Review Getting Formal with Dopamine and Reward
... drug addiction. In view of these well-established results, several studies investigated neuronal mechanisms of reward by studying the impulse activity of single neurons in the dopamine system and other presumptive reward structures. In particular, we were interested to understand which specific info ...
... drug addiction. In view of these well-established results, several studies investigated neuronal mechanisms of reward by studying the impulse activity of single neurons in the dopamine system and other presumptive reward structures. In particular, we were interested to understand which specific info ...
- White Rose Research Online
... 97% of the cell population in rat, with GABAergic and cholinergic interneurons forming most of the remaining cell population. Despite their comparatively small number, the GABAergic fastspiking interneurons (FSIs) in particular exert a very strong influence on the MSNs [20–22], receive input from si ...
... 97% of the cell population in rat, with GABAergic and cholinergic interneurons forming most of the remaining cell population. Despite their comparatively small number, the GABAergic fastspiking interneurons (FSIs) in particular exert a very strong influence on the MSNs [20–22], receive input from si ...
Predictions not commands: active inference in the motor system
... Anatomically, descending or efferent connections in active inference should be of the modulatory backward-type. Conversely, conventional motor control schemes would predict that descending motor command signals should be of the driving forward-type. In the third section, we describe forward-type asc ...
... Anatomically, descending or efferent connections in active inference should be of the modulatory backward-type. Conversely, conventional motor control schemes would predict that descending motor command signals should be of the driving forward-type. In the third section, we describe forward-type asc ...
Effect of Spatial Attention on the Responses of Area MT Neurons
... S); 47 of these units were tested with both configurations. MT was identified based on the high-frequency of direction selective units, its characteristic topography, and the stereotyped sequence of gray matter, white matter and sulci along the electrode tracks. We have no histological confirmation ...
... S); 47 of these units were tested with both configurations. MT was identified based on the high-frequency of direction selective units, its characteristic topography, and the stereotyped sequence of gray matter, white matter and sulci along the electrode tracks. We have no histological confirmation ...
Feeding Stimulants Activate an Identified Dopaminergic Interneuron
... Quinlan et al. 1995). There are several mechanisms by which plasticity of motor output of the CPG can arise. Each CPG subunit is a conditional neuronal oscillator that can be independently rhythmically active. The subunits also can be functionally linked in different combinations and in different te ...
... Quinlan et al. 1995). There are several mechanisms by which plasticity of motor output of the CPG can arise. Each CPG subunit is a conditional neuronal oscillator that can be independently rhythmically active. The subunits also can be functionally linked in different combinations and in different te ...
Glossary of Olfactory Terms
... a natural fatty acid found in a wide variety of plants and essential oils. Specific anosmia to isovaleric acid is known as the ‘sweaty odor anosmia’ given its characteristic sweaty odor. Research suggests that 3% of people are anosmic to isovaleric acid—a relatively small percentage compared to thos ...
... a natural fatty acid found in a wide variety of plants and essential oils. Specific anosmia to isovaleric acid is known as the ‘sweaty odor anosmia’ given its characteristic sweaty odor. Research suggests that 3% of people are anosmic to isovaleric acid—a relatively small percentage compared to thos ...
the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat
... The structure of neurons and axons was studied in the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat with the Golgi methods. The results show that the medial division consists of morphologically heterogeneous neurons. The main types, in descending order of frequency, are medium-sized neuro ...
... The structure of neurons and axons was studied in the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat with the Golgi methods. The results show that the medial division consists of morphologically heterogeneous neurons. The main types, in descending order of frequency, are medium-sized neuro ...
Glucose-sensing neurons: Are they physiologically relevant?
... that they respond to glucose via the KATP channel [41]. On the other hand, glucose-inhibited (GI) neurons decrease their action potential frequency as glucose levels increase from 0.1 to 2.5 mM, where the neurons are completely silent [41]. Although these neurons appear to respond in a similar fashi ...
... that they respond to glucose via the KATP channel [41]. On the other hand, glucose-inhibited (GI) neurons decrease their action potential frequency as glucose levels increase from 0.1 to 2.5 mM, where the neurons are completely silent [41]. Although these neurons appear to respond in a similar fashi ...
Hippocampus, 22, 1703-1719
... pyramidal neurons from trained animals after delay eyeblink conditioning (EBC) were reported (Disterhoft et al., 1986). After trace EBC, a hippocampal-dependent task requiring hundreds of trials for acquisition, both CA1 (Moyer et al., 1996) and CA3 pyramidal neurons (Thompson et al., 1996) showed r ...
... pyramidal neurons from trained animals after delay eyeblink conditioning (EBC) were reported (Disterhoft et al., 1986). After trace EBC, a hippocampal-dependent task requiring hundreds of trials for acquisition, both CA1 (Moyer et al., 1996) and CA3 pyramidal neurons (Thompson et al., 1996) showed r ...
