Circuitry and Function of the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus
... Understanding auditory processing in terms of the neural circuits in the brain depends on working out the roles of the multiple parallel pathways of the brainstem auditory system. An excellent example is provided by Chapter 4 of this book (see Yin, Chapter 4), in which the role of the system consist ...
... Understanding auditory processing in terms of the neural circuits in the brain depends on working out the roles of the multiple parallel pathways of the brainstem auditory system. An excellent example is provided by Chapter 4 of this book (see Yin, Chapter 4), in which the role of the system consist ...
Identification of key signaling molecules involved - diss.fu
... Petzinger, Charlotte Rostock, Dr. Katrin Schrenk-Siemens, Christina SteinmeyerStannek, Dr. Hong Wang, and Dr. Hagen Wende. Besides, many thinks to my former colleagues in the lab at Max-Delbruck-Center in Berlin: Dr. Christina Hanack, Henning Kuich, Dr. Mirko Moroni, Jana Rossius, and Sonja Winkler. ...
... Petzinger, Charlotte Rostock, Dr. Katrin Schrenk-Siemens, Christina SteinmeyerStannek, Dr. Hong Wang, and Dr. Hagen Wende. Besides, many thinks to my former colleagues in the lab at Max-Delbruck-Center in Berlin: Dr. Christina Hanack, Henning Kuich, Dr. Mirko Moroni, Jana Rossius, and Sonja Winkler. ...
Uncovering the Forgotten Effect of Superior Cervical Ganglia on
... cause Horner’s syndrome. The role of sympathetic systems regulating pupil diameter should be also investigated if any light reflex anomalies are observed during SAH. In the current study it was noticed that superior cevical ganglia neuron density has an interesting role on the regulation of pupil di ...
... cause Horner’s syndrome. The role of sympathetic systems regulating pupil diameter should be also investigated if any light reflex anomalies are observed during SAH. In the current study it was noticed that superior cevical ganglia neuron density has an interesting role on the regulation of pupil di ...
Glutamate Inhibits GABA Excitatory Activity in
... suggest that GABAergic activity develops early and that glutamate activity occurs soon after. This raises the question as to the possible interaction between the two primary transmitters of the brain during early development. If both GABA and glutamate are excitatory, what prevents the neurons in th ...
... suggest that GABAergic activity develops early and that glutamate activity occurs soon after. This raises the question as to the possible interaction between the two primary transmitters of the brain during early development. If both GABA and glutamate are excitatory, what prevents the neurons in th ...
Change of vanilloid receptor 1 expression in dorsal root ganglion
... L5 DRG in rats at the pre-injection day and days 1, 14, 28 after CFA injection. The percentage of VR1-expressing neurons from each DRG that belonged to corresponding cell size was indicated. At day 14 and day 28, VR1-positive staining appeared more frequently in medium DRG neurons (600^1000 mm2). Am ...
... L5 DRG in rats at the pre-injection day and days 1, 14, 28 after CFA injection. The percentage of VR1-expressing neurons from each DRG that belonged to corresponding cell size was indicated. At day 14 and day 28, VR1-positive staining appeared more frequently in medium DRG neurons (600^1000 mm2). Am ...
Topographically Specific Hippocampal Projections Target Functionally Distinct Prefrontal Areas in the
... cal architectonic type (Fig. I), whereas the prcsubiculum and parasubiculum can be considered periallocortical (Saunders and Rosene, 1988). Projections from the entorhinal cortex, which were included in cortical studies previously (e.g., Rarbas, 1993), will not be considered here. Investigators gene ...
... cal architectonic type (Fig. I), whereas the prcsubiculum and parasubiculum can be considered periallocortical (Saunders and Rosene, 1988). Projections from the entorhinal cortex, which were included in cortical studies previously (e.g., Rarbas, 1993), will not be considered here. Investigators gene ...
Vestibular System: The Many Facets of a
... Cohen 2002, Wilson & Schor 1999). Techniques based on control systems theory have been used to establish the sensorimotor transformations by which vestibular information is transformed into a motor output. This approach followed logically from the influential theory of a reflex chain made popular more ...
