Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evidence for the Role of
... accumbenssepti (NAS) in mediating cocaine self-administration behaviors. The NAS, a substantialcomponent of the “ventral striatum” (Heimer and Wilson, 1975) is a pivotal structure connecting limbic and basalganglia systems.The NAS in rats receivesabundant afferent connectionsfrom the prelimbic corte ...
... accumbenssepti (NAS) in mediating cocaine self-administration behaviors. The NAS, a substantialcomponent of the “ventral striatum” (Heimer and Wilson, 1975) is a pivotal structure connecting limbic and basalganglia systems.The NAS in rats receivesabundant afferent connectionsfrom the prelimbic corte ...
Single unit and extracellular firing rate recordings in vivo
... known TRH receptors in the majority of TMN neurons. TRH increased the firing rate of most (ca 70%) TMN neurons. This excitation was abolished in the presence of the TRH receptor antagonist chlordiazepoxide (50µM). In the presence of tetrodotoxin TRH depolarized TMN neurons without changing their inp ...
... known TRH receptors in the majority of TMN neurons. TRH increased the firing rate of most (ca 70%) TMN neurons. This excitation was abolished in the presence of the TRH receptor antagonist chlordiazepoxide (50µM). In the presence of tetrodotoxin TRH depolarized TMN neurons without changing their inp ...
HCN channels are a novel therapeutic target for cognitive
... skinfold freckling and Lisch nodules, as well as cognitive deficits that negatively impact school performance and quality of life.1,2 Mice with a heterozygous null mutation of the Nf1 gene (Nf1+/–mice) closely model the cognitive deficits and behavioral difficulties experienced by human NF1 patients, i ...
... skinfold freckling and Lisch nodules, as well as cognitive deficits that negatively impact school performance and quality of life.1,2 Mice with a heterozygous null mutation of the Nf1 gene (Nf1+/–mice) closely model the cognitive deficits and behavioral difficulties experienced by human NF1 patients, i ...
Long-Term Depression in Identified Stellate Neurons of Juvenile Rat
... the recording pipettes would reduce the sag response, we initially tried to use intracellular solution that did not contain QX-314. However, the contamination of the action potential prevented reliable recordings of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). We therefore included a low concentration ...
... the recording pipettes would reduce the sag response, we initially tried to use intracellular solution that did not contain QX-314. However, the contamination of the action potential prevented reliable recordings of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). We therefore included a low concentration ...
Amygdala Modulation of Cerebellar Learning
... were drilled bilaterally over the CeA. Guide cannulae (27 gauge) were lowered to within 1 mm of the dorsal border of the CeA and were sealed with a 32-gauge stylet. Rats were then fitted with eyelid EMG electrodes and a bipolar electrode just caudal to the eye (to deliver the US), as described previ ...
... were drilled bilaterally over the CeA. Guide cannulae (27 gauge) were lowered to within 1 mm of the dorsal border of the CeA and were sealed with a 32-gauge stylet. Rats were then fitted with eyelid EMG electrodes and a bipolar electrode just caudal to the eye (to deliver the US), as described previ ...
Stimulus Dependence of Local Field Potential Spectra: Experiment
... within MUA with a threshold for spike detection set at 3.5 SDs of the overall MUA signal. A spike was recognized as such only if the last spike occurred more than 1 ms earlier. For the present analysis, we did not separate single and multiunits. Binocular visual stimuli were presented at a resolutio ...
... within MUA with a threshold for spike detection set at 3.5 SDs of the overall MUA signal. A spike was recognized as such only if the last spike occurred more than 1 ms earlier. For the present analysis, we did not separate single and multiunits. Binocular visual stimuli were presented at a resolutio ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Directly Activates Noradrenergic
... LC neurons, but the effect was highly variable and difficult to quantify reliably over the prolonged periods of time necessary to obtain a full dose–response curve. The maximum average increase in the discharge rate was 1.5 ⫾ 0.9 Hz, which was achieved at an average dose of 325 ⫾ 207 nM (n ⫽ 4 neuro ...
... LC neurons, but the effect was highly variable and difficult to quantify reliably over the prolonged periods of time necessary to obtain a full dose–response curve. The maximum average increase in the discharge rate was 1.5 ⫾ 0.9 Hz, which was achieved at an average dose of 325 ⫾ 207 nM (n ⫽ 4 neuro ...
The natural hallucinogen 5-MeO-DMT, component of Ayahuasca
... BOLD signal in mPFC and V1. Two-way ANOVA of the BOLD signal revealed a significant effect of the drug × time interaction in mPFC [F4,64 = 3.39; p < 0.02] and V1 [F4,64 = 3.41; p < 0.02] n = 10 and 8 for saline and 5-MeO-DMT, respectively, with significant post-hoc differences between 5-MeO-DMT and sa ...
