Direction of action is represented in the ventral premotor cortex
... extrinsic-like neurons in M1 (∼61%). Another salient difference between the two motor areas was that on average, the movementrelated activity of extrinsic-like neurons in the PMv occurred earlier than the corresponding activity in M1. All of these observations are consistent with the proposal that t ...
... extrinsic-like neurons in M1 (∼61%). Another salient difference between the two motor areas was that on average, the movementrelated activity of extrinsic-like neurons in the PMv occurred earlier than the corresponding activity in M1. All of these observations are consistent with the proposal that t ...
J Neurophysiol - University of Connecticut
... maximum deviation in the STRF or RTF. Best frequency (Hz) and peak latency (ms) are the spectral and temporal coordinates of the maximum deviation in the STRF (Fig. 1A, gray arrows). The spectrotemporal boundaries of an STRF feature were defined by a contour at 1/e times the maximum value. This thre ...
... maximum deviation in the STRF or RTF. Best frequency (Hz) and peak latency (ms) are the spectral and temporal coordinates of the maximum deviation in the STRF (Fig. 1A, gray arrows). The spectrotemporal boundaries of an STRF feature were defined by a contour at 1/e times the maximum value. This thre ...
Current BCI Platforms
... over sensorimotor cortex · BCI doesn’t require actual movement but can be accomplished with imagined movement alone · Frequency alterations can occur independently of activity in the brain’s normal output channels of peripheral nerves and muscles and could therefore serves as the basis for a BCI ...
... over sensorimotor cortex · BCI doesn’t require actual movement but can be accomplished with imagined movement alone · Frequency alterations can occur independently of activity in the brain’s normal output channels of peripheral nerves and muscles and could therefore serves as the basis for a BCI ...
Receptors in lateral hypothalamic area involved in - AJP
... and the cobaltous chloride experiments (11), inhibition of the response was rarely complete. This suggests that the connections between IC autonomic efferents and LHA neurons may be relatively diffusely distributed within this region. This postulation is supported by the anterograde labeling of IC a ...
... and the cobaltous chloride experiments (11), inhibition of the response was rarely complete. This suggests that the connections between IC autonomic efferents and LHA neurons may be relatively diffusely distributed within this region. This postulation is supported by the anterograde labeling of IC a ...
Regulation of thalamocortical axon branching by BDNF and synaptic vesicle cycling
... During development, axons form elaborate arbors to make synaptic contacts with their target cells. Neurotrophins, such as brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have been shown to regulate axon branching in the developing brain (Cohen et al., 1954; Vicario-Abejón et al., 1998; Cohen-Cory, 1999; Ma ...
... During development, axons form elaborate arbors to make synaptic contacts with their target cells. Neurotrophins, such as brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have been shown to regulate axon branching in the developing brain (Cohen et al., 1954; Vicario-Abejón et al., 1998; Cohen-Cory, 1999; Ma ...
EEG & Sleep
... or delta waves (high voltage waves) in EEG. • In Petit Mal epilepsy, there is spike & dome pattern. • In Psychomotor epilepsy, mainly delta waves are seen. ...
... or delta waves (high voltage waves) in EEG. • In Petit Mal epilepsy, there is spike & dome pattern. • In Psychomotor epilepsy, mainly delta waves are seen. ...
Effect of Adrenalectomy on Miniature Inhibitory Postsynaptic
... The setpoint of HPA activity is not only determined by the humoral feedback via corticosterone but also by neuronal signals integrated in the PVN. The PVN receives excitatory inputs from several brain areas, such as the amygdala (Feldman and Weidenfeld 1998), the dorsomedial hypothalamus (Morin et a ...
... The setpoint of HPA activity is not only determined by the humoral feedback via corticosterone but also by neuronal signals integrated in the PVN. The PVN receives excitatory inputs from several brain areas, such as the amygdala (Feldman and Weidenfeld 1998), the dorsomedial hypothalamus (Morin et a ...
Excitatory Cerebellar Nucleocortical Circuit Provides Internal
... level of their terminals in vitro with direct patch-clamp recordings of MF rosettes. Nucleocortical MFs labeled with eYFP could be readily visualized following injections of AAV-hSynChR2-eYFP in the IpN (Figures 1E, 1F, and 4A). The rosettes showed the electrophysiological characteristics stereotypi ...
