From spike frequency to free recall:
... region CA3 and the Schaffer collaterals from CA3 to CA1) would undergo strong synaptic modification, but weak synaptic transmission. In contrast, retrieval dynamics would have weaker afferent input, with strong internal synaptic transmission, but weak synaptic modification. Previous research has not ...
... region CA3 and the Schaffer collaterals from CA3 to CA1) would undergo strong synaptic modification, but weak synaptic transmission. In contrast, retrieval dynamics would have weaker afferent input, with strong internal synaptic transmission, but weak synaptic modification. Previous research has not ...
Spike Train SIMilarity Space (SSIMS): A Framework for Single
... Thus, the neural activity for each individual trial is represented by a 1 × mn–dimensional vector that includes m similarity measurements for each neuron. When the vectors for each of the m trials are combined into a matrix for an ensemble of n neurons, the result is an m × mn matrix we refer to as ...
... Thus, the neural activity for each individual trial is represented by a 1 × mn–dimensional vector that includes m similarity measurements for each neuron. When the vectors for each of the m trials are combined into a matrix for an ensemble of n neurons, the result is an m × mn matrix we refer to as ...
Generation of Theta and Gamma Rhythms in the Hippocampus
... LEUNG, L. S. Generation of theta and gamma rhythms in the hippocampus. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 22(2), 275–290, 1998.—In the behaving rat, theta rhythm was dominant during walking and rapid-eye-movement sleep, while irregular slow activity predominated during immobility and slow-wave sleep. Oscillatory ...
... LEUNG, L. S. Generation of theta and gamma rhythms in the hippocampus. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 22(2), 275–290, 1998.—In the behaving rat, theta rhythm was dominant during walking and rapid-eye-movement sleep, while irregular slow activity predominated during immobility and slow-wave sleep. Oscillatory ...
Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits
... (Fig. 2d, e) and displayed both excitatory (5 of 12 neurons) and inhibitory (2 of 12 neurons) CS responses (Fig. 2d, e). Morphological reconstruction of neurobiotin-filled neurons revealed that the axons of both subtypes arborize locally within CEl, and send collaterals to CEm (Fig. 2d, e). To test ...
... (Fig. 2d, e) and displayed both excitatory (5 of 12 neurons) and inhibitory (2 of 12 neurons) CS responses (Fig. 2d, e). Morphological reconstruction of neurobiotin-filled neurons revealed that the axons of both subtypes arborize locally within CEl, and send collaterals to CEm (Fig. 2d, e). To test ...
What Keeps Us Awake: the Neuropharmacology of Stimulants and
... the other extends to the hypothalamus and basal forebrain (Figure 1). The primary origin of the thalamic projection from the brainstem has been identified as the cholinergic pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei. Three structures can be considered as key relays between the midbrain reti ...
... the other extends to the hypothalamus and basal forebrain (Figure 1). The primary origin of the thalamic projection from the brainstem has been identified as the cholinergic pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei. Three structures can be considered as key relays between the midbrain reti ...
Open-loop organization of thalamic reticular nucleus and dorsal
... signals to the thalamus if those signals arrive prior to T-channel deinactivation. Therefore, the TRN is strategically situated to influence the flow of information passing through the thalamus and may enhance or suppress thalamic responsiveness, depending on the relative timing of afferent inputs a ...
... signals to the thalamus if those signals arrive prior to T-channel deinactivation. Therefore, the TRN is strategically situated to influence the flow of information passing through the thalamus and may enhance or suppress thalamic responsiveness, depending on the relative timing of afferent inputs a ...
The subthalamic nucleus exerts opposite control on cocaine and
... As drugs of abuse and natural reinforcers mostly recruit common biological substrates, the possibility of obtaining such dissociation remains an open issue. Structures of the basal ganglia classically considered motor structures can be involved in coding reward1,2 and in the reinforcing effects of c ...
... As drugs of abuse and natural reinforcers mostly recruit common biological substrates, the possibility of obtaining such dissociation remains an open issue. Structures of the basal ganglia classically considered motor structures can be involved in coding reward1,2 and in the reinforcing effects of c ...
Is GABA excitatory or inhibitory at the AIS?
... As a measure to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and to further increase network computation, many of the synaptic inputs to neurons are inhibitory. These inputs ...
... As a measure to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and to further increase network computation, many of the synaptic inputs to neurons are inhibitory. These inputs ...
