Reverse pharmacology of orexin
... attenuated by the H1 antagonist, pyrilamine [35]. Furthermore, the effect of orexin-A on wakefulness in mice is almost completely absent in H1-receptor deficient mice [42]. Furthermore, OX 2 R knockout mice exhibit a narcoleptic phenotype, while OX 1 R knockout mice show only mild fragmentation of b ...
... attenuated by the H1 antagonist, pyrilamine [35]. Furthermore, the effect of orexin-A on wakefulness in mice is almost completely absent in H1-receptor deficient mice [42]. Furthermore, OX 2 R knockout mice exhibit a narcoleptic phenotype, while OX 1 R knockout mice show only mild fragmentation of b ...
Perception of an odour that is not real
... Projections of the mitral cells to the olfactory cortex Divide into medial and lateral olfactory striae Some fibres decussate in the anterior commisure Medial strial fibres contact the anterior olfactory nucleus and septal area Lateral striae end in the third order neurons of the olfactory cortex Th ...
... Projections of the mitral cells to the olfactory cortex Divide into medial and lateral olfactory striae Some fibres decussate in the anterior commisure Medial strial fibres contact the anterior olfactory nucleus and septal area Lateral striae end in the third order neurons of the olfactory cortex Th ...
Sense Making Taste
... named G-proteins. This prompts the subunits (α, β and γ) of the Gproteins to split into α and βγ, which activate a nearby enzyme. The enzyme then converts a precursor within the cell into so-called second messengers that close potassium channels indirectly. ...
... named G-proteins. This prompts the subunits (α, β and γ) of the Gproteins to split into α and βγ, which activate a nearby enzyme. The enzyme then converts a precursor within the cell into so-called second messengers that close potassium channels indirectly. ...
Caffeine promotes glutamate and histamine release in the posterior
... In addition to the microdialysis assay for glutamate release, we used a glutamate sensor (Pinnacle Technology) in a separate group of rats (n ⫽ 3) to measure the release of glutamate in the PH-TMN with a higher temporal resolution (20). The glutamate sensor is an enzymebased biosensor designed for t ...
... In addition to the microdialysis assay for glutamate release, we used a glutamate sensor (Pinnacle Technology) in a separate group of rats (n ⫽ 3) to measure the release of glutamate in the PH-TMN with a higher temporal resolution (20). The glutamate sensor is an enzymebased biosensor designed for t ...
Independent and Convergent Signals From the Pontomedullary
... the contribution. Indeed, there have been very few studies that have examined the activity of neurons in the pontomedullary reticular formation (PMRF) during discrete voluntary movements (Gibson et al. 1998; although, for information in primates on the contribution of the mesencephalic reticular for ...
... the contribution. Indeed, there have been very few studies that have examined the activity of neurons in the pontomedullary reticular formation (PMRF) during discrete voluntary movements (Gibson et al. 1998; although, for information in primates on the contribution of the mesencephalic reticular for ...
The Suppressive Field of Neurons in Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
... LGN responses to a variety of stimuli; with a single set of parameters, it captures saturation, size tuning, and masking. It also correctly predicts that responses to small stimuli grow proportionally with contrast: were it not for the suppressive field, LGN responses would be linear. We characteriz ...
... LGN responses to a variety of stimuli; with a single set of parameters, it captures saturation, size tuning, and masking. It also correctly predicts that responses to small stimuli grow proportionally with contrast: were it not for the suppressive field, LGN responses would be linear. We characteriz ...
University of Groningen Gustatory neural processing in the
... and the across-fiber pattern 41,133,159 theories. The basic differences between these theories are as follows. The labeled line (LL) model proposes that each taste quality is transmitted via a separate 'neural line' through the medulla, thalamus and cortex. This model assumes that individual gustato ...
... and the across-fiber pattern 41,133,159 theories. The basic differences between these theories are as follows. The labeled line (LL) model proposes that each taste quality is transmitted via a separate 'neural line' through the medulla, thalamus and cortex. This model assumes that individual gustato ...
Downloadable Full Text - DSpace@MIT
... they are the primary source of DA in target structures such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), which play important roles in a broad range of motivated behaviors and neuropsychiatric disorders1-3. Although DA neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction ...
... they are the primary source of DA in target structures such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), which play important roles in a broad range of motivated behaviors and neuropsychiatric disorders1-3. Although DA neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction ...
Neurobiology of Economic Choice: A Good
... choice behavior. In essence, the brain actually computes values when subjects make economic choices. To appreciate the significance of this proposition, it is helpful to step back and consider a historical and theoretical perspective. Neoclassic economic theory can be thought of as a rigorous mathema ...
