NEURAL ACTIVITY RELATED TO ANTICIPATED REWARD:
... fixation breaks occurring at each time during the trial (in 500 ms bins) and under each condition (short or long delay), as a fraction of all fixation breaks committed by the monkeys. Overall, cases in which a trial was aborted by breaking fixation, even during the first second, were rare. Out of a ...
... fixation breaks occurring at each time during the trial (in 500 ms bins) and under each condition (short or long delay), as a fraction of all fixation breaks committed by the monkeys. Overall, cases in which a trial was aborted by breaking fixation, even during the first second, were rare. Out of a ...
The Time Course and Amplitude of EPSPs Evoked at Synapses
... action potential in CA3 neurons and the distance between the SR and CA3 electrodes were both recorded for 27 CA3 neurons. The conduction velocities determined for the Schaffer collaterals from these parameters ranged from 0.33 to 1.70 m/set, with a mean of 1.01 m/set. However these values are likely ...
... action potential in CA3 neurons and the distance between the SR and CA3 electrodes were both recorded for 27 CA3 neurons. The conduction velocities determined for the Schaffer collaterals from these parameters ranged from 0.33 to 1.70 m/set, with a mean of 1.01 m/set. However these values are likely ...
Discrete coding of stimulus value, reward expectation, and reward
... quantified as relative variance, which is 1 at p = 0.5 and is 0 at p = 0 and at p = 1. When analyzing ...
... quantified as relative variance, which is 1 at p = 0.5 and is 0 at p = 0 and at p = 1. When analyzing ...
Rapid eye movement sleep promotes cortical
... sleep. Cats with normal sleep show shifts in ocular dominance (OD), as previously reported (4). This effect was reduced after RSD yet preserved after NF (Fig. 2). These effects were quantified with scalar measures of ODP on the basis of the responsiveness of each pixel to the nondeprived and deprive ...
... sleep. Cats with normal sleep show shifts in ocular dominance (OD), as previously reported (4). This effect was reduced after RSD yet preserved after NF (Fig. 2). These effects were quantified with scalar measures of ODP on the basis of the responsiveness of each pixel to the nondeprived and deprive ...
Dopaminergic control of the globus pallidus and its impact
... The work of my thesis is a part of integrative neurobiology and focuses on studying the control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influe ...
... The work of my thesis is a part of integrative neurobiology and focuses on studying the control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influe ...
Control of Gonadotropin Secretion by Follicle
... autopsy, it occurred to us that lGnRH-III could be the FSHRF, because lGnRH-I had little activity for release of either LH or FSH (18). Indeed, lGnRH-III is a potent FSHreleasing factor with little or no LH-releasing activity both in vitro when incubated with hemipituitaries of male rats and in vivo ...
... autopsy, it occurred to us that lGnRH-III could be the FSHRF, because lGnRH-I had little activity for release of either LH or FSH (18). Indeed, lGnRH-III is a potent FSHreleasing factor with little or no LH-releasing activity both in vitro when incubated with hemipituitaries of male rats and in vivo ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (JDMS)
... as the duration for which these doses were administered. There were no signs of recovery in the group E left for 10 days post treatment before they were sacrificed, as there was persistence in severity of degeneration of glomeruli and tubules in the cortex These lesions observed is consistent with t ...
... as the duration for which these doses were administered. There were no signs of recovery in the group E left for 10 days post treatment before they were sacrificed, as there was persistence in severity of degeneration of glomeruli and tubules in the cortex These lesions observed is consistent with t ...
ITI-signals and prelimbic cortex facilitate avoidance acquisition and
... procedures has been linked to the IL cortex; whereas others have proposed the dorsal prelimbic (PL) cortex increases threat detection. We used these distinctions to try to understand whether IL or PL-cortex serve a role in the acquisition of lever-press active avoidance in male WKY rats, when an ITI ...
... procedures has been linked to the IL cortex; whereas others have proposed the dorsal prelimbic (PL) cortex increases threat detection. We used these distinctions to try to understand whether IL or PL-cortex serve a role in the acquisition of lever-press active avoidance in male WKY rats, when an ITI ...
electrophysiological and synaptic properties of rat superior and
... using the rat IMG as a model of synaptic transmission to test the hypothesis that the safety factor (i.e., the tendency for a preganglionic action potential to evoke an action potential in a postganglionic neuron) is increased in DOCA-salt HT. Intracellular recordings of IMG neurons with concurrent ...
