Multisensory contributions to low-level, `unisensory` processing
... predict that for events generating sounds with simultaneous visual or somatosensory concomitants, the nonauditory portions of the response in auditory cortex would develop later than the auditory portions; this temporal dissociation would be similar to that for feedforward and feedback processes obs ...
... predict that for events generating sounds with simultaneous visual or somatosensory concomitants, the nonauditory portions of the response in auditory cortex would develop later than the auditory portions; this temporal dissociation would be similar to that for feedforward and feedback processes obs ...
computational and in vitro studies of persistent activity
... becoming much more responsive at the time of memory erasure (thin black trace). Reproduced from Fig. 2 in Brunel and Wang (2001) with kind permission of Springer. (B) Bifurcation diagram for a network as the one in A. The abscissa labels the strength of coupling among neurons of one same selectivity ...
... becoming much more responsive at the time of memory erasure (thin black trace). Reproduced from Fig. 2 in Brunel and Wang (2001) with kind permission of Springer. (B) Bifurcation diagram for a network as the one in A. The abscissa labels the strength of coupling among neurons of one same selectivity ...
Co-activation of VTA DA and GABA neurons mediates nicotine
... consequences.1 Dissecting the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of this disorder has recently made important progress with the use of genetically modified mice,2 but they remain far from being understood in detail. The identification of novel drug targets for the design of smoking cessation medica ...
... consequences.1 Dissecting the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of this disorder has recently made important progress with the use of genetically modified mice,2 but they remain far from being understood in detail. The identification of novel drug targets for the design of smoking cessation medica ...
Structural Repair and Functional Recovery Following Cerebral
... of somatostatin and related substances to for many of the regrowing tracts is proact as chemotactic or growth-promoting vided by a connective tissue sheath (capiagents in Melampus CNS regeneration, but tocerebral membrane). It covers the CNS there are many other substances, such as and fans out like ...
... of somatostatin and related substances to for many of the regrowing tracts is proact as chemotactic or growth-promoting vided by a connective tissue sheath (capiagents in Melampus CNS regeneration, but tocerebral membrane). It covers the CNS there are many other substances, such as and fans out like ...
Cortical Motor Organization, Mirror Neurons, and
... as to a fundamental tool for our knowledge of the world, for many years, this system was mainly considered in its executive aspects, such as, for example, movement parameters (Evarts 1968; Georgopoulos et al. 1982), or, at most, motor preparation (Weinrich et al. 1984). Interestingly, however, some ...
... as to a fundamental tool for our knowledge of the world, for many years, this system was mainly considered in its executive aspects, such as, for example, movement parameters (Evarts 1968; Georgopoulos et al. 1982), or, at most, motor preparation (Weinrich et al. 1984). Interestingly, however, some ...
The occipitoparietal pathway of the macaque monkey: comparison
... the fundus of the superior temporal area (FST). Although these observations could be interpreted as supporting the anatomicalhierarchical model, the evidence is still inconclusive, mainly because comparisons have been made between areas belonging to the occipitoparietal and occipitotemporal pathways ...
... the fundus of the superior temporal area (FST). Although these observations could be interpreted as supporting the anatomicalhierarchical model, the evidence is still inconclusive, mainly because comparisons have been made between areas belonging to the occipitoparietal and occipitotemporal pathways ...
new insights into the functions of the superior temporal cortex
... received a lesion at one location only. In all other animals in which Watson et al.2 made STS lesions, ablation was added to pre-existing brain lesions (of inferior parietal cortex in two cases, and of frontal cortex and corpus callosum in the third). One of these monkeys (the one with frontal and c ...
... received a lesion at one location only. In all other animals in which Watson et al.2 made STS lesions, ablation was added to pre-existing brain lesions (of inferior parietal cortex in two cases, and of frontal cortex and corpus callosum in the third). One of these monkeys (the one with frontal and c ...
Temporal Profiles of Axon Terminals, Synapses and Spines in the
... solution, and observed with an electron microscope (H9000, Hitachi). Paraffin sections of both faces were separately stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) or periodic acid fuchsin Schiff (PAS) or by Bodian silver impregnation or used for immunohistochemical detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein ...
... solution, and observed with an electron microscope (H9000, Hitachi). Paraffin sections of both faces were separately stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) or periodic acid fuchsin Schiff (PAS) or by Bodian silver impregnation or used for immunohistochemical detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein ...
PDF Document
... (ASICs), are widely expressed in the peripheral and central nervous system. We hypothesized that activation of ASICs requires the formation of local pockets or “microdomains” of decreased pH as there is evidence that this may occur physiologically at synapses38, where ASICs are concentrated and have ...
... (ASICs), are widely expressed in the peripheral and central nervous system. We hypothesized that activation of ASICs requires the formation of local pockets or “microdomains” of decreased pH as there is evidence that this may occur physiologically at synapses38, where ASICs are concentrated and have ...
An Introduction to the ANS and Higher
... • Parasympathetic Division • Preganglionic fibers originate in brain stem and sacral segments of spinal cord; craniosacral • Synapse in ganglia close to (or within) target organs • Preganglionic fibers are long • Postganglionic fibers are short • Parasympathetic division stimulates visceral activity ...
... • Parasympathetic Division • Preganglionic fibers originate in brain stem and sacral segments of spinal cord; craniosacral • Synapse in ganglia close to (or within) target organs • Preganglionic fibers are long • Postganglionic fibers are short • Parasympathetic division stimulates visceral activity ...
