Saccadic Suppression of Retinotopically Localized Blood Oxygen
... of scripts written in Matlab (MathWorks, Natick, MA) that contained a more sensitive algorithm that included information about the slope of the main sequence obtained from each run. For purposes of quality control, all detected saccadic onsets from all trials were visually inspected by plotting them ...
... of scripts written in Matlab (MathWorks, Natick, MA) that contained a more sensitive algorithm that included information about the slope of the main sequence obtained from each run. For purposes of quality control, all detected saccadic onsets from all trials were visually inspected by plotting them ...
Cilia development, morphogenesis, and
... beneath the cuticle (Figure 2b). Xt the apex of nosetip, there are six inner labial sensilla each containing two inner labial neurons (IL1 and IL2). The IL1 cilia are embedded and involved in mechanosensation while IL2 cilia are exposed and proposed to be chemosensory (Figure 2c). Lastly, there are ...
... beneath the cuticle (Figure 2b). Xt the apex of nosetip, there are six inner labial sensilla each containing two inner labial neurons (IL1 and IL2). The IL1 cilia are embedded and involved in mechanosensation while IL2 cilia are exposed and proposed to be chemosensory (Figure 2c). Lastly, there are ...
Molecular Underpinnings of Motor Pattern Generation: Differential
... The results were similar to those obtained with the initial anti-Shaker antibody described in Results (data not shown). Quantitation of anti-Shal staining intensit y. Staining intensity was semiquantitatively measured with the N IH Image program on a Macintosh computer (Apple Computers, Cupertino, C ...
... The results were similar to those obtained with the initial anti-Shaker antibody described in Results (data not shown). Quantitation of anti-Shal staining intensit y. Staining intensity was semiquantitatively measured with the N IH Image program on a Macintosh computer (Apple Computers, Cupertino, C ...
Motor Cortex Neural Correlates of Output Kinematics and Kinetics
... and to perform a neuronal equivalent of the notorious “inversedynamics” transformation in Newtonian mechanics. In contrast, position control schemes (e.g., Bizzi et al. 1984; Feldman 1986; Feldman and Levin 1995; Polit and Bizzi 1979) do not require the supraspinal motor system to generate an explic ...
... and to perform a neuronal equivalent of the notorious “inversedynamics” transformation in Newtonian mechanics. In contrast, position control schemes (e.g., Bizzi et al. 1984; Feldman 1986; Feldman and Levin 1995; Polit and Bizzi 1979) do not require the supraspinal motor system to generate an explic ...
IV. Model Application: the UAV Autonomous Learning in Unknown
... The cognition study on the basal ganglia circuitry has produced a variety of models. The “box and arrow” model [18, 19] is an earlier and ordinary description of the basal ganglia based on anatomical data. Following this previous study, complicated basal ganglia models [8, 10, 12, 17, 19, 20] are de ...
... The cognition study on the basal ganglia circuitry has produced a variety of models. The “box and arrow” model [18, 19] is an earlier and ordinary description of the basal ganglia based on anatomical data. Following this previous study, complicated basal ganglia models [8, 10, 12, 17, 19, 20] are de ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... this inhibition are still largely unknown. Notably, whether such an inhibition of nociception occurs at the cortical level has not been investigated at all. Many previous studies have considered the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as an important site for this phenomenon where large myelinated fiber i ...
... this inhibition are still largely unknown. Notably, whether such an inhibition of nociception occurs at the cortical level has not been investigated at all. Many previous studies have considered the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as an important site for this phenomenon where large myelinated fiber i ...
Early Functional Impairment of Sensory-Motor Connectivity in a Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
... One possible explanation for the reduced responses to dorsal root stimulation in SMA mice could be that SMA motor neurons have lower input resistance and are hypoexcitable. To test this hypothesis, we performed intracellular recordings from identified SMA motor neurons and compared their intrinsic m ...
... One possible explanation for the reduced responses to dorsal root stimulation in SMA mice could be that SMA motor neurons have lower input resistance and are hypoexcitable. To test this hypothesis, we performed intracellular recordings from identified SMA motor neurons and compared their intrinsic m ...