... level of their terminals in vitro with direct patch-clamp recordings of MF rosettes. Nucleocortical MFs labeled with eYFP could be readily visualized following injections of AAV-hSynChR2-eYFP in the IpN (Figures 1E, 1F, and 4A). The rosettes showed the electrophysiological characteristics stereotypi ...
Pacemaker Potentials for the Periodic Burst Discharge in the Heart
... Spikes are usually produced in other neurons. This is an example of the dissociation of the pacemaker function. There will be further discussion on p. 857. SLOW ...
... Spikes are usually produced in other neurons. This is an example of the dissociation of the pacemaker function. There will be further discussion on p. 857. SLOW ...
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... the ith trial. PLF takes values between 0 and 1, representing the amount of synchronization across trials between the spike train and a specific event. For this analysis, the amplitude of each frequency in single trials was measured during −300–100 ms relative to the stimulus onset (Figures 4A,B). I ...
... the ith trial. PLF takes values between 0 and 1, representing the amount of synchronization across trials between the spike train and a specific event. For this analysis, the amplitude of each frequency in single trials was measured during −300–100 ms relative to the stimulus onset (Figures 4A,B). I ...
Barrel cortex function - Brain Research Institute
... detail columnar activity and its relationship to vibrissa-related perception. Section 3 will portray vibrissal active touch as a system that supports a rich repertoire of behaviors in rodents. It will cover the neuronal correlate of associative coupling: maps, long-range projections and trans-column ...
... detail columnar activity and its relationship to vibrissa-related perception. Section 3 will portray vibrissal active touch as a system that supports a rich repertoire of behaviors in rodents. It will cover the neuronal correlate of associative coupling: maps, long-range projections and trans-column ...
Revised_BJP_MS_
... (Gonzalez et al., 2011; Jayamanne et al., 2006). Immediately following the administration of antagonists, rats received either JZL184 (10mg kg-1 in an injection volume of 2ml kg-1, generously received from Prof Benjamin Cravatt, Scripps Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA) or vehicle (ethanol:cremophor:sal ...
... (Gonzalez et al., 2011; Jayamanne et al., 2006). Immediately following the administration of antagonists, rats received either JZL184 (10mg kg-1 in an injection volume of 2ml kg-1, generously received from Prof Benjamin Cravatt, Scripps Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA) or vehicle (ethanol:cremophor:sal ...
Neural realisation of the SP theory
... proxy or reference for another cell assembly or class of cell assemblies. This device provides solutions to many of the problems associated with cell assemblies, it allows information to be stored in a compressed form, and it provides a robust mechanism by which assemblies may be connected to form h ...
... proxy or reference for another cell assembly or class of cell assemblies. This device provides solutions to many of the problems associated with cell assemblies, it allows information to be stored in a compressed form, and it provides a robust mechanism by which assemblies may be connected to form h ...
Spontaneous persistent activity in entorhinal cortex modulates
... interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that there was a strong correlation between a neuron’s Down-transition lag and its probability o ...
... interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that there was a strong correlation between a neuron’s Down-transition lag and its probability o ...
Central Neuropeptide Y Signaling Ameliorates N
... Abstract—Neuropeptide Y is a potent inhibitory neurotransmitter expressed in the central neurons that control blood pressure. NO also serves as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and its deficit causes sympathetic overactivity, which then contributes to hypertension. This study tested the hypothesis th ...
... Abstract—Neuropeptide Y is a potent inhibitory neurotransmitter expressed in the central neurons that control blood pressure. NO also serves as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and its deficit causes sympathetic overactivity, which then contributes to hypertension. This study tested the hypothesis th ...
Dynamics and Synchronization of Motifs of Neuronal Populations in the Presence
... The purpose of this introductory chapter is twofold: to motivate, and to contextualize. The motivation aims at evidencing the importance of synchronization to brain functioning. Consciousness, cognition, behavior and perception require the interaction of multiple large groups of interconnected neuro ...
... The purpose of this introductory chapter is twofold: to motivate, and to contextualize. The motivation aims at evidencing the importance of synchronization to brain functioning. Consciousness, cognition, behavior and perception require the interaction of multiple large groups of interconnected neuro ...
A Physiologically Plausible Model of Action Selection
... activity (Brown et al., 2002; Cassidy et al., 2002) suggests that ␥-band oscillations are intimately related to normal motor behavior (MacKay, 1997). However, despite the anatomically identified feedback loop formed between STN and GP, the two nuclei seem decoupled in the healthy BG (Magill et al., ...
