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Stereoscopic Processing of Absolute and Relative Disparity in
Stereoscopic Processing of Absolute and Relative Disparity in

... depth in which the absolute and relative disparity signals could be independently manipulated (at a local spatial scale). In experiment 1, relative disparity was kept constant, while absolute disparity was varied in one-half the blocks of trials (“mixed” blocks) and kept constant in the remaining on ...
Introduction - Bowling Green State University
Introduction - Bowling Green State University

... precise mechanisms by which DA influences behavioral and psychological phenomena still remain unclear. It is universally accepted that DA is a modulator of neural activity, that interacting with fast synaptic transmission (Greengard 2001b), influences the way the brain processes specific information ...
Volumetric Two-photon Imaging of Neurons Using
Volumetric Two-photon Imaging of Neurons Using

... elongated. Increasing the separation between the two beams at the objective back aperture increases the angle of intersection of the two arms. If the incident beams are slightly divergent (or convergent), the position of the crossing point of the two beams shifts along the optical axis relative to t ...
Role of the Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia
Role of the Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia

... ⫽ 10 nS (the other connection efficacies within the model are kept the same as the normal state). These updates reflect changes in strengths and numbers of connections as well as lessening of STD of GPe–STN connections resulting from the lower GPe firing rates seen experimentally with dopamine deple ...
Neural Control of the Pancreas
Neural Control of the Pancreas

... parts of the GI tract distributed in anatomically distinct mediolateral columns. Neurons in the medial part of the DMV project to the proximal GI tract, whereas neurons in the lateral DMV project to the more distal parts of the GI tract (73). Vagal preganglionic DMV neurons that innervate the pancre ...
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in

... thereby inserted an extra electrode at the opercular surface of V1 and mapped its RF position throughout the session. In general, no significant drifts were observed, which indicated that eye position was stable during the recording stage. In animal D, we used an array of 32 tungsten microelectrodes ...
Rearrangement of microtubule polarity orientation during conversion
Rearrangement of microtubule polarity orientation during conversion

... For double staining of neurons for axonal and dendritic markers, neurons were fixed on ice for 30 min with 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 15 min, and incubated for 1 h at room temperature with ...
The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus
The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus

... axons segregate as they enter the LGN by eye and functional group,1 often forming layers, and (3) retinal axons terminate in discrete, orderly clusters forming the basis for a topographic (‘retinotopic’) map of the contralateral visual field (with receptive fields similar to retina in size and respo ...
Retinotopic Organization and Functional Subdivisions of the Human
Retinotopic Organization and Functional Subdivisions of the Human

... during the session. For each voxel in the volume, the linear trend in the fMRI time series was subtracted to remove any slow signal drift, typical in fMRI signals, and the time series was divided by its mean intensity, converting the data from the arbitrary intensity scale from the MRI scanner to un ...
Organization of Visual Inputs to the Inferior Temporal and Posterior
Organization of Visual Inputs to the Inferior Temporal and Posterior

the amygdala and reward
the amygdala and reward

... general, but they do indicate that its involvement is much more selective than was previously believed. The crux of the problem is that stimulus–reward learning is far from a unitary process, and neither reinforcement nor reward is an uncomplicated concept. Naturally occurring rewards include food, ...
The dorsal raphe nucleus—From silver stainings to a role in
The dorsal raphe nucleus—From silver stainings to a role in

... showed that the substance was biologically active and named it enteramine. It was soon detected also in the central nervous system (Twarog and Page, 1953) and identified as the heterocyclic amine 5-hydroxytryptamine (Erspamer and Asero, 1952). Subsequent studies demonstrated the amine's effect on sm ...
Motif distribution, dynamical properties, and computational
Motif distribution, dynamical properties, and computational

... distribution of functional connections, but rather represents potential synaptic connectivity. The probabilities of synaptic connections between excitatory and inhibitory neurons located in different layers, i.e. layer 2/3, 4 and 5, differ significantly for the functional and the potential microcircu ...
FREE Sample Here
FREE Sample Here

