PDF+Links
... staining (e.g. Lysakowski et al., 1989; Baskerville et al., 1993). Thus, also in the present study, the histochemical reactivity of AChE was used as a marker for cholinergic projection to the cortex. To illustrate the data obtained, an example of somatic sensorimotor cortex was presented. In additio ...
... staining (e.g. Lysakowski et al., 1989; Baskerville et al., 1993). Thus, also in the present study, the histochemical reactivity of AChE was used as a marker for cholinergic projection to the cortex. To illustrate the data obtained, an example of somatic sensorimotor cortex was presented. In additio ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... sampled at 400 Hz. All biopotentials were digitized on-line with a PC running Spike2 acquisition and analysis software (version 4; Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK). Data from the recording session were first scrutinized for ECG and respiration artifacts. LFP data contaminated with ECG art ...
... sampled at 400 Hz. All biopotentials were digitized on-line with a PC running Spike2 acquisition and analysis software (version 4; Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK). Data from the recording session were first scrutinized for ECG and respiration artifacts. LFP data contaminated with ECG art ...
Volatile Solvents as Drugs of Abuse: Focus on the Cortico
... solvent use has been recognized as a potential drug problem for many years, research on the sites and mechanisms of action of these compounds lags behind that of other drugs of abuse. In this review, we first discuss the epidemiology of voluntary solvent use throughout the world and then consider wh ...
... solvent use has been recognized as a potential drug problem for many years, research on the sites and mechanisms of action of these compounds lags behind that of other drugs of abuse. In this review, we first discuss the epidemiology of voluntary solvent use throughout the world and then consider wh ...
Two Types of Neurons in the Primate Globus
... fixate on a stationary target spot at known visual angles. Thereafter, visual stimuli were presented in individual trials, and monkeys were rewarded at specific time intervals during each trial with drops of water or apple juice for maintaining eye position within a “window” that surrounded the stimul ...
... fixate on a stationary target spot at known visual angles. Thereafter, visual stimuli were presented in individual trials, and monkeys were rewarded at specific time intervals during each trial with drops of water or apple juice for maintaining eye position within a “window” that surrounded the stimul ...
ROLE OF EARLY ACOUSTIC EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAT by
... length, arbor complexity, and spine density, did not differ significantly between rats reared under cWN and age-matched controls. Rats reared under cWN showed a significantly greater proportion of filopodia to mature spines on apical dendrites compared to age-matched controls. Together, these data i ...
... length, arbor complexity, and spine density, did not differ significantly between rats reared under cWN and age-matched controls. Rats reared under cWN showed a significantly greater proportion of filopodia to mature spines on apical dendrites compared to age-matched controls. Together, these data i ...
Coding Rate and Duration of Vocalizations of the Frog, Xenopus laevis
... expressed NMDARs, we first applied 1 M tetrodotoxin (TTX) (SigmaAldrich) to block all spike-mediated synaptic transmission. The effectiveness of TTX treatment was confirmed when action potentials could no longer be produced by either the FTNs or vocal motoneurons (determined by the loss of activity ...
... expressed NMDARs, we first applied 1 M tetrodotoxin (TTX) (SigmaAldrich) to block all spike-mediated synaptic transmission. The effectiveness of TTX treatment was confirmed when action potentials could no longer be produced by either the FTNs or vocal motoneurons (determined by the loss of activity ...
Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
... Synapses from other inputs that fire at random times with respect to this dominant group will then be weakened if LTD dominates over LTP for random temporal pairings21. If two neurons are reciprocally connected and have correlated activities, Hebbian plasticity will typically strengthen the synapses ...
... Synapses from other inputs that fire at random times with respect to this dominant group will then be weakened if LTD dominates over LTP for random temporal pairings21. If two neurons are reciprocally connected and have correlated activities, Hebbian plasticity will typically strengthen the synapses ...
M1 Corticospinal Mirror Neurons and Their Role in
... Mirror neurons are particularly fascinating in that they are activated not only by one’s own actions but also by the actions of others. Mirror neurons in macaque area F5 were originally shown to respond during both the monkey’s own grasping action and during observation of grasp carried out by a hum ...
... Mirror neurons are particularly fascinating in that they are activated not only by one’s own actions but also by the actions of others. Mirror neurons in macaque area F5 were originally shown to respond during both the monkey’s own grasping action and during observation of grasp carried out by a hum ...
A simulation of parahippocampal and hippocampal structures guiding spatial navigation of
... mechanism for phenomena observed in single unit recording from the entorhinal cortex during performance of delayed matching and delayed non-matching tasks (Suzuki et al., 1997; Young et al., 1997). In particular, if cholinergic modulation is present, these cation currents are activated. Figure 3 sho ...