... activity (Brown et al., 2002; Cassidy et al., 2002) suggests that ␥-band oscillations are intimately related to normal motor behavior (MacKay, 1997). However, despite the anatomically identified feedback loop formed between STN and GP, the two nuclei seem decoupled in the healthy BG (Magill et al., ...
NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS IN THE VISUAL CORTEX OF
... is focused on NMDA receptors channel which is permeable to Ca++ ions only if the postsynaptic membrane is sufficiently depolarized. Thus the NMDA receptor permits current flow only if there is coincident pre- and postsynaptic activation (26). Therefore it is not surprising that the involvement of NM ...
... is focused on NMDA receptors channel which is permeable to Ca++ ions only if the postsynaptic membrane is sufficiently depolarized. Thus the NMDA receptor permits current flow only if there is coincident pre- and postsynaptic activation (26). Therefore it is not surprising that the involvement of NM ...
1 - Projeto Andar de Novo
... C6 lineage on DNA damage and parameters of astrocyte activity (glutamate uptake, glutamine synthetase (GS) and S100B secretion). C6 cells were cultured in DMEM (pH 7.4) 5% serum. Experiments were performed in the presence of Res (0.01 to 250 µM). DNA damage was assessed by the comet assay; S100B by ...
... C6 lineage on DNA damage and parameters of astrocyte activity (glutamate uptake, glutamine synthetase (GS) and S100B secretion). C6 cells were cultured in DMEM (pH 7.4) 5% serum. Experiments were performed in the presence of Res (0.01 to 250 µM). DNA damage was assessed by the comet assay; S100B by ...
Vagal Input to Lateral Area 3a in Cat Cortex
... to esophageal or stomach stimulation. Thus there seems to be a region in the neighborhood of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) that receives sensory input from abdominal organs and might be involved in conscious sensations from these organs. However, this region has not been anatomically or func ...
... to esophageal or stomach stimulation. Thus there seems to be a region in the neighborhood of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) that receives sensory input from abdominal organs and might be involved in conscious sensations from these organs. However, this region has not been anatomically or func ...
The Prefrontal Cortex and Flexible Behavior
... out tasks even under challenging conditions, such as having a conversation in a noisy restaurant. There is evidence that the prefrontal cortex in primates is necessary not only for choosing relevant information for the task at hand but also for actively suppressing irrelevant stimuli. Patients with ...
... out tasks even under challenging conditions, such as having a conversation in a noisy restaurant. There is evidence that the prefrontal cortex in primates is necessary not only for choosing relevant information for the task at hand but also for actively suppressing irrelevant stimuli. Patients with ...
mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs
... decrease in the activity of DA neurons, and, ultimately, complete inactivation of DA neuron firing in both regions (6). This so-called depolarization block was suggested to be the reason for the slow onset of antipsychotic action, which is observed in some, but not all, psychotic patients. The devel ...
... decrease in the activity of DA neurons, and, ultimately, complete inactivation of DA neuron firing in both regions (6). This so-called depolarization block was suggested to be the reason for the slow onset of antipsychotic action, which is observed in some, but not all, psychotic patients. The devel ...
Differential effects of nicotine on the activity of substantia nigra and
... Fig. 1. Identification of SNc and VTA dopaminergic neurons. (A) Transverse section (150 mm) of the rat forebrain viewed under brightfield illumination. The needle track (Fluoro-Gold injection) is marked by arrows. (B) The same section viewed under epifluorescence, showing a deposit of Fluoro-Gold 3 ...
... Fig. 1. Identification of SNc and VTA dopaminergic neurons. (A) Transverse section (150 mm) of the rat forebrain viewed under brightfield illumination. The needle track (Fluoro-Gold injection) is marked by arrows. (B) The same section viewed under epifluorescence, showing a deposit of Fluoro-Gold 3 ...
MECHANISMS OF CENTRAL TRANSMISSION OF RESPIRATORY
... whose discharge frequency increased during moderate inflation were inhibited at higher degrees of inflation (Fig. 8). This inhibition of expiratory neurons was observed even a t moderate lung volumes if the rate of inflation was increased. The secondary inhibition of expiratory neurons at higher lun ...
... whose discharge frequency increased during moderate inflation were inhibited at higher degrees of inflation (Fig. 8). This inhibition of expiratory neurons was observed even a t moderate lung volumes if the rate of inflation was increased. The secondary inhibition of expiratory neurons at higher lun ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.