Chapter 35: Kandel - krigolson teaching
... such as buttoning one’s shirt, are impossible. Charles Sherrington was among the first to recognize the importance of sensory information in regulating movements. In 1906 he proposed that simple reflexes—stereotyped movements elicited by activation of receptors in skin or muscle—are the basic units ...
... such as buttoning one’s shirt, are impossible. Charles Sherrington was among the first to recognize the importance of sensory information in regulating movements. In 1906 he proposed that simple reflexes—stereotyped movements elicited by activation of receptors in skin or muscle—are the basic units ...
Dendritic Computation - UCSD Cognitive Science
... “Perceptron,” “Spin,” or “Unit”) sums up the synaptic input and, by comparing this sum against a threshold, “decides” whether to initiate an action potential. In computational terms this process includes only one nonlinear term (thresholding), which is usually counted as a single operation. Thus, th ...
... “Perceptron,” “Spin,” or “Unit”) sums up the synaptic input and, by comparing this sum against a threshold, “decides” whether to initiate an action potential. In computational terms this process includes only one nonlinear term (thresholding), which is usually counted as a single operation. Thus, th ...
Cerebellar Loops with Motor Cortex and Prefrontal Cortex of a
... Cerebellar interconnections with the cerebral cortex were traditionally viewed as a massive open-loop system. At the input stage of this system, information from diverse cortical areas including motor, premotor, posterior parietal, cingulate, and prefrontal cortex is transmitted to the cerebellar co ...
... Cerebellar interconnections with the cerebral cortex were traditionally viewed as a massive open-loop system. At the input stage of this system, information from diverse cortical areas including motor, premotor, posterior parietal, cingulate, and prefrontal cortex is transmitted to the cerebellar co ...
The largest growth cones in the animal kingdom
... excitatory chemical synapse (Rayport and Schacher 1986). With this model synapse in cell culture, it was possible to demonstrate that changes in synaptic strength correlate directly with habituation or sensitization of the reflex behavior in situ. Moreover, this plasticity of synaptic strength was s ...
... excitatory chemical synapse (Rayport and Schacher 1986). With this model synapse in cell culture, it was possible to demonstrate that changes in synaptic strength correlate directly with habituation or sensitization of the reflex behavior in situ. Moreover, this plasticity of synaptic strength was s ...
Intrinsic laminar lattice connections in primate visual cortex
... measurements are slightly smaller than the dimensions of the cytochrome patches but are sufficiently similar to suggest that the two systems may be identical. Nevertheless, as described below, this does not appear to be the case. In order to investigate the relationship between these two labels, alt ...
... measurements are slightly smaller than the dimensions of the cytochrome patches but are sufficiently similar to suggest that the two systems may be identical. Nevertheless, as described below, this does not appear to be the case. In order to investigate the relationship between these two labels, alt ...
The anatomy, physiology and functions of the
... between a novel stimulus and a stimulus that has been seen only once before (i.e. ‘trial unique’ DNMS). The duration of the neuronal familiarity signal (i.e. observed following delays of up to 24 hours [34]) is consistent with the delay intervals at which animals with perirhinal lesions are typicall ...
... between a novel stimulus and a stimulus that has been seen only once before (i.e. ‘trial unique’ DNMS). The duration of the neuronal familiarity signal (i.e. observed following delays of up to 24 hours [34]) is consistent with the delay intervals at which animals with perirhinal lesions are typicall ...
Essentials in the neuronal organization of the CNS
... The neuronal organization of the central nervous system provides the backbone to the functional studies of the nervous system. Without the fundamental knowledge of the form, location and connectivity of the neurons in the brain and in the spinal cord, neurological diagnosis would be impossible. Exce ...
... The neuronal organization of the central nervous system provides the backbone to the functional studies of the nervous system. Without the fundamental knowledge of the form, location and connectivity of the neurons in the brain and in the spinal cord, neurological diagnosis would be impossible. Exce ...
AMPA Receptor Calcium Permeability, GluR2
... other AMPA receptor subunits (Hume et al., 1991; Burnashev et al., 1992). This critical arginine residue is created at the premRNA stage by RNA editing (Sommer et al., 1991). The relative Ca 21 permeability of native AMPA receptors in neurons is inversely correlated with the relative abundance of ed ...
