Analysis of Firing Correlations Between Sympathetic Premotor
... (Fig. 1A). Once two such unit recordings were isolated, attempts were made to determine whether either neuron possessed a spinal axon by looking for an antidromic response to electrical stimulation of the dorsolateral funiculus in the third to fourth cervical segments (Fig. 1B). Standard tests, incl ...
... (Fig. 1A). Once two such unit recordings were isolated, attempts were made to determine whether either neuron possessed a spinal axon by looking for an antidromic response to electrical stimulation of the dorsolateral funiculus in the third to fourth cervical segments (Fig. 1B). Standard tests, incl ...
Effects of galanin on wide-dynamic range neuron activity
... in intact rats (unpublished data). The present study demonstrated that the discharge frequency of the WDR neurons decreased significantly after the administration of galanin in rats with mononeuropathy. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that 0.5 nmol of galanin results in a significant inhibition of ...
... in intact rats (unpublished data). The present study demonstrated that the discharge frequency of the WDR neurons decreased significantly after the administration of galanin in rats with mononeuropathy. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that 0.5 nmol of galanin results in a significant inhibition of ...
Integrating Top-Down and Bottom
... In general, these studies revealed rather subtle effects of higher cortical areas on receptive field properties and firing rates of neurons in the primary visual cortex. Thus, it has been suggested that feedback projections have modulatory effects while activity is mainly driven by the bottom-up pat ...
... In general, these studies revealed rather subtle effects of higher cortical areas on receptive field properties and firing rates of neurons in the primary visual cortex. Thus, it has been suggested that feedback projections have modulatory effects while activity is mainly driven by the bottom-up pat ...
Functional Connectivity of the Secondary Somatosensory Cortex of
... provide an alternative view, that is, S2 received direct thalamic inputs rather than through a serially organized path by means of S1. One hypothesis to explain these divergent findings is the possibility that serial or parallel processing types vary among species and/ or different body regions. The ...
... provide an alternative view, that is, S2 received direct thalamic inputs rather than through a serially organized path by means of S1. One hypothesis to explain these divergent findings is the possibility that serial or parallel processing types vary among species and/ or different body regions. The ...
The Origins of Two-State Spontaneous Membrane Potential
... not accessible in vitro, because there is currently no in vitro preparation in which this activity is maintained. Although the activation and deactivation of currents postulated to be responsible for the membrane potential states can be and have been studied in dissociated neostriatal cells and in n ...
... not accessible in vitro, because there is currently no in vitro preparation in which this activity is maintained. Although the activation and deactivation of currents postulated to be responsible for the membrane potential states can be and have been studied in dissociated neostriatal cells and in n ...
Chapter 2 – Action potential - Fun-Mooc
... potential can also exist after a depolarization, a delta V, a change in the membrane potential , and we see that the aqueous pore opens, and sodium ions pass through. We are now going to record sodium current through a single sodium channel. This current is known as unit current and is denoted with ...
... potential can also exist after a depolarization, a delta V, a change in the membrane potential , and we see that the aqueous pore opens, and sodium ions pass through. We are now going to record sodium current through a single sodium channel. This current is known as unit current and is denoted with ...
Self-organization and interareal networks™in™the™primate cortex
... generally accepted that the physiological function of the cortex is shaped by the pattern of interareal connections. Here, we focus on the SGLs of the cortex that are thought to undergo selective expansion in primates (Dehay and Kennedy, 2007). In a first instance, we review how connection weight de ...
... generally accepted that the physiological function of the cortex is shaped by the pattern of interareal connections. Here, we focus on the SGLs of the cortex that are thought to undergo selective expansion in primates (Dehay and Kennedy, 2007). In a first instance, we review how connection weight de ...
Reticular Formation
... sleep: EEG activity of the cortex changes from sleep pattern to waking state ...
... sleep: EEG activity of the cortex changes from sleep pattern to waking state ...
Response characteristics in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN
... visual system. The network has to react to these changes in order to create a reliable visual perception. As the direct consequence of the fast changing signals which arrive at any given cell a strongly varying activity pattern is observed as its output. Through lateral and feed-back connectivity th ...
... visual system. The network has to react to these changes in order to create a reliable visual perception. As the direct consequence of the fast changing signals which arrive at any given cell a strongly varying activity pattern is observed as its output. Through lateral and feed-back connectivity th ...
Canty, J Neurosci 2009 - Carlos Ibanez Lab @ KI
... are required for GABAergic interneuron migration or differentiation (Pozas and Ibáñez, 2005), suggesting that other transmembrane effectors may mediate the effects of GDNF on these cells. The early lethality of mice lacking GDNF or GFR␣1 prevented us from assessing the consequences of this loss fo ...