... mechanism for phenomena observed in single unit recording from the entorhinal cortex during performance of delayed matching and delayed non-matching tasks (Suzuki et al., 1997; Young et al., 1997). In particular, if cholinergic modulation is present, these cation currents are activated. Figure 3 sho ...
Dopaminergic Transmission and Wake
... but little is known about them with regards to control of the sleep-wake cycle. One study suggested increased activity of the A11 cell group during REM sleep deprivation suggesting they are wake-active (Leger et al. 2010). Dopaminecontaining neurons are also located in the retina and olfactory bulb. ...
... but little is known about them with regards to control of the sleep-wake cycle. One study suggested increased activity of the A11 cell group during REM sleep deprivation suggesting they are wake-active (Leger et al. 2010). Dopaminecontaining neurons are also located in the retina and olfactory bulb. ...
Synchronisation hubs in the visual cortex may arise from strong
... predict that the strength and orientation tuning of synaptic inhibition are heterogeneous across area 17 neurons, which could have important implications for these neurons’ sensory processing capabilities. Furthermore, although our experimental recordings were conducted in the visual cortex, our mod ...
... predict that the strength and orientation tuning of synaptic inhibition are heterogeneous across area 17 neurons, which could have important implications for these neurons’ sensory processing capabilities. Furthermore, although our experimental recordings were conducted in the visual cortex, our mod ...
SLEEP AND EEG
... Fibers descending from cortex especially motor cortex can activate RAS. Centers that govern sleep are within the brain-stem, but recent evidence suggest that the center for slow sleep (NREM) lie in the hypothalamus. ...
... Fibers descending from cortex especially motor cortex can activate RAS. Centers that govern sleep are within the brain-stem, but recent evidence suggest that the center for slow sleep (NREM) lie in the hypothalamus. ...
Exposure to As-, Cd-, and Pb-Mixture Induces Ab, Amyloidogenic
... Wu et al., 2008). However, none of the studies bring forth the effect of AsþCdþPb-mixture on AD pathogenesis. In addition, effect of developmental exposure to these metals on the AD marker proteins at early-age remains uninvestigated. Inflammation plays a key role in onset and progression of sporadi ...
... Wu et al., 2008). However, none of the studies bring forth the effect of AsþCdþPb-mixture on AD pathogenesis. In addition, effect of developmental exposure to these metals on the AD marker proteins at early-age remains uninvestigated. Inflammation plays a key role in onset and progression of sporadi ...
Somatosensory Cortical Activity in Relation to Arm Posture
... was recorded while monkeys maintained a range of static arm postures. Unit discharge was related to parameters defining the posture of the arm by multiple linear regression techniques. 2. Two monkeys were trained to grasp a manipulandum presented at locations distributed throughout their workspace. ...
... was recorded while monkeys maintained a range of static arm postures. Unit discharge was related to parameters defining the posture of the arm by multiple linear regression techniques. 2. Two monkeys were trained to grasp a manipulandum presented at locations distributed throughout their workspace. ...
SLEEP AND EEG
... Fibers descending from cortex especially motor cortex can activate RAS. Centers that govern sleep are within the brain-stem, but recent evidence suggest that the center for slow sleep (NREM) lie in the hypothalamus. ...
... Fibers descending from cortex especially motor cortex can activate RAS. Centers that govern sleep are within the brain-stem, but recent evidence suggest that the center for slow sleep (NREM) lie in the hypothalamus. ...
PLoS ONE-3
... adult humans. Here, we investigated whether adult irradiation in rats caused behavioral abnormalities relevant to schizophrenia. Methodology/Principal Findings: A total dose of 15-Gy irradiation in six fractionations during 3 weeks was exposed to the forebrain including the subventricular zone (SVZ) ...
... adult humans. Here, we investigated whether adult irradiation in rats caused behavioral abnormalities relevant to schizophrenia. Methodology/Principal Findings: A total dose of 15-Gy irradiation in six fractionations during 3 weeks was exposed to the forebrain including the subventricular zone (SVZ) ...
D27 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... regular 8-12 Hz, 20-100 μV waves; normal frequency is age dependent (if frequency is less than normal for age group – it is abnormality!) amplitude often waxes and wanes over periods of 1-2 sec ("spindling"). frequency is decreased by hypoglycemia, hypothermia, glucocorticoid hormones↓, PaCO2↑ ...
... regular 8-12 Hz, 20-100 μV waves; normal frequency is age dependent (if frequency is less than normal for age group – it is abnormality!) amplitude often waxes and wanes over periods of 1-2 sec ("spindling"). frequency is decreased by hypoglycemia, hypothermia, glucocorticoid hormones↓, PaCO2↑ ...