... BOLD signal in mPFC and V1. Two-way ANOVA of the BOLD signal revealed a significant effect of the drug × time interaction in mPFC [F4,64 = 3.39; p < 0.02] and V1 [F4,64 = 3.41; p < 0.02] n = 10 and 8 for saline and 5-MeO-DMT, respectively, with significant post-hoc differences between 5-MeO-DMT and sa ...
Hippocampus, 22, 1703-1719
... response to afferent stimulation (Madison and Nicoll, 1982, 1984; Haas and Greene, 1984). Learning-dependent AHP plasticity has been repeatedly reported in multiple species following acquisition of several different multitrial tasks. In the earliest example, decreases in peak AHP amplitude of rabbit ...
... response to afferent stimulation (Madison and Nicoll, 1982, 1984; Haas and Greene, 1984). Learning-dependent AHP plasticity has been repeatedly reported in multiple species following acquisition of several different multitrial tasks. In the earliest example, decreases in peak AHP amplitude of rabbit ...
Measuring Cortical Thickness - McConnell Brain Imaging Centre
... The second approach uses a much more sophisticated series of data processing techniques, and does to considerable extent eliminate the problems outlined for the jeweler’s eyepiece. This type of approach has to deal with three main issues: 1. Segmentation of the MR volume into its component tissue ty ...
... The second approach uses a much more sophisticated series of data processing techniques, and does to considerable extent eliminate the problems outlined for the jeweler’s eyepiece. This type of approach has to deal with three main issues: 1. Segmentation of the MR volume into its component tissue ty ...
Measurement of variability dynamics in cortical spike trains
... We propose a method for the time-resolved joint analysis of two related aspects of single neuron variability, the spiking irregularity measured by the squared coefficient of variation (CV2 ) of the ISIs and the trial-by-trial variability of the spike count measured by the Fano factor (FF). We provid ...
... We propose a method for the time-resolved joint analysis of two related aspects of single neuron variability, the spiking irregularity measured by the squared coefficient of variation (CV2 ) of the ISIs and the trial-by-trial variability of the spike count measured by the Fano factor (FF). We provid ...
theta oscillation in the hippocampus
... Theta frequency field oscillation reflects synchronized synaptic potentials that entrain the discharge of neuronal populations within the D100–200 ms range. The cellular-synaptic generation of theta activity in the hippocampus was investigated by intracellular recordings from the somata and dendrite ...
... Theta frequency field oscillation reflects synchronized synaptic potentials that entrain the discharge of neuronal populations within the D100–200 ms range. The cellular-synaptic generation of theta activity in the hippocampus was investigated by intracellular recordings from the somata and dendrite ...
How Do Short-Term Changes at Synapses Fine
... When tested in brain slices under experimental conditions lacking the chronic spontaneous background activity that is typical for auditory brainstem neurons, the inhibitory events have conductances that are approximately as large as those of the calyceal excitatory inputs and can reliably suppress M ...
... When tested in brain slices under experimental conditions lacking the chronic spontaneous background activity that is typical for auditory brainstem neurons, the inhibitory events have conductances that are approximately as large as those of the calyceal excitatory inputs and can reliably suppress M ...
Focal local field potential (LFP) signature of the single
... Recent years have seen a resurgence in use of the extracellularly recorded local field potential (LFP) to investigate neural network activity. To probe monosynaptic thalamic activation of cortical postsynaptic target cells, so called spike-trigger-averaged LFP (stLFP) signatures have been measured. I ...
... Recent years have seen a resurgence in use of the extracellularly recorded local field potential (LFP) to investigate neural network activity. To probe monosynaptic thalamic activation of cortical postsynaptic target cells, so called spike-trigger-averaged LFP (stLFP) signatures have been measured. I ...
Pearson SA, Mouihate A, Pittman QJ, Whelan PJ
... effects of AVP or OXT on locomotor-like activity were quantified via time series analysis. Time series analysis was performed by taking intervals of 60 sec of raw data, rectifying the data, applying a low-pass filter, and resampling at 100 Hz. Means were subtracted from the processed data and smooth ...
... effects of AVP or OXT on locomotor-like activity were quantified via time series analysis. Time series analysis was performed by taking intervals of 60 sec of raw data, rectifying the data, applying a low-pass filter, and resampling at 100 Hz. Means were subtracted from the processed data and smooth ...
Focal local field potential (LFP) signature of the single
... Recent years have seen a resurgence in use of the extracellularly recorded local field potential (LFP) to investigate neural network activity. To probe monosynaptic thalamic activation of cortical postsynaptic target cells, so called spike-trigger-averaged LFP (stLFP) signatures have been measured. I ...
... Recent years have seen a resurgence in use of the extracellularly recorded local field potential (LFP) to investigate neural network activity. To probe monosynaptic thalamic activation of cortical postsynaptic target cells, so called spike-trigger-averaged LFP (stLFP) signatures have been measured. I ...