... choice behavior. In essence, the brain actually computes values when subjects make economic choices. To appreciate the significance of this proposition, it is helpful to step back and consider a historical and theoretical perspective. Neoclassic economic theory can be thought of as a rigorous mathema ...
Warm pleasant feelings in the brain
... similar period to return to baseline temperature. The plateau temperature was held for 4 s, and subsequent data analyses focused on brain activation during the time of this maintained (plateau) temperature. The warm stimulus was applied using a thermal resistor 20 × 15 mm strapped to the palm of the ...
... similar period to return to baseline temperature. The plateau temperature was held for 4 s, and subsequent data analyses focused on brain activation during the time of this maintained (plateau) temperature. The warm stimulus was applied using a thermal resistor 20 × 15 mm strapped to the palm of the ...
Article
... in the absence of sensory feedback [1–3], and are found in many species including insects and mammals, sharing many similarities [4, 5]. CPG networks underlying locomotion exhibit features common to many neural circuits, such as spatio-temporal coordination and flexibility. Each cycle of motor outpu ...
... in the absence of sensory feedback [1–3], and are found in many species including insects and mammals, sharing many similarities [4, 5]. CPG networks underlying locomotion exhibit features common to many neural circuits, such as spatio-temporal coordination and flexibility. Each cycle of motor outpu ...
PDF
... Fig. 1. Left-right AWC neuronal asymmetry in C. elegans. (A,B) Amphid wing ‘C’ (AWC) cell anatomy. Lateral (A) and transverse (B) views of a wild-type C. elegans head showing two bilateral AWC neurons. One AWC cell that expresses a GFP-tagged transgene of the candidate odorant receptor gene str-2 (s ...
... Fig. 1. Left-right AWC neuronal asymmetry in C. elegans. (A,B) Amphid wing ‘C’ (AWC) cell anatomy. Lateral (A) and transverse (B) views of a wild-type C. elegans head showing two bilateral AWC neurons. One AWC cell that expresses a GFP-tagged transgene of the candidate odorant receptor gene str-2 (s ...
Genetic Analysis of Brain Circuits Underlying Pheromone Signaling
... the Greek pherin, meaning to bring or to transfer, and hormon, meaning to excite (10). Pheromones were defined as “substances that are excreted to the outside by an individual and received by a second individual of the same species in which they release a specific reaction, for example a definite behav ...
... the Greek pherin, meaning to bring or to transfer, and hormon, meaning to excite (10). Pheromones were defined as “substances that are excreted to the outside by an individual and received by a second individual of the same species in which they release a specific reaction, for example a definite behav ...
SAD Kinases Sculpt Axonal Arbors of Sensory Neurons through
... proprioceptor axons were present in the cuneate fascicle and nucleus as reported previously (Figures 3G–3G00 ; Solbach and Celio, 1991). Proprioceptor axons were also abundant in the cuneate fascicle of SADIsl1-cre mutants, but their numbers were dramatically reduced in the cuneate nucleus (Figures ...
... proprioceptor axons were present in the cuneate fascicle and nucleus as reported previously (Figures 3G–3G00 ; Solbach and Celio, 1991). Proprioceptor axons were also abundant in the cuneate fascicle of SADIsl1-cre mutants, but their numbers were dramatically reduced in the cuneate nucleus (Figures ...
Mechanisms of excitability in the central and peripheral nervous
... function and in pathological conditions. For hippocampus the normal function includes changes in excitability linked to learning and memory. However, it also is intimately linked to pathological increases in excitability observed in epilepsy. In C–fibers, excitability controls sensitivity to respons ...
... function and in pathological conditions. For hippocampus the normal function includes changes in excitability linked to learning and memory. However, it also is intimately linked to pathological increases in excitability observed in epilepsy. In C–fibers, excitability controls sensitivity to respons ...
Outputs of Radula Mechanoafferent Neurons in Aplysia are
... A and B: morphologies of 2 motor neurons (B8a and B15, respectively) that receive the putative chemical synaptic output of B21. B15 receives dual input. C: morphology of a multifunction B4 neuron that provides inhibitory, chemical synaptic input to B21. D–F: morphologies of a sensory neuron (B22), a ...
... A and B: morphologies of 2 motor neurons (B8a and B15, respectively) that receive the putative chemical synaptic output of B21. B15 receives dual input. C: morphology of a multifunction B4 neuron that provides inhibitory, chemical synaptic input to B21. D–F: morphologies of a sensory neuron (B22), a ...