PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
... life, as the maturation of the brain and the formation of new and increasingly complex associative and temporary connections. Word is generally combined with other direct stimuli, and as a result it becomes one of the components of the complex: "... a word Conversion" alarm signal "occurs at the en ...
... life, as the maturation of the brain and the formation of new and increasingly complex associative and temporary connections. Word is generally combined with other direct stimuli, and as a result it becomes one of the components of the complex: "... a word Conversion" alarm signal "occurs at the en ...
computational modeling of observational learning - FORTH-ICS
... as perceiving, assigning meaning to actions and identifying intentions. In contrast, ToM takes a simulation stance, and suggests that to understand others we actively simulate their actions using our own experiences (Gallese and Goldman, 1998). By imagining ourselves in the place of t ...
... as perceiving, assigning meaning to actions and identifying intentions. In contrast, ToM takes a simulation stance, and suggests that to understand others we actively simulate their actions using our own experiences (Gallese and Goldman, 1998). By imagining ourselves in the place of t ...
Dopamine is produced in the rat spinal cord and regulates
... intravesical pressure (VA) are always calculated from the peak of voiding onset to the baseline of bladder activity. The voiding intervals (VI) are defined as the time duration between two continuous voiding onsets. Compared to the voiding behavior in naïve rats (A), spinal bladder reflex in SCI rats ...
... intravesical pressure (VA) are always calculated from the peak of voiding onset to the baseline of bladder activity. The voiding intervals (VI) are defined as the time duration between two continuous voiding onsets. Compared to the voiding behavior in naïve rats (A), spinal bladder reflex in SCI rats ...
Thalamic POm projections to the dorsolateral striatum of rats
... cytochrome oxidase to reveal thalamic cytoarchitecture (Land and Simons 1985; Wong-Riley 1979). The second series was processed for BDA as described before (Alloway et al. 1998; Kincaid and Wilson 1996). These sections were gently agitated in 0.3% H2O2 to reduce background enzymes and then in 0.1 M ...
... cytochrome oxidase to reveal thalamic cytoarchitecture (Land and Simons 1985; Wong-Riley 1979). The second series was processed for BDA as described before (Alloway et al. 1998; Kincaid and Wilson 1996). These sections were gently agitated in 0.3% H2O2 to reduce background enzymes and then in 0.1 M ...
Neural Networks
... networks (e.g. the classic neural network structure: the perceptron and its learning procedures), the smaller chapters give a short overview – but this is also explained in the introduction of each chapter. In addition to all the definitions and explanations I have included some excursuses to provid ...
... networks (e.g. the classic neural network structure: the perceptron and its learning procedures), the smaller chapters give a short overview – but this is also explained in the introduction of each chapter. In addition to all the definitions and explanations I have included some excursuses to provid ...
Neurofilament and Calcium-Binding Proteins in the
... motor cortex (Morecraft and Van Hoesen, 1992; Nimchinsky et al., 1996). Braak (1979b) also observed a magnocellular division of the perigenual cortex suggesting that there may be rostral and caudal subdivisions of Brodmann’s area 24. Finally, a thorough modification of Brodmann’s original scheme has ...
... motor cortex (Morecraft and Van Hoesen, 1992; Nimchinsky et al., 1996). Braak (1979b) also observed a magnocellular division of the perigenual cortex suggesting that there may be rostral and caudal subdivisions of Brodmann’s area 24. Finally, a thorough modification of Brodmann’s original scheme has ...
Implied Motion Activation in Cortical Area MT Can Be
... arises whether they show similar direction preference for implied motion and whether modulation of responses to one motion type by the other occurs at the level of MT. To address the above questions, we performed extracellular single and multiunit recordings in area MT of awake macaque monkeys while ...
... arises whether they show similar direction preference for implied motion and whether modulation of responses to one motion type by the other occurs at the level of MT. To address the above questions, we performed extracellular single and multiunit recordings in area MT of awake macaque monkeys while ...
Afferent Input to Nucleus Submedius in Rats
... chosen because of the ability to restrict the size and spread of the injections (Schmued and Fallon, 1986; Pieribone and Aston-Jones, 1988). Glass micropipettes with tip diameters of approximately 10 pm were used. In each case, Fluoro-Gold was iontophoretically injected using approximately 48 PA-min ...
... chosen because of the ability to restrict the size and spread of the injections (Schmued and Fallon, 1986; Pieribone and Aston-Jones, 1988). Glass micropipettes with tip diameters of approximately 10 pm were used. In each case, Fluoro-Gold was iontophoretically injected using approximately 48 PA-min ...
The habenular nuclei - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... The dorsal diencephalon, or epithalamus, contains the bilaterally paired habenular nuclei and the pineal complex. The habenulae form part of the dorsal diencephalic conduction (DDC) system, a highly conserved pathway found in all vertebrates. In this review, we shall describe the neuroanatomy of the ...
... The dorsal diencephalon, or epithalamus, contains the bilaterally paired habenular nuclei and the pineal complex. The habenulae form part of the dorsal diencephalic conduction (DDC) system, a highly conserved pathway found in all vertebrates. In this review, we shall describe the neuroanatomy of the ...
theta oscillation in the hippocampus
... Theta frequency field oscillation reflects synchronized synaptic potentials that entrain the discharge of neuronal populations within the D100–200 ms range. The cellular-synaptic generation of theta activity in the hippocampus was investigated by intracellular recordings from the somata and dendrite ...