... Cohen 2002, Wilson & Schor 1999). Techniques based on control systems theory have been used to establish the sensorimotor transformations by which vestibular information is transformed into a motor output. This approach followed logically from the influential theory of a reflex chain made popular more ...
Differential innervation of superficial versus deep - HAL
... Convergent data showed that bulbo-spinal serotonergic projections exert complex modulatory influences on nociceptive signaling within the dorsal horn. These neurons are located in the B3 area which comprises the median raphe magnus (RMg) and the lateral paragigantocellular reticular (LPGi) nuclei. Be ...
... Convergent data showed that bulbo-spinal serotonergic projections exert complex modulatory influences on nociceptive signaling within the dorsal horn. These neurons are located in the B3 area which comprises the median raphe magnus (RMg) and the lateral paragigantocellular reticular (LPGi) nuclei. Be ...
Full PDF
... inputs; the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synaptic contacts is ⬃10:1, which is unprecedented in the CNS (71). This pattern of synaptic organization, which results in noise assuming the characteristics of signal, allows hypocretinergic neurons to be easily activated, leading to rapid arousal (71) ...
... inputs; the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synaptic contacts is ⬃10:1, which is unprecedented in the CNS (71). This pattern of synaptic organization, which results in noise assuming the characteristics of signal, allows hypocretinergic neurons to be easily activated, leading to rapid arousal (71) ...
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... clusters of 5-HT-IR neuron somata were distributed similarly in ganglia of the two species. In the cerebropleural ganglion complex, these were the metacerebral giant neurons (both species), a dorsal anterior cluster (Pleurobranchaea only), a dorsal medial cluster including identified neurons of the ...
... clusters of 5-HT-IR neuron somata were distributed similarly in ganglia of the two species. In the cerebropleural ganglion complex, these were the metacerebral giant neurons (both species), a dorsal anterior cluster (Pleurobranchaea only), a dorsal medial cluster including identified neurons of the ...
2011-Morrison and Nakamura_review
... cool and warm cutaneous thermosensory signals that are transmitted to the POA by separate populations of LPB neurons are essential for eliciting rapid thermoregulatory responses to defend body temperature from a variety of thermal challenges. 3.2. Visceral and spinal thermal receptor afferents In ad ...
... cool and warm cutaneous thermosensory signals that are transmitted to the POA by separate populations of LPB neurons are essential for eliciting rapid thermoregulatory responses to defend body temperature from a variety of thermal challenges. 3.2. Visceral and spinal thermal receptor afferents In ad ...
Potassium Currents Responsible for Inward and Outward
... were injected intracellularly with biocytin at the end of the recording period. All of the injected neuronshad the characteristic morphological features of the spiny projection neurons, which have been describedin detail previously (Wilson and Groves, 1980; Kawaguchi et al., 1989, 1990) (Fig. 1A). T ...
... were injected intracellularly with biocytin at the end of the recording period. All of the injected neuronshad the characteristic morphological features of the spiny projection neurons, which have been describedin detail previously (Wilson and Groves, 1980; Kawaguchi et al., 1989, 1990) (Fig. 1A). T ...
in Primate STT Cells Differentially Modulate Brief
... Dickenson 1998). A behavioral study found that the nociceptive responses in the second phase of the formalin test were potentiated by a group II agonist but slightly reduced by a group III agonist (Fisher and Coderre 1996). The present electrophysiological study of primate spinothalamic tract (STT) ...
... Dickenson 1998). A behavioral study found that the nociceptive responses in the second phase of the formalin test were potentiated by a group II agonist but slightly reduced by a group III agonist (Fisher and Coderre 1996). The present electrophysiological study of primate spinothalamic tract (STT) ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... PBS and 4% PFA. Brains were stored in 4% PFA for 12–18 h at 4°C before being transferred to 0.01 M PBS. Slices were cut on a VT-1000S vibratome (Leica) at 50 –70 m thickness and placed on gel-coated glass slides. ProLong Gold anti-fade reagent with DAPI (Invitrogen) was applied to the surface of th ...