Discharge Rate of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons Is
... Spike-trains were used for further analysis only if their spike waveforms were reliably separated from those of other units during the on-line spike sorting. Each of these spike trains was then analyzed for stability. In this analysis, the rate of each unit as a function of time was displayed graphi ...
... Spike-trains were used for further analysis only if their spike waveforms were reliably separated from those of other units during the on-line spike sorting. Each of these spike trains was then analyzed for stability. In this analysis, the rate of each unit as a function of time was displayed graphi ...
Development and aging of cortical thickness correspond to genetic
... of cognitive domains (31–37), as well as in neurodevelopmental conditions such as schizophrenia (28, 38). However, it is important to note that also positive associations between cognitive function and cortical thickness have been found in childhood and adolescence (39, 40) and that symptoms of neur ...
... of cognitive domains (31–37), as well as in neurodevelopmental conditions such as schizophrenia (28, 38). However, it is important to note that also positive associations between cognitive function and cortical thickness have been found in childhood and adolescence (39, 40) and that symptoms of neur ...
Signal Propagation and Logic Gating in Networks of Integrate
... course, mean values. In the actual simulations, we take advantage of fluctuations around the mean (there are 200 ⫾ 14 connections per neuron) that allow for more cells in higher layers. The number 33 was chosen as a compromise between maximizing the number of neurons in each layer and the number of ...
... course, mean values. In the actual simulations, we take advantage of fluctuations around the mean (there are 200 ⫾ 14 connections per neuron) that allow for more cells in higher layers. The number 33 was chosen as a compromise between maximizing the number of neurons in each layer and the number of ...
ARTICULOS PUBLICADOS EN REVISTAS ELECTRÓNICAS: TRABAJO 1:
... picrotoxinin were dissolved in saline at the appropriate concentrations and injected (1 ml/kg) through the femoral vein. Finally, to determine the latency of antidromic spikes traveling along serotonergic axons projecting to mPFC we recorded serotonergic neurons in the DR during electrical stimulati ...
... picrotoxinin were dissolved in saline at the appropriate concentrations and injected (1 ml/kg) through the femoral vein. Finally, to determine the latency of antidromic spikes traveling along serotonergic axons projecting to mPFC we recorded serotonergic neurons in the DR during electrical stimulati ...
Natural reward-related learning in rats with neonatal ventral
... model of schizophrenia. NVHL rats show post-adolescent onset of neuroleptic-responsive, positive-like symptoms, such as hyper-responsivity of dopamine-mediated behaviors (Lipska et al. 1993; Lipska and Weinberger 1994) accompanied by a number of schizophrenia-related cognitive and negative-like symp ...
... model of schizophrenia. NVHL rats show post-adolescent onset of neuroleptic-responsive, positive-like symptoms, such as hyper-responsivity of dopamine-mediated behaviors (Lipska et al. 1993; Lipska and Weinberger 1994) accompanied by a number of schizophrenia-related cognitive and negative-like symp ...
Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the rat
... physiological and behavioral functions including sleep (Jacobs et al., 1990; Jouvet, 1972; Jacobs and Azmitia, 1992). Accordingly, extracellular electrophysiological recordings in freely moving cats have shown that DRN serotonergic neurons fire tonically during wakefulness (W), decrease their activi ...
... physiological and behavioral functions including sleep (Jacobs et al., 1990; Jouvet, 1972; Jacobs and Azmitia, 1992). Accordingly, extracellular electrophysiological recordings in freely moving cats have shown that DRN serotonergic neurons fire tonically during wakefulness (W), decrease their activi ...
Descending Systems Translate Transient Cortical Commands into a
... defined above. In both cases, the aligning event was the beginning of torque production, which was defined offline based on the derivative of the torque signal (Yanai et al. 2007). The PETH was obtained by counting spikes in 20-ms bins. We then averaged these histograms for the target nearest the neuro ...
... defined above. In both cases, the aligning event was the beginning of torque production, which was defined offline based on the derivative of the torque signal (Yanai et al. 2007). The PETH was obtained by counting spikes in 20-ms bins. We then averaged these histograms for the target nearest the neuro ...
Specificity and Plasticity of Thalamocortical Connections in Sema6A
... subcortical sorting of thalamic axons within the ventral telencephalon largely determines their final targeting within the cortex [16–20]. For example, in mutants in the transcription factor Ebf1 or in the Dlx1/Dlx2 double mutants, a subset of thalamic axons is misrouted ventrally, resulting in a cau ...
... subcortical sorting of thalamic axons within the ventral telencephalon largely determines their final targeting within the cortex [16–20]. For example, in mutants in the transcription factor Ebf1 or in the Dlx1/Dlx2 double mutants, a subset of thalamic axons is misrouted ventrally, resulting in a cau ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.