... are required for GABAergic interneuron migration or differentiation (Pozas and Ibáñez, 2005), suggesting that other transmembrane effectors may mediate the effects of GDNF on these cells. The early lethality of mice lacking GDNF or GFR␣1 prevented us from assessing the consequences of this loss fo ...
GABAergic Influence on Taste Information in the Central Gustatory
... concentration-dependent manner; 96% of tested neurons responded to muscimol (GABAA agonist) in a similar manner. Baclofen (GABAB agonist) was tested on 11 neurons with no effects. GABAA antagonists picrotoxin and BICM blocked these GABA responses in a concentration-dependent manner. These results s ...
... concentration-dependent manner; 96% of tested neurons responded to muscimol (GABAA agonist) in a similar manner. Baclofen (GABAB agonist) was tested on 11 neurons with no effects. GABAA antagonists picrotoxin and BICM blocked these GABA responses in a concentration-dependent manner. These results s ...
Effects of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonist MCPG
... the developmental changes in glutamate-stimulated phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis, which are well correlated with developmental changes in visual cortical plasticity (Dudek and Bear, 1989). A consequence of PI turnover is the generation of two second messengers, diacylglycerol and phosphatidylinosi ...
... the developmental changes in glutamate-stimulated phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis, which are well correlated with developmental changes in visual cortical plasticity (Dudek and Bear, 1989). A consequence of PI turnover is the generation of two second messengers, diacylglycerol and phosphatidylinosi ...
Preparation for action: one of the key functions of motor cortex.
... 8.3. NEURONAL CORRELATES OF PREPARATORY PROCESSES In many studies, in which only one movement parameter was precued, substantial proportions of neurons were found in various cortical (and sub-cortical) areas that changed their activity when prior information about direction was provided (cf 1,20,21, ...
... 8.3. NEURONAL CORRELATES OF PREPARATORY PROCESSES In many studies, in which only one movement parameter was precued, substantial proportions of neurons were found in various cortical (and sub-cortical) areas that changed their activity when prior information about direction was provided (cf 1,20,21, ...
Effect of Gayatri Mantra Meditation on Meditation Naive Subjects: an
... patterns. Electro Encephalogram is the recording of brain wave patterns. EEG meditation studies have found power increases in theta and alpha bands. Additional findings of increased power coherence and gamma band effects with meditation are starting to emerge. However meta analysis and review studie ...
... patterns. Electro Encephalogram is the recording of brain wave patterns. EEG meditation studies have found power increases in theta and alpha bands. Additional findings of increased power coherence and gamma band effects with meditation are starting to emerge. However meta analysis and review studie ...
A local circuit approach to understanding integration of
... current plots for cortical neurons (McCormick et al., 1985). In our prior model the distinction between RS and FS neurons was imposed simply to be consistent with known cellular physiology. Here we utilize two differences between the two cell classes as one way to create an asymmetry in the local ci ...
... current plots for cortical neurons (McCormick et al., 1985). In our prior model the distinction between RS and FS neurons was imposed simply to be consistent with known cellular physiology. Here we utilize two differences between the two cell classes as one way to create an asymmetry in the local ci ...
The tetrapartite synapse_ Extracellular matrix remodeling
... effort has gone towards determining the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity that underlie the transition from recreational drug use to dependence/addiction, including substantial research on drug-induced neuroadaptations in glutamatergic inputs to the nucleus accumbens and the dysregulation of glutama ...
... effort has gone towards determining the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity that underlie the transition from recreational drug use to dependence/addiction, including substantial research on drug-induced neuroadaptations in glutamatergic inputs to the nucleus accumbens and the dysregulation of glutama ...
J. Neurophysiol. - Nonlinear Dynamics Group
... medians were taken as the representative Cv and Lv values for each neuron. For the present data, the median values are almost identical to the mean values for individual neurons, and the following results change little if the median values are replaced with the mean values. The distributions of the ...
... medians were taken as the representative Cv and Lv values for each neuron. For the present data, the median values are almost identical to the mean values for individual neurons, and the following results change little if the median values are replaced with the mean values. The distributions of the ...
Recognition by Variance: Learning Rules for Spatiotemporal Patterns
... (or more) sets of selected patterns are to be distinguished between each other. Several network models were proposed to address this task. Hopfield and Brody (2001) introduced a network of Integrate and Fire neurons capable of recognizing spoken words, encoded as a spatiotemporal pattern of spikes, ...
