon investigation of the human brain itself. There is therefo ...
REVIEW
... mucosa suggest that GnRH modulates the activity of cells related to chemoreception. In support of this hypothesis, we have shown using patch clamp recording techniques that GnRH increases sodium conductances in mudpuppy olfactory neurons.26 We hypothesized that this may make these neurons more excit ...
... mucosa suggest that GnRH modulates the activity of cells related to chemoreception. In support of this hypothesis, we have shown using patch clamp recording techniques that GnRH increases sodium conductances in mudpuppy olfactory neurons.26 We hypothesized that this may make these neurons more excit ...
Genetic Diversity of Principal Neurons in the Hippocampus
... In order to understand how neural circuits process information, it is important to identify the genetic subpopulations that make up the circuits and elucidate their individual connectivities and functions. For example, in the olfactory system, individual olfactory sensory neurons express only one od ...
... In order to understand how neural circuits process information, it is important to identify the genetic subpopulations that make up the circuits and elucidate their individual connectivities and functions. For example, in the olfactory system, individual olfactory sensory neurons express only one od ...
General anaesthesia: from molecular targets to neuronal
... eliminates their ability to prevent the response to a painful stimulus, but it has little or no effect18 on the actions of alphaxalone, halothane or enflurane. Subsequent work showed that the mutation has no effect on the reduction in motor activity that is caused by etomidate39. A similar study19 i ...
... eliminates their ability to prevent the response to a painful stimulus, but it has little or no effect18 on the actions of alphaxalone, halothane or enflurane. Subsequent work showed that the mutation has no effect on the reduction in motor activity that is caused by etomidate39. A similar study19 i ...
Kandel ch. 42 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... retinal and extraocular muscles. Its output is focused on the ventromedial descending systems of both the brain stem (mainly the reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts) and cortex (corticospinal fibers acting on medial motor neurons). ...
... retinal and extraocular muscles. Its output is focused on the ventromedial descending systems of both the brain stem (mainly the reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts) and cortex (corticospinal fibers acting on medial motor neurons). ...
Effects of uniform extracellular DC electric fields on excitability in rat
... allowed to stabilize before applying the fields. Control responses were obtained before and after application of polarizing current. Orthodromic stimuli were applied >0.5 s after field application or termination. Unless otherwise stated, orthodromic stimulation intensity was adjusted to produce 30–7 ...
... allowed to stabilize before applying the fields. Control responses were obtained before and after application of polarizing current. Orthodromic stimuli were applied >0.5 s after field application or termination. Unless otherwise stated, orthodromic stimulation intensity was adjusted to produce 30–7 ...
Matching tutor to student: rules and mechanisms for
... but are not essential for our qualitative results (see Supplementary Information). B. The conductor–student synaptic weights Wij are updated based on a plasticity rule that depends on two parameters, α and β, and two timescales, τ1 and τ2 (see Methods). The tutor signal enters this rule as a deviati ...
... but are not essential for our qualitative results (see Supplementary Information). B. The conductor–student synaptic weights Wij are updated based on a plasticity rule that depends on two parameters, α and β, and two timescales, τ1 and τ2 (see Methods). The tutor signal enters this rule as a deviati ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... together these two systems mediate reward-related learning in basal ganglia circuits. Here, we addressed the potential contribution of cortical and thalamic excitatory inputs to the characteristic multiphasic responses of cholinergic interneurons in vivo. We first recorded and labeled individual cho ...
... together these two systems mediate reward-related learning in basal ganglia circuits. Here, we addressed the potential contribution of cortical and thalamic excitatory inputs to the characteristic multiphasic responses of cholinergic interneurons in vivo. We first recorded and labeled individual cho ...