... using the rat IMG as a model of synaptic transmission to test the hypothesis that the safety factor (i.e., the tendency for a preganglionic action potential to evoke an action potential in a postganglionic neuron) is increased in DOCA-salt HT. Intracellular recordings of IMG neurons with concurrent ...
Statistics and geometry of orientation selectivity in primary visual
... There is a theory of OS and its organization based on the geometry of cortex (Braitenberg 1985, 1992; Braitenberg and Braitenberg 1979; Braitenberg and Schüz 1998). In this model, both the orientation specificity and the organization of receptive fields are determined by the geometry of cortical col ...
... There is a theory of OS and its organization based on the geometry of cortex (Braitenberg 1985, 1992; Braitenberg and Braitenberg 1979; Braitenberg and Schüz 1998). In this model, both the orientation specificity and the organization of receptive fields are determined by the geometry of cortical col ...
Propofol Inhibits Neuronal Firing Activities in the Caudal
... cytoarchitecture of neurons in the CVLM is heterogeneous. Therefore, propofol may produce different effects on different neurons. However, most neuronal firings in the CVLM being inhibited by intravenous propofol demonstrates that the inhibitory effect of propofol still plays a major role in modulat ...
... cytoarchitecture of neurons in the CVLM is heterogeneous. Therefore, propofol may produce different effects on different neurons. However, most neuronal firings in the CVLM being inhibited by intravenous propofol demonstrates that the inhibitory effect of propofol still plays a major role in modulat ...
Frontal Eye Field Sends Delay Activity Related to Movement
... in Go versus Nogo trials, then it was related to movement. To characterize this activity in more detail, we examined whether it was related to making a specific range of saccadic vectors, whether its intensity predicted reaction time, and whether the activity always predicted saccade generation, eve ...
... in Go versus Nogo trials, then it was related to movement. To characterize this activity in more detail, we examined whether it was related to making a specific range of saccadic vectors, whether its intensity predicted reaction time, and whether the activity always predicted saccade generation, eve ...
Mapping From Motor Cortex to Biceps and Triceps Altered By Elbow
... train, pulses were presented at 200 Hz. For each site, we first varied the current until an evoked movement was observed. The threshold, the current at which the movement was evoked 50% of the time, was determined by two observers. The average threshold was 13.3 A, with a range of 7–21 and a SD of ...
... train, pulses were presented at 200 Hz. For each site, we first varied the current until an evoked movement was observed. The threshold, the current at which the movement was evoked 50% of the time, was determined by two observers. The average threshold was 13.3 A, with a range of 7–21 and a SD of ...
Prelimbic to Accumbens Core Pathway Is Recruited in a Dopamine
... quantified as they tend to have more retrogradely labeled neurons than contralateral connections (Brog et al., 1993). The percentage of CTb ⫹ cells that coexpressed Fos was determined for each tissue section. Means of these percentages were computed for each rat, and these per rat means were average ...
... quantified as they tend to have more retrogradely labeled neurons than contralateral connections (Brog et al., 1993). The percentage of CTb ⫹ cells that coexpressed Fos was determined for each tissue section. Means of these percentages were computed for each rat, and these per rat means were average ...
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Transection Eliminates
... have contributed to the c-fos response in the NST. Moreover, although both quinine and sucrose led to significantly enhanced FLI in the NST compared with no stimulation, the gustatoryelicited increases in FLI did not reach statistical significance relative to water. Consequently, whether the observe ...
... have contributed to the c-fos response in the NST. Moreover, although both quinine and sucrose led to significantly enhanced FLI in the NST compared with no stimulation, the gustatoryelicited increases in FLI did not reach statistical significance relative to water. Consequently, whether the observe ...
Contrasting Effects of Reward Expectation on Sensory and Motor
... The mean discharge rate in each task period was compared with that in the pre-cue ‘control’ period (the 1 s duration before the cue onset) to examine whether the neuron showed significant task-related activities. If the mean discharge rate in a given period was significantly different from that in the ...
... The mean discharge rate in each task period was compared with that in the pre-cue ‘control’ period (the 1 s duration before the cue onset) to examine whether the neuron showed significant task-related activities. If the mean discharge rate in a given period was significantly different from that in the ...