... PBS and 4% PFA. Brains were stored in 4% PFA for 12–18 h at 4°C before being transferred to 0.01 M PBS. Slices were cut on a VT-1000S vibratome (Leica) at 50 –70 m thickness and placed on gel-coated glass slides. ProLong Gold anti-fade reagent with DAPI (Invitrogen) was applied to the surface of th ...
Volatile Solvents as Drugs of Abuse: Focus on the Cortico
... Volatile solvents such as those found in fuels, paints, and thinners are found throughout the world and are used in a variety of industrial applications. However, these compounds are also often intentionally inhaled at high concentrations to produce intoxication. While solvent use has been recognize ...
... Volatile solvents such as those found in fuels, paints, and thinners are found throughout the world and are used in a variety of industrial applications. However, these compounds are also often intentionally inhaled at high concentrations to produce intoxication. While solvent use has been recognize ...
Striatal Plasticity and Basal Ganglia Circuit Function
... The indirect-pathway circuit originates from striatopallidal MSNs. Indirect-pathway MSNs form inhibitory synapses on GABAergic pallidal neurons, which in turn project to glutamatergic neurons in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Subthalamic neurons send axons to basal ganglia output nuclei (GPi and SNr ...
... The indirect-pathway circuit originates from striatopallidal MSNs. Indirect-pathway MSNs form inhibitory synapses on GABAergic pallidal neurons, which in turn project to glutamatergic neurons in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Subthalamic neurons send axons to basal ganglia output nuclei (GPi and SNr ...
Nicotinic Receptors in Addiction Pathways
... dopamine release probability after a single action potential is quite high, further release by subsequent action potentials in a burst is limited by short-term depression. The role of nAChRs in mediating this flattening of the frequency-response curve has been demonstrated using pharmacological and ...
... dopamine release probability after a single action potential is quite high, further release by subsequent action potentials in a burst is limited by short-term depression. The role of nAChRs in mediating this flattening of the frequency-response curve has been demonstrated using pharmacological and ...
Characterization of peripheral osmoreceptors - diss.fu
... containing membrane-impermeant substances lead to water efflux from the cell cytoplasm thereby dehydrating the cell and decreasing its volume ...
... containing membrane-impermeant substances lead to water efflux from the cell cytoplasm thereby dehydrating the cell and decreasing its volume ...
Vasopressin Receptors of the Vasopressor (V,)
... (W-80 V) to the micropipette for 2-3 min. The slices were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution in PBS for 2-3 min and immersed in 30% sucrose in PBS. Sixty-pm-thick sections were cut in a cryostat. Following counterstaining of the sections with Neutral Red, the blue spots marking the recording site ...
... (W-80 V) to the micropipette for 2-3 min. The slices were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution in PBS for 2-3 min and immersed in 30% sucrose in PBS. Sixty-pm-thick sections were cut in a cryostat. Following counterstaining of the sections with Neutral Red, the blue spots marking the recording site ...
The Diversity of Cortical Interneurons
... organized. To understand the diversity of neurons, the term, "Cell Type", has been used to classify neurons based on their morphologies, firing patterns, connections and cytochemical markers. A cell type is the elementary computational element in the brain machine and identification of the functiona ...
... organized. To understand the diversity of neurons, the term, "Cell Type", has been used to classify neurons based on their morphologies, firing patterns, connections and cytochemical markers. A cell type is the elementary computational element in the brain machine and identification of the functiona ...
Within-hemifield perceptual averaging of facial expressions
... Vogles, 2000). Large receptive fields allow neuronal responses to be relatively independent of stimulus position, thereby achieving position invariant coding of complex patterns. However, large receptive fields also incur a cost of reduced spatial resolution, and this is problematic in a typical vis ...
... Vogles, 2000). Large receptive fields allow neuronal responses to be relatively independent of stimulus position, thereby achieving position invariant coding of complex patterns. However, large receptive fields also incur a cost of reduced spatial resolution, and this is problematic in a typical vis ...