... other AMPA receptor subunits (Hume et al., 1991; Burnashev et al., 1992). This critical arginine residue is created at the premRNA stage by RNA editing (Sommer et al., 1991). The relative Ca 21 permeability of native AMPA receptors in neurons is inversely correlated with the relative abundance of ed ...
A scientific theory of ars memoriae: spatial view cells in a continuous
... the cerebral cortex to be formed. These might involve associations between information originating in the temporal visual cortex about the presence of an object, and information originating in the parietal cortex about where it is. I note that although there is some spatial gradient in the CA3 recur ...
... the cerebral cortex to be formed. These might involve associations between information originating in the temporal visual cortex about the presence of an object, and information originating in the parietal cortex about where it is. I note that although there is some spatial gradient in the CA3 recur ...
Neurodegenerative Changes in the Motor Cortex and Cerebellum in Wistar... Following Acute Pneumococcal Meningitis
... function and cerebellar cortex concerned with motor function, equilibrium and balance. Neuronal damage was very severe in both the regions. In the case of cerebral cortex there was 60-70% neuronal loss was documented. Further the surviving neurons in the meningitis brain decreased in their size as w ...
... function and cerebellar cortex concerned with motor function, equilibrium and balance. Neuronal damage was very severe in both the regions. In the case of cerebral cortex there was 60-70% neuronal loss was documented. Further the surviving neurons in the meningitis brain decreased in their size as w ...
The prefrontal cortex encompasses a large and heterogeneous set of
... among areas, which may account for disagreements in areal subdivisions. Differences in maps and nomenclature present a formidable problem in constructing central databanks on the connections and functional attributes of areas obtained from different studies (Stephan et al., 2000). In this study we u ...
... among areas, which may account for disagreements in areal subdivisions. Differences in maps and nomenclature present a formidable problem in constructing central databanks on the connections and functional attributes of areas obtained from different studies (Stephan et al., 2000). In this study we u ...
jneurosci.org - INI Institute of Neuroinformatics
... of h controls the smoothness of the density landscape. It can be thought as the equivalent of the bin width in histograms. A large h will result in a very smooth landscape where only the gross features are represented, and the smaller h is chosen, the more local maxima appear. To select the appropri ...
... of h controls the smoothness of the density landscape. It can be thought as the equivalent of the bin width in histograms. A large h will result in a very smooth landscape where only the gross features are represented, and the smaller h is chosen, the more local maxima appear. To select the appropri ...
The dynamics of visual responses in the primary visual cortex
... causes significant sharpening of orientation selectivity of V1 neurons compared to their feedforward LGN input. The mechanism of sharpening of orientation tuning is, as in the Troyer et al. (1998) model, broadly tuned inhibition. The big difference between this model and that of Troyer et al. (1998) ...
... causes significant sharpening of orientation selectivity of V1 neurons compared to their feedforward LGN input. The mechanism of sharpening of orientation tuning is, as in the Troyer et al. (1998) model, broadly tuned inhibition. The big difference between this model and that of Troyer et al. (1998) ...
Takehiro Matsumora, Kowa Koida and Hidehiko Komatsu
... Initially, the color selectivity of the recorded neuron was determined in a fixation task (see FIXATION TASK for details) and sample color sets for the subsequent discrimination task were tailored to the color selectivity of that neuron. The center color in the sample color set (color #4) was select ...
... Initially, the color selectivity of the recorded neuron was determined in a fixation task (see FIXATION TASK for details) and sample color sets for the subsequent discrimination task were tailored to the color selectivity of that neuron. The center color in the sample color set (color #4) was select ...
Biomimetic approaches to the control of underwater walking machines
... systems (Kennedy & Davis 1977; Pearson 1993). The basis of this model is that the locomotory movements of different limbs are controlled by segmental CPGs resident in the spinal cord or ganglionic chain (Sillar et al. 1986; Selverston 1999). The CPGs of different body segments are coordinated among ...
... systems (Kennedy & Davis 1977; Pearson 1993). The basis of this model is that the locomotory movements of different limbs are controlled by segmental CPGs resident in the spinal cord or ganglionic chain (Sillar et al. 1986; Selverston 1999). The CPGs of different body segments are coordinated among ...
Proprioceptive Information from the Pinna Provides
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...