Regulation of synaptic functions in central nervous system by
... (Figure 1B) [21,37,38]. The response to leptin in ARC neurons mainly contributes to satiety. Leptin can also directly regulate mesolimbic VTA (ventral tegmental area) DA (dopaminergic) neurons (Figure 2A) [39]. Recently, a subgroup of neurons in LHA was identified to expresses LepRb, but not orexin/ ...
... (Figure 1B) [21,37,38]. The response to leptin in ARC neurons mainly contributes to satiety. Leptin can also directly regulate mesolimbic VTA (ventral tegmental area) DA (dopaminergic) neurons (Figure 2A) [39]. Recently, a subgroup of neurons in LHA was identified to expresses LepRb, but not orexin/ ...
Introduction
... event which is required for cytochrome c release in response to DNA damage in sympathetic neurons14, we anticipated that p53 deficient neurons might be resistant to apoptosis at multiple points in the apoptotic pathway. Consistent with this known premitochondrial function of p53 in neurons, while t ...
... event which is required for cytochrome c release in response to DNA damage in sympathetic neurons14, we anticipated that p53 deficient neurons might be resistant to apoptosis at multiple points in the apoptotic pathway. Consistent with this known premitochondrial function of p53 in neurons, while t ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... (CW) with respect to the longitudinal axis. Neuronal activity increased during rotation onto the left side and decreased during rotation onto the right side. The sign wave at the bottom of the figure indicates rotation about the longitudinal axis. An upward deflection indicates rotation onto the lef ...
... (CW) with respect to the longitudinal axis. Neuronal activity increased during rotation onto the left side and decreased during rotation onto the right side. The sign wave at the bottom of the figure indicates rotation about the longitudinal axis. An upward deflection indicates rotation onto the lef ...
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... et al., 2001; Engineer et al., 2004). Analysis of cortical synchronization was similar to that used in (Brosch and Schreiner, 1999). Cross-correlation functions were computed for each recording pair by counting the number of spike coincidences of the two clusters for various time shifts (¡50–50 ms) ...
... et al., 2001; Engineer et al., 2004). Analysis of cortical synchronization was similar to that used in (Brosch and Schreiner, 1999). Cross-correlation functions were computed for each recording pair by counting the number of spike coincidences of the two clusters for various time shifts (¡50–50 ms) ...
32 MaxPlanckResearch 3 | 09 Small but mighty: In mice, around ten
... The family of olfactory receptor genes is remarkable in a number of respects. Unlike almost all other genes, these genes are not interrupted by socalled introns – DNA segments that do not encode information about the structure of a protein. This intronless gene structure probably made it easier for ...
... The family of olfactory receptor genes is remarkable in a number of respects. Unlike almost all other genes, these genes are not interrupted by socalled introns – DNA segments that do not encode information about the structure of a protein. This intronless gene structure probably made it easier for ...
Visual and oculomotor selection: links, causes and
... SOA). (b) Average relative sensitivity values (microstimulation/control) are shown for each SOA tested (red dots) with red lines indicating the standard error of the mean. The blue arrow indicates the improvement in performance observed when the distractor was removed, with no FEF stimulation. Relat ...
... SOA). (b) Average relative sensitivity values (microstimulation/control) are shown for each SOA tested (red dots) with red lines indicating the standard error of the mean. The blue arrow indicates the improvement in performance observed when the distractor was removed, with no FEF stimulation. Relat ...
Temporal and spatial receptive field characteristics of tectal neurons
... yields the predicted responses of the cell to that stimulus. The visual system is specialized to detect different objects within different areas of the whole visual field and therefore a one dimensional description is far from complete. Two dimensional stimuli need to be used to describe the cell’s ...
... yields the predicted responses of the cell to that stimulus. The visual system is specialized to detect different objects within different areas of the whole visual field and therefore a one dimensional description is far from complete. Two dimensional stimuli need to be used to describe the cell’s ...
Representing Spatial Relationships in Posterior
... people performed and monitored the unit isolation during recording. Typically, the action potentials of between 20 and 30 neurons were isolated simultaneously. If isolation of a neuron’s activity was not maintained throughout the set of administered trials, the data from that neuron were discarded. ...
... people performed and monitored the unit isolation during recording. Typically, the action potentials of between 20 and 30 neurons were isolated simultaneously. If isolation of a neuron’s activity was not maintained throughout the set of administered trials, the data from that neuron were discarded. ...
Human Feature Extraction – The Role of the Articulatory Rhythm
... The functionality of a single neuron, i.e. the relation between its input and output, is well modelled by the physical relations based on the flow of ions [30]. Due to the electrical potential within a neuron, generated by the ion flow, a neuron can be set to a ‘state’, where it emits a train of ele ...
... The functionality of a single neuron, i.e. the relation between its input and output, is well modelled by the physical relations based on the flow of ions [30]. Due to the electrical potential within a neuron, generated by the ion flow, a neuron can be set to a ‘state’, where it emits a train of ele ...
Oxytocin Influence on the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
... suggests varied distribution of oxytocin receptors on NTS neurons, which in turn suggests that only a subset of second-order NTS neurons may be selectively influenced by the paraventricular nucleus via this mechanism. To better understand the site of oxytocin action, the authors assessed the synapti ...
... suggests varied distribution of oxytocin receptors on NTS neurons, which in turn suggests that only a subset of second-order NTS neurons may be selectively influenced by the paraventricular nucleus via this mechanism. To better understand the site of oxytocin action, the authors assessed the synapti ...