Zinc Alters Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotoxicity on Cortical Neurons
... Even at 300 PM Zn, however, there were still substantial amounts of residualglutamate-induced neuronal injury, in distinction to the near-zero injury seenafter the addition of 300 PM Zn to NMDA (Fig. I), or to the addition of 1 mM D-APV to glutamate (Choi et al., 1988). We hypothesized that someof t ...
... Even at 300 PM Zn, however, there were still substantial amounts of residualglutamate-induced neuronal injury, in distinction to the near-zero injury seenafter the addition of 300 PM Zn to NMDA (Fig. I), or to the addition of 1 mM D-APV to glutamate (Choi et al., 1988). We hypothesized that someof t ...
Neural Mapping of Direction and Frequency in
... mechanical microscope stage. The neuron is moved under the microscope so that its branches are traced under a video cursor, superimposed over a frame-grabbed video image of the tissue. Movements of the microscope stage are monitored by linear encoders mounted to the stage, each encoder having a reso ...
... mechanical microscope stage. The neuron is moved under the microscope so that its branches are traced under a video cursor, superimposed over a frame-grabbed video image of the tissue. Movements of the microscope stage are monitored by linear encoders mounted to the stage, each encoder having a reso ...
full text - TReAD Lab
... The subiculum is a transitional cortical area that lies adjacent to the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus, and along with the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, is considered to be an integral part of the hippocampal formation. It has been traditionally viewed as an output structure for the hippocampa ...
... The subiculum is a transitional cortical area that lies adjacent to the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus, and along with the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, is considered to be an integral part of the hippocampal formation. It has been traditionally viewed as an output structure for the hippocampa ...
Homologous Neurons and their Locomotor Functions in Nudibranch
... Herrel et al., 2001; Langenbach and Van Eijden, 2001; Wainwright, 2002; though see Smith 1994). It is hypothesized that one of the reasons for this conservation may be the fact that many neural networks are multifunctional, and therefore alterations to one neural element or circuit will have deleter ...
... Herrel et al., 2001; Langenbach and Van Eijden, 2001; Wainwright, 2002; though see Smith 1994). It is hypothesized that one of the reasons for this conservation may be the fact that many neural networks are multifunctional, and therefore alterations to one neural element or circuit will have deleter ...
Depression of Acetylcholinesterase Synthesis Following Transient
... sham-operated control group (Fig. 5). After 24 h recirculation, a significant increase (< 0.05) in AChE activity was recorded in comparison with the activity at 4 h, but differences between experimental and control groups persisted in all investigated areas. Discussion In this study, Butcher's pharm ...
... sham-operated control group (Fig. 5). After 24 h recirculation, a significant increase (< 0.05) in AChE activity was recorded in comparison with the activity at 4 h, but differences between experimental and control groups persisted in all investigated areas. Discussion In this study, Butcher's pharm ...
Linear visuomotor transformations in midbrain superior colliculus
... SC). Although in some models this reset is proposed to have a relatively long time constant of about 50 ms, leading to large saccade errors at very brief (< 30 ms) intersaccadic intervals [26], we here take the reset as instantaneous [13]. In Eq. (1.2) we omitted, for ease of description, the decomp ...
... SC). Although in some models this reset is proposed to have a relatively long time constant of about 50 ms, leading to large saccade errors at very brief (< 30 ms) intersaccadic intervals [26], we here take the reset as instantaneous [13]. In Eq. (1.2) we omitted, for ease of description, the decomp ...
Loss of TDP-43 causes age-dependent progressive motor neuron
... of knockout of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 in mouse postnatal motor neurons using Cre/loxp system. These mice developed progressive weight loss and motor impairment around the age of 60 weeks, and exhibited degeneration of large motor axon, grouped atrophy of the skeletal muscle, and ...
... of knockout of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 in mouse postnatal motor neurons using Cre/loxp system. These mice developed progressive weight loss and motor impairment around the age of 60 weeks, and exhibited degeneration of large motor axon, grouped atrophy of the skeletal muscle, and ...
cerebellar projections to the superior colliculus in the cat1
... in the ipsilateral fastigius nucleus were situated preferentially in medial sectors of the nucleus (Figs. 1 and 5F). The injections placed in the rostral part of the superior colliculus gave rise to the greatest number of labeled neurons in the cerebellar nuclei. The injections placed rostrally and ...
... in the ipsilateral fastigius nucleus were situated preferentially in medial sectors of the nucleus (Figs. 1 and 5F). The injections placed in the rostral part of the superior colliculus gave rise to the greatest number of labeled neurons in the cerebellar nuclei. The injections placed rostrally and ...
PATHWAYS FOR EMOTION : INTERACTIONS OF PREFRONTAL AND THE RHESUS MONKEY
... cortices. In one of these cases (case BA) it was also possible to visualize anterograde label from temporal area TE in the amygdala, with the aid of the tracer FR. Finally, we included a few observations on the comparison of the cortical zones of the amygdala with zones that project to some hypothal ...
... cortices. In one of these cases (case BA) it was also possible to visualize anterograde label from temporal area TE in the amygdala, with the aid of the tracer FR. Finally, we included a few observations on the comparison of the cortical zones of the amygdala with zones that project to some hypothal ...