... c. Terminal buttons are the small fluid-filled gaps through which neural impulses are carried. d. Terminal buttons look like knobby swellings. e. Terminal buttons are found at the end of axons. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Neurons: The Body’s Wiring OBJ: 1-Identify parts of neuron, describe functions of these ...
Visually induced and spontaneous behavior in the zebrafish
Visually induced and spontaneous behavior in the zebrafish

... The S/R assumption has provided neuroscience with a rich quantitative framework to understand the relation between neuronal activity and behavior. The methodology employed to investigate the neuronal causes of behavior can be grossly recapitulated by three successive steps (Clark et al., 2013). Firs ...
Rhythmic Spontaneous Activity in the Piriform Cortex
Rhythmic Spontaneous Activity in the Piriform Cortex

... extracellular multiunit recording (bottom trace) obtained in the close vicinity of the neuron. Note how the intracellular barrages of synaptic activity and action potentials coincide with the extracellularly recorded bouts of activity. (B) Subthreshold (Vm 5 70) recording of the same neuron. (C) Exp ...
Intracellular and extracellular signatures of action potentials
Intracellular and extracellular signatures of action potentials

... The action potential is considered one of the major signalling events in the brain and malfunction of firing of action potentials might lead to various neurological diseases. Although it has been studied for years, many questions remain unanswered. The present work is dedicated to the study of actio ...
The physiological role of orexin/hypocretin neurons in the regulation
The physiological role of orexin/hypocretin neurons in the regulation

... homeostasis by coordinating behavioral, metabolic, and neuroendocrine responses (Bernardis and Bellinger, 1996). Within this region, the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) has been regarded as an important center for feeding and arousal because animal models with LHA lesions exhibit hypophagia and decr ...
Genetically identified spinal interneurons integrating tactile afferents
Genetically identified spinal interneurons integrating tactile afferents

... turn, is used to guide behaviors by adjusting descending motor commands. In parallel to the perception of tactile signals generated at the cortical level, tactile signals are also integrated at the level of the spinal cord. That is, in addition to sending projections that travel rostrally up the dor ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience

... Figure 1. Stop-signal task and behavior. A, House lights instructed rats that nose-poke into the central port would initiate a trial. Rats were required to nose-poke and remain in the port for 1000 ms before one of the two directional lights (left or right) illuminated for 100 ms. The cue-light disc ...
Read as PDF
Read as PDF

Chapter 16 - MBFys Home Page
Chapter 16 - MBFys Home Page

... the axons that form the vestibular division of the eighth cranial nerve; as such, they receive sensory information from the semicircular canals and the otolith organs that specifies the position and angular acceleration of the head. Many of the cells in the vestibular nuclei that receive this inform ...
Vol 431 No 7010 pp723-882
Vol 431 No 7010 pp723-882

... been infused with concepts taken from computational theories of reinforcement learning. These more abstract approaches have now been applied to describe the biological algorithms at play in our brains when we form value judgements and make choices. The application of such quantitative models has ope ...
The Integrative Action of the Autonomic Nervous System
The Integrative Action of the Autonomic Nervous System

... or systemically. However, the mechanisms by which the same substances released from nerve terminals produce responses in the target tissue have proved to be quite different in most cases so far analyzed. This helps to explain the failure of many pharmaceutical interventions based on this simplistic ...
Cross modality matching of brightness and loudness
Cross modality matching of brightness and loudness

... Cross modality matching is a magnitude matching procedure, developed to study the relationships between sensory modalities. Auditory and visual sensory integration can be examined through cross modality matching of brightness and loudness. Brightness and loudness are natural correlates of one anothe ...
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Neural coding

Neural coding is a neuroscience-related field concerned with characterizing the relationship between the stimulus and the individual or ensemble neuronal responses and the relationship among the electrical activity of the neurons in the ensemble. Based on the theory thatsensory and other information is represented in the brain by networks of neurons, it is thought that neurons can encode both digital and analog information.
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