Operant conditioning and motor cortex - D
... rates of pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) correlated with gross motor behavior [16], and had suggested that this correlation was indicative of a relatively direct, and causal, relationship between PTN activity and volitional movement [15]. Moreover, he reported evidence suggesting that the activity of ...
... rates of pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) correlated with gross motor behavior [16], and had suggested that this correlation was indicative of a relatively direct, and causal, relationship between PTN activity and volitional movement [15]. Moreover, he reported evidence suggesting that the activity of ...
Behavioral consequences of abnormal cortical development
... given perinatal manipulation results in different morphology and/or behavior outcomes for the sexes. As one might guess, these interactions are not always straightforward, nor do they always fall into predictable patterns. Some general principles do emerge from available studies which provide insigh ...
... given perinatal manipulation results in different morphology and/or behavior outcomes for the sexes. As one might guess, these interactions are not always straightforward, nor do they always fall into predictable patterns. Some general principles do emerge from available studies which provide insigh ...
Glutamate Receptors Form Hot Spots on Apical Dendrites of
... (Kunz et al. 1972). Up to four restricted areas of high sensitivity (hot spots) were found at dendritic regions 80 – 600 m from the soma (Figs. 2, A and B, 3, and 5B). An electrophysiological hot spot was defined as having a response to glutamate, under conditions where voltage-dependent Na⫹ and Ca ...
... (Kunz et al. 1972). Up to four restricted areas of high sensitivity (hot spots) were found at dendritic regions 80 – 600 m from the soma (Figs. 2, A and B, 3, and 5B). An electrophysiological hot spot was defined as having a response to glutamate, under conditions where voltage-dependent Na⫹ and Ca ...
Comparing the Functional Representations of Central and Border
... Because research has been focused mainly on whiskers whose barrels are located centrally within the PMBSF (central whiskers), it is unclear whether a whisker with a barrel at the border of the PMBSF (border whisker) also has a large functional representation. Although whisker responses have been rec ...
... Because research has been focused mainly on whiskers whose barrels are located centrally within the PMBSF (central whiskers), it is unclear whether a whisker with a barrel at the border of the PMBSF (border whisker) also has a large functional representation. Although whisker responses have been rec ...
The functional role of GABA and glycine in monaural and binaural
... tone evoked discharge rate was increased on the average to 353% of the control values (range 112% to 1550%). In cells, which under control conditions were unresponsive to pure tones, a maximum increase in tone evoked discharge activity by a factor of 294 was found. Strychnine antagonized the effect ...
... tone evoked discharge rate was increased on the average to 353% of the control values (range 112% to 1550%). In cells, which under control conditions were unresponsive to pure tones, a maximum increase in tone evoked discharge activity by a factor of 294 was found. Strychnine antagonized the effect ...
Methods of Studying The Nervous System - U
... • Its value lies in the fact that particular EEG wave forms are associated with particular states of consciousness; generally lowamplitude, fast EEG activity is associated with alert aroused state; and highamplitude, slow EEG activity (alpha waves) is associated with a relaxed but awake state Pinel' ...
... • Its value lies in the fact that particular EEG wave forms are associated with particular states of consciousness; generally lowamplitude, fast EEG activity is associated with alert aroused state; and highamplitude, slow EEG activity (alpha waves) is associated with a relaxed but awake state Pinel' ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... in the loose-patch mode for a given postsynaptic neuron. If a monosynaptic connection was not found after this extensive searching, the L2/3 interneuron was, however, processed for morphological reconstruction in most cases. Therefore, we report putative connection rates for the different types of i ...
... in the loose-patch mode for a given postsynaptic neuron. If a monosynaptic connection was not found after this extensive searching, the L2/3 interneuron was, however, processed for morphological reconstruction in most cases. Therefore, we report putative connection rates for the different types of i ...
Cerebellar Unit Activity and the Movement Disruption Induced by
... stimulation. Other description as in Fig. 1 and 3. ...
... stimulation. Other description as in Fig. 1 and 3. ...
How do neurons communicate?
... see depolarization (change from negative inside neuron to more positive) ◦ “threshold” – if a great enough depolarization occurs, an action potential will occur ◦ action potential – very quick – milliseconds Other terms – spike, firing, generating an AP ...
... see depolarization (change from negative inside neuron to more positive) ◦ “threshold” – if a great enough depolarization occurs, an action potential will occur ◦ action potential – very quick – milliseconds Other terms – spike, firing, generating an AP ...