Author`s personal copy - Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives
... in PD patients (Dostrovsky et al., 2000) and sup ported by computational models (Johnson and McIntyre, 2008). On the other hand, no clear time-lock has been observed in another study on MPTP-treated monkeys (McCairn and Turner, 2009), where the majority of GPi and GPe neu rons responded to repeate ...
... in PD patients (Dostrovsky et al., 2000) and sup ported by computational models (Johnson and McIntyre, 2008). On the other hand, no clear time-lock has been observed in another study on MPTP-treated monkeys (McCairn and Turner, 2009), where the majority of GPi and GPe neu rons responded to repeate ...
Thalamocortical neuron loss and localized astrocytosis in the Cln3
... display a range of effects upon cortical thinning and neuronal loss between sensory and motor cortex (Bible et al., 2004; Cooper et al., 1999; Mitchison et al., 1999; Pontikis et al., 2004). Our analysis of these regions in homozygous Cln3 Dex7/8 mice also revealed different degrees of cortical thin ...
... display a range of effects upon cortical thinning and neuronal loss between sensory and motor cortex (Bible et al., 2004; Cooper et al., 1999; Mitchison et al., 1999; Pontikis et al., 2004). Our analysis of these regions in homozygous Cln3 Dex7/8 mice also revealed different degrees of cortical thin ...
Print
... left several important problems unsolved. Since antiquity, it has been known that the actions of Cannabis and delta-9-THC are not restricted to the CNS, but include effects on nonneural tissues such as reduction of inflammation, lowering of intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma, and relief o ...
... left several important problems unsolved. Since antiquity, it has been known that the actions of Cannabis and delta-9-THC are not restricted to the CNS, but include effects on nonneural tissues such as reduction of inflammation, lowering of intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma, and relief o ...
Resonance properties of different neuronal populations in the
... mechanisms localized with individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. However, in g ...
... mechanisms localized with individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. However, in g ...
Ethanol Potentiation of Glycine-Induced Responses in Dissociated
... fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol effects are neurobehavioral disturbances, such as hyperactivity, learning disabilities, depression, and psychosis (Clarren and Smith, 1978). The mechanisms underlying EtOH effects on the developing human brain, however, are poorly understood. According to a very ...
... fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol effects are neurobehavioral disturbances, such as hyperactivity, learning disabilities, depression, and psychosis (Clarren and Smith, 1978). The mechanisms underlying EtOH effects on the developing human brain, however, are poorly understood. According to a very ...
view - E-LIB Bremen - Universität Bremen
... from the ears. Neurons of both areas usually also differ in their intrinsic properties. Roe and colleagues rewired ferret brains by routing visual input into the auditory cortex of ferrets before birth. Despite the physiological differences of neurons in both areas, the ferrets were able to see and th ...
... from the ears. Neurons of both areas usually also differ in their intrinsic properties. Roe and colleagues rewired ferret brains by routing visual input into the auditory cortex of ferrets before birth. Despite the physiological differences of neurons in both areas, the ferrets were able to see and th ...
LFP Power Spectra in V1 Cortex: The Graded Effect of Stimulus
... al. 2003). Competing models of V1 orientation selectivity, which can account for single-unit discharge properties, can be distinguished by the tuning properties of the underlying synaptic activity (both excitation and inhibition) (cf. for review Shapley et al. 2003). In a more generic context, when ...
... al. 2003). Competing models of V1 orientation selectivity, which can account for single-unit discharge properties, can be distinguished by the tuning properties of the underlying synaptic activity (both excitation and inhibition) (cf. for review Shapley et al. 2003). In a more generic context, when ...
Nicotine injections into the ventral tegmental area increase
... stimulatory effect of locally applied nicotine was completely blocked by pretreatment with mecamylamine (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.). Repeated intra-tegmental iniections of a subthreshold dose of nicotine (2.0 btg/side every 2 days), gradually increased locomotion, compared to the effect of acute intra-tegment ...
... stimulatory effect of locally applied nicotine was completely blocked by pretreatment with mecamylamine (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.). Repeated intra-tegmental iniections of a subthreshold dose of nicotine (2.0 btg/side every 2 days), gradually increased locomotion, compared to the effect of acute intra-tegment ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.