... Theta frequency field oscillation reflects synchronized synaptic potentials that entrain the discharge of neuronal populations within the D100–200 ms range. The cellular-synaptic generation of theta activity in the hippocampus was investigated by intracellular recordings from the somata and dendrite ...
The Neural Foundations of Reaction and Action in Aversive Motivation
... Holland and Gallagher 2003; Niv et al. 2006). These responses are understood associatively as response-outcome (R-O) learning and include hierarchical control by the surrounding stimuli. A further distinction of actions from reactions is that actions are flexible behaviors rather than fixed responses ...
... Holland and Gallagher 2003; Niv et al. 2006). These responses are understood associatively as response-outcome (R-O) learning and include hierarchical control by the surrounding stimuli. A further distinction of actions from reactions is that actions are flexible behaviors rather than fixed responses ...
Vomeronasal Function - Oxford Academic
... neurons, it must be carried to the AOB by patterns of action feedback inhibition during mating, presumably by a potentials in vomeronasal afferent axons. Theoretically, a decrease in GABA release from granule cells, allowing an decrease in firing rate carries equal information to an overactivation o ...
... neurons, it must be carried to the AOB by patterns of action feedback inhibition during mating, presumably by a potentials in vomeronasal afferent axons. Theoretically, a decrease in GABA release from granule cells, allowing an decrease in firing rate carries equal information to an overactivation o ...
Behavioural Brain Research Learning processing in the basal ganglia
... became evident from studies on learning and memory carried out after the second half of the last century. Studies involving patients who became amnesic after lesion to the medial temporal lobe (such as patient H.M.) have shown that these patients conserved some learning and memory abilities later na ...
... became evident from studies on learning and memory carried out after the second half of the last century. Studies involving patients who became amnesic after lesion to the medial temporal lobe (such as patient H.M.) have shown that these patients conserved some learning and memory abilities later na ...
compound action potential: nerve conduction
... through the completion of the response is measured, the complete cycle time for the impulse can be measured. The inverse of this period can be used to estimate the maximum frequency of stimulation in pulses per milliseconds (ppmsec) or pulses per second (pps). When an action potential is produced in ...
... through the completion of the response is measured, the complete cycle time for the impulse can be measured. The inverse of this period can be used to estimate the maximum frequency of stimulation in pulses per milliseconds (ppmsec) or pulses per second (pps). When an action potential is produced in ...
Genesis and Control of the Respiratory Rhythm in Adult
... expiratory intercostal and abdominal muscles contract (Fig. 2A). On the basis of recordings of the activity of brain stem neurons that were rhythmically active in phase with respiration, six different types of neurons have been defined on the basis of their firing patterns, their membrane potential ...
... expiratory intercostal and abdominal muscles contract (Fig. 2A). On the basis of recordings of the activity of brain stem neurons that were rhythmically active in phase with respiration, six different types of neurons have been defined on the basis of their firing patterns, their membrane potential ...
Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic
... strategies to selectively study and manipulate such molecularly defined neuronal subpopulations within the BNST and elsewhere will be essential in the attempt to untangle and understand the neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic behaviour. This review provides an overview of our current under ...
... strategies to selectively study and manipulate such molecularly defined neuronal subpopulations within the BNST and elsewhere will be essential in the attempt to untangle and understand the neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic behaviour. This review provides an overview of our current under ...
AN INTEGRATIVE THEORY OF LOCUS
... mechanisms. The importance of arousal is undeniable: It is closely related to other phenomena such as sleep, attention, anxiety, stress, and motivation. Dampened arousal leads to drowsiness and, in the limit, sleep. Heightened arousal (brought on by the sudden appearance of an environmentally salien ...
... mechanisms. The importance of arousal is undeniable: It is closely related to other phenomena such as sleep, attention, anxiety, stress, and motivation. Dampened arousal leads to drowsiness and, in the limit, sleep. Heightened arousal (brought on by the sudden appearance of an environmentally salien ...
here - University of California San Diego
... Increased synaptic connectivity due to sensory axon plasticity. Using our conditioning lesion paradigm by injecting trace amount of EtBr, proprioceptive axon plasticity is greatly increased, resulting in greater extent of regeneration than sciatic nerve crush (manuscript in press, 10.1016/j.expneuro ...
... Increased synaptic connectivity due to sensory axon plasticity. Using our conditioning lesion paradigm by injecting trace amount of EtBr, proprioceptive axon plasticity is greatly increased, resulting in greater extent of regeneration than sciatic nerve crush (manuscript in press, 10.1016/j.expneuro ...
full text pdf
... more Why do neurons build synapses or neurites just to degrade them again later on during development? For one, neurons (many billions in the mammalian brain) must make many highly specific synaptic connections (often thousands for a mammalian neuron in the brain). Accordingly, many specificity path ...
... more Why do neurons build synapses or neurites just to degrade them again later on during development? For one, neurons (many billions in the mammalian brain) must make many highly specific synaptic connections (often thousands for a mammalian neuron in the brain). Accordingly, many specificity path ...
Ionic Mechanisms in the Generation of Subthreshold Oscillations and
... recordings. The model was also able to account for effects of pharmacological manipulations, including blockade of Ih with ZD7288, partial blockade with cesium, and the influence of barium on oscillations. In a model with a wider range of currents, the transition from oscillations to single spiking, ...
... recordings. The model was also able to account for effects of pharmacological manipulations, including blockade of Ih with ZD7288, partial blockade with cesium, and the influence of barium on oscillations. In a model with a wider range of currents, the transition from oscillations to single spiking, ...