Can the Psycho-Emotional State be Optimized by Regular Use of
... impact of training. Therefore, here we explored the effect of selfguided emotion-centered imagery, trying to answer not only the question “whether”, according to the subjects, there was an effect on their state of emotional well-being, but also “how” functioning of the brain was affected by training ...
... impact of training. Therefore, here we explored the effect of selfguided emotion-centered imagery, trying to answer not only the question “whether”, according to the subjects, there was an effect on their state of emotional well-being, but also “how” functioning of the brain was affected by training ...
Representing Spatial Information for Limb - Research
... uniformly throughout space, and the population vector predicts well the hand trajectory (Georgopoulos et al., 1988). A vector code of movement direction implies that neural activity should be the same for the same movement performed along parallel directions but starting from different initial posit ...
... uniformly throughout space, and the population vector predicts well the hand trajectory (Georgopoulos et al., 1988). A vector code of movement direction implies that neural activity should be the same for the same movement performed along parallel directions but starting from different initial posit ...
Section and Senior Editor - HAL
... brain. These cells discharge tonically during W in the cat and mouse (Sakai et al.,1990; Vanni-Mercier et al.,2003; Takahashi et al.,2006), the firing pattern being the most wakeselective one so far identified in the brain. Pharmacological dosing impairing brain HA neurotransmission increases cortic ...
... brain. These cells discharge tonically during W in the cat and mouse (Sakai et al.,1990; Vanni-Mercier et al.,2003; Takahashi et al.,2006), the firing pattern being the most wakeselective one so far identified in the brain. Pharmacological dosing impairing brain HA neurotransmission increases cortic ...
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... FIG. 1. Examples of synchronous oscillations in cognitive behaviors. A: theta rhythm in the hippocampus during spatial navigation. Top: in the task, rat shuttles back and forth along a linear track between food rewards contained in cups attached to movable walls. Middle: color-coded firing field of ...
... FIG. 1. Examples of synchronous oscillations in cognitive behaviors. A: theta rhythm in the hippocampus during spatial navigation. Top: in the task, rat shuttles back and forth along a linear track between food rewards contained in cups attached to movable walls. Middle: color-coded firing field of ...
A Simple Biophysically Plausible Model for Long Time
... be implemented. Although it is possible that these properties could result from recurrent network connections (see Brody et al., 2003; Major and Tank, 2004, for reviews), we focus here on the possibility that intrinsic currents could be used to implement these two properties. ...
... be implemented. Although it is possible that these properties could result from recurrent network connections (see Brody et al., 2003; Major and Tank, 2004, for reviews), we focus here on the possibility that intrinsic currents could be used to implement these two properties. ...
Statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions: Constraints on 40
... SMNI addresses the 7±2 rule as the number of attractors possible in minicolumnar interactions, using synaptic and neuronal parameters taken from experimental data. These attractors are most-likely states of an evolving conditional probability distribution of columnar firings. The ADP model is based ...
... SMNI addresses the 7±2 rule as the number of attractors possible in minicolumnar interactions, using synaptic and neuronal parameters taken from experimental data. These attractors are most-likely states of an evolving conditional probability distribution of columnar firings. The ADP model is based ...
GABA-Based Evaluation of Neurologic Conditions: MR Spectroscopy
... seizure activity—reduced GABA would be expected to allow unbridled excitatory neural activity. In line with this theory, antiepileptic medications generally have an effect on increasing GABAergic activity and decreasing CSF levels of GABA.28 Moreover, antibodies to GAD have been detected in many gro ...
... seizure activity—reduced GABA would be expected to allow unbridled excitatory neural activity. In line with this theory, antiepileptic medications generally have an effect on increasing GABAergic activity and decreasing CSF levels of GABA.28 Moreover, antibodies to GAD have been detected in many gro ...
Neurophysiological and Computational Principles of Cortical
... Activity in the Cerebral Cortex In 1958, Frédéric Bremer published a seminal review in this journal on “theoretical and experimental data pertaining to the nature, origin, synchrony and functional significance of brain waves” (110). Half a century later, the study of cortical rhythms has become an a ...
... Activity in the Cerebral Cortex In 1958, Frédéric Bremer published a seminal review in this journal on “theoretical and experimental data pertaining to the nature, origin, synchrony and functional significance of brain waves” (110). Half a century later, the study of cortical rhythms has become an a ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.