... (or more) sets of selected patterns are to be distinguished between each other. Several network models were proposed to address this task. Hopfield and Brody (2001) introduced a network of Integrate and Fire neurons capable of recognizing spoken words, encoded as a spatiotemporal pattern of spikes, ...
Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-A Function and Binding in
... Abstract—The goal of this study was to determine whether ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission and GABA binding are altered in chronic renal-wrap hypertension. Three groups of hypertensive and sham-operated rats were prepared for separate protocols. Four weeks later, the animals were prepared ...
... Abstract—The goal of this study was to determine whether ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission and GABA binding are altered in chronic renal-wrap hypertension. Three groups of hypertensive and sham-operated rats were prepared for separate protocols. Four weeks later, the animals were prepared ...
Neurotransmitter Function
... GABA agonists (mimic GABA at receptor sites): • Muscimol – used to dilate pupils • Benzodiazepines – used to treat anxiety • Barbiturates – used as an anesthetic and to treat seizures in children under the age of 2 (controversy) • Steroids – particularly those used for anesthesia ...
... GABA agonists (mimic GABA at receptor sites): • Muscimol – used to dilate pupils • Benzodiazepines – used to treat anxiety • Barbiturates – used as an anesthetic and to treat seizures in children under the age of 2 (controversy) • Steroids – particularly those used for anesthesia ...
13-1 CHAPTER 13 SYNAPSES The nervous system consists of
... called synaptic vesicles. All of these structures except the synaptic cleft (you’d need a higher power to see that) are visible in the electron micrograph of Figure 13-1B. It is believed that transmission from one cell to another at a synapse like the one just described (a chemical synapse, as oppos ...
... called synaptic vesicles. All of these structures except the synaptic cleft (you’d need a higher power to see that) are visible in the electron micrograph of Figure 13-1B. It is believed that transmission from one cell to another at a synapse like the one just described (a chemical synapse, as oppos ...
Continuous attractor network models of grid cell firing based on
... Abstract Neurons in the medial entorhinal cortex encode location through spatial firing fields that have a grid-like organisation. The challenge of identifying mechanisms for grid firing has been addressed through experimental and theoretical investigations of medial entorhinal circuits. Here, we di ...
... Abstract Neurons in the medial entorhinal cortex encode location through spatial firing fields that have a grid-like organisation. The challenge of identifying mechanisms for grid firing has been addressed through experimental and theoretical investigations of medial entorhinal circuits. Here, we di ...
Linköping University Post Print the developmental age of the cells
... (Glut3) expression is reduced with increasing neuronal age (Fattoretti et al. 2001). Patel and Brewer (2003) found that the rate of glucose uptake in cultured embryonic neurons was threefold greater than in neurons taken from middle-aged and old donor rats. Thus, it is possible that the age of neuro ...
... (Glut3) expression is reduced with increasing neuronal age (Fattoretti et al. 2001). Patel and Brewer (2003) found that the rate of glucose uptake in cultured embryonic neurons was threefold greater than in neurons taken from middle-aged and old donor rats. Thus, it is possible that the age of neuro ...
Cell Type-Specific, Presynaptic LTP of Inhibitory Synapses on Fast
... LTP induction. IPSPs of GABAergic neurons in layer II/III of visual cortical slices were elicited by test stimulation at 0.05 Hz through a concentric bipolar stimulating electrode (125 m diameter, FHC) positioned in the same layer of the cortex (about 100 m from the recording electrode). The inten ...
... LTP induction. IPSPs of GABAergic neurons in layer II/III of visual cortical slices were elicited by test stimulation at 0.05 Hz through a concentric bipolar stimulating electrode (125 m diameter, FHC) positioned in the same layer of the cortex (about 100 m from the recording electrode). The inten ...
Zn2 Slows Down CaV3.3 Gating Kinetics: Implications for
... In addition, Zn2⫹ slowed down channel deactivation but channel recovery from inactivation was only modestly changed. Zn2⫹ also decreased whole cell Ca2⫹ permeability to 45% of control values. In the presence of Zn2⫹, Ca2⫹ currents evoked by mock action potentials were more persistent than in its abs ...
... In addition, Zn2⫹ slowed down channel deactivation but channel recovery from inactivation was only modestly changed. Zn2⫹ also decreased whole cell Ca2⫹ permeability to 45% of control values. In the presence of Zn2⫹, Ca2⫹ currents evoked by mock action potentials were more persistent than in its abs ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.