Laminar Selectivity of the Cholinergic Suppression of Synaptic
... recall. This comparison function requires that the Schaffer collaterals have the capacity to perform effective heteroassociative memory function, rather than only to undergo self-organization. The simulations presented here show that if the Schaffer collaterals have heteroassociative memory function ...
... recall. This comparison function requires that the Schaffer collaterals have the capacity to perform effective heteroassociative memory function, rather than only to undergo self-organization. The simulations presented here show that if the Schaffer collaterals have heteroassociative memory function ...
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... recording sites (Doron et al. 2002). Adding data from an incompletely sampled posterior extent of PAF could introduce a sampling error. For example, adding data from sites closer to the A1-PAF border would bias the population mean onset latency to lower values. Onset latencies are correlated with re ...
... recording sites (Doron et al. 2002). Adding data from an incompletely sampled posterior extent of PAF could introduce a sampling error. For example, adding data from sites closer to the A1-PAF border would bias the population mean onset latency to lower values. Onset latencies are correlated with re ...
The Control of Rate and Timing of Spikes in the Deep Cerebellar
... Gex ⫹ Ein * Gin) / (Gex ⫹ Gin). The membrane potential trajectory (Fig. 1 B, black trace) followed fluctuations in Vsyn quite well. These fluctuations reflect the changing amplitude of the inhibitory conductance. During depolarizing membrane potential fluctuations, action potentials could be generat ...
... Gex ⫹ Ein * Gin) / (Gex ⫹ Gin). The membrane potential trajectory (Fig. 1 B, black trace) followed fluctuations in Vsyn quite well. These fluctuations reflect the changing amplitude of the inhibitory conductance. During depolarizing membrane potential fluctuations, action potentials could be generat ...
involvement of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis activated by
... bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) are key structures of the extended amygdala, which is suggested to be involved in drug addiction and reward. We have previously reported that the Ce plays a crucial role in the negative affective component of morphine withdrawal. In the present study, we exa ...
... bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) are key structures of the extended amygdala, which is suggested to be involved in drug addiction and reward. We have previously reported that the Ce plays a crucial role in the negative affective component of morphine withdrawal. In the present study, we exa ...
The Study of Brain Activity in Sleep
... K-complexes are made up of a high-amplitude negative sharp wave followed by a positive slow wave, and are often triggered by external stimuli. Sleep spindles are waxing and waning oscillations at around 12–15 Hz that last about 1 second and occur 5–10 times a minute. Eye movements and muscle tone ar ...
... K-complexes are made up of a high-amplitude negative sharp wave followed by a positive slow wave, and are often triggered by external stimuli. Sleep spindles are waxing and waning oscillations at around 12–15 Hz that last about 1 second and occur 5–10 times a minute. Eye movements and muscle tone ar ...
Propagation of Epileptiform Events across the Corpus Callosum in a
... of bicuculline in one hemisphere produced local epileptiform events (EEs); when we simultaneously recorded single pyramidal neurons in whole-cell voltage-clamp mode in contralateral cortex, we found large GABAergic IPSCs that correlated with the EEs (but not correlated EPSCs), demonstrating strong f ...
... of bicuculline in one hemisphere produced local epileptiform events (EEs); when we simultaneously recorded single pyramidal neurons in whole-cell voltage-clamp mode in contralateral cortex, we found large GABAergic IPSCs that correlated with the EEs (but not correlated EPSCs), demonstrating strong f ...
Role of High-Affinity Receptors and Membrane Transporters in
... VI. Clinical implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... VI. Clinical implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of sleep
... • Modern sleep research began with electrophysiological monitoring of sleep. • The first person to record electric currents of the brain was Richard Caton in1875. • Hans Berger (1929) is generally credited with the discovery of the EEG. He showed that the EEG differs between sleep and waking. • Aser ...
... • Modern sleep research began with electrophysiological monitoring of sleep. • The first person to record electric currents of the brain was Richard Caton in1875. • Hans Berger (1929) is generally credited with the discovery of the EEG. He showed that the EEG differs between sleep and waking. • Aser ...
Control of breathing by interacting pontine and
... Bilateral injections of NMDA antagonists (MK-801 and AP-5) into the rostral pons reversibly increase the duration of inspiration in vagotomized rats, and this increase is dose-dependent (Fung et al., 1994). This suggests that the rostral pons contains neurons with NMDA-receptors participating in the ...
... Bilateral injections of NMDA antagonists (MK-801 and AP-5) into the rostral pons reversibly increase the duration of inspiration in vagotomized rats, and this increase is dose-dependent (Fung et al., 1994). This suggests that the rostral pons contains neurons with NMDA-receptors participating in the ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.