Neural Coding 2016
... Reviewed papers will appear in special issues of two journals – Biosystems and Biological Cybernetics. The details of the submission procedure and deadlines will be given on the web page of the workshop (http://neural-coding-2016.unikoeln.de) and the participants will be informed by email. The expec ...
... Reviewed papers will appear in special issues of two journals – Biosystems and Biological Cybernetics. The details of the submission procedure and deadlines will be given on the web page of the workshop (http://neural-coding-2016.unikoeln.de) and the participants will be informed by email. The expec ...
Microinfusion of bupropion inhibits putative GABAergic ventral
... 1. Introduction: The ventral tegmental area (VTA) comprises of dopaminergic (DA) and non-dopaminergic (nonDA) neurons. The abundant non-dopaminergic neurons are gamma-aminobutyric acid releasing or putative GABAergic neurons. The VTA plays a significant role in reward, addiction, psychiatric disord ...
... 1. Introduction: The ventral tegmental area (VTA) comprises of dopaminergic (DA) and non-dopaminergic (nonDA) neurons. The abundant non-dopaminergic neurons are gamma-aminobutyric acid releasing or putative GABAergic neurons. The VTA plays a significant role in reward, addiction, psychiatric disord ...
Fine Gating Properties of Channels Responsible for Persistent
... and therefore c(slow) was considered as related to the interburst closing process. The average values of c(fast)2 and c(slow) were such that the duration threshold between intraburst and interburst closing events was set at 10 ms (namely, an interval 6–10 times higher than the slowest c(fast)s ...
... and therefore c(slow) was considered as related to the interburst closing process. The average values of c(fast)2 and c(slow) were such that the duration threshold between intraburst and interburst closing events was set at 10 ms (namely, an interval 6–10 times higher than the slowest c(fast)s ...
Effect of dopamine receptor stimulation on voltage
... Impaired working memory is a common feature of neuropsychiatric disorders. It is dependent on control of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons by dopamine. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of a D1/5-type dopamine receptor agonist (SKF 38393, 10 µM) on the membrane potential an ...
... Impaired working memory is a common feature of neuropsychiatric disorders. It is dependent on control of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons by dopamine. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of a D1/5-type dopamine receptor agonist (SKF 38393, 10 µM) on the membrane potential an ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation by
... increase in the synchrony of the entrained neurons. This relation of LFP and neuronal firing can be explained by the fact that LFPs are produced by postsynaptic potentials, and periodicity in neuronal firing would be associated with periodicity in LFPs. They also documented the spatial extent of neu ...
... increase in the synchrony of the entrained neurons. This relation of LFP and neuronal firing can be explained by the fact that LFPs are produced by postsynaptic potentials, and periodicity in neuronal firing would be associated with periodicity in LFPs. They also documented the spatial extent of neu ...
Whisker sensory system – From receptor to decision
... the cellular mechanisms that underlie sensory responses. A second, more recent line of research has focused on tactile psychophysics, that is, quantification of the behavioral capacities supported by whisker sensation. The opportunity to join these two lines of investigation makes whisker-mediated se ...
... the cellular mechanisms that underlie sensory responses. A second, more recent line of research has focused on tactile psychophysics, that is, quantification of the behavioral capacities supported by whisker sensation. The opportunity to join these two lines of investigation makes whisker-mediated se ...
Comparative analysis of the baseline spike activity of
... random interspike intervals accounted for only 1.3% of cells (Fig. 2, I). Analysis of histograms of interspike intervals for neurons in the fastigial nucleus in normal conditions showed a predominance of polymodal neurons (64.5%) (Fig. 3, B, III). There were significantly fewer mono- and bimodal neu ...
... random interspike intervals accounted for only 1.3% of cells (Fig. 2, I). Analysis of histograms of interspike intervals for neurons in the fastigial nucleus in normal conditions showed a predominance of polymodal neurons (64.5%) (Fig. 3, B, III). There were significantly fewer mono- and bimodal neu ...
Evidence for topographically organized endogenous 5‐HT‐1A
... evidence for tonic and state (swim)-dependent functions of endogenous 5-HT-1A receptor feedback mechanisms. 5-HT-1A antagonism revealed subregion-specific inhibitory effects of endogenous 5-HT-1A receptor-dependent mechanisms on Fos expression in the ascending raphe nuclei. These observations are con ...
... evidence for tonic and state (swim)-dependent functions of endogenous 5-HT-1A receptor feedback mechanisms. 5-HT-1A antagonism revealed subregion-specific inhibitory effects of endogenous 5-HT-1A receptor-dependent mechanisms on Fos expression in the ascending raphe nuclei. These observations are con ...
Local anaesthetics
... hydrophilic group is usually a tertiary amine. The lipophilic portion is usually an unsaturated aromatic ring (e.g. paminobenzoic acid). To exert clinically useful effect there should be a delicate balance between lipid solubility and water solubility . In general the increase in lipid solubility pr ...
... hydrophilic group is usually a tertiary amine. The lipophilic portion is usually an unsaturated aromatic ring (e.g. paminobenzoic acid). To exert clinically useful effect there should be a delicate balance between lipid solubility and water solubility . In general the increase in lipid solubility pr ...
Large-scale spatiotemporal spike patterning consistent with
... precentral gyrus of the upper-limb area of primary motor cortex (MI), these oscillations are not perfectly synchronized but rather exhibit phase gradients that indicate planar propagating waves along what we define as a beta wave axis, a rostro–caudal axis in monkeys13 and a medio–lateral axis in hum ...
... precentral gyrus of the upper-limb area of primary motor cortex (MI), these oscillations are not perfectly synchronized but rather exhibit phase gradients that indicate planar propagating waves along what we define as a beta wave axis, a rostro–caudal axis in monkeys13 and a medio–lateral axis in hum ...
Effects of yoga on the autonomic nervous system
... systems, this discussion will focus on the PNS. The term ‘GABAergic’ indicates activity of the GABA system detectable by various methods of measurement. For the purpose of this paper the term ‘yoga’ is used to encompass ancient and modern mind–body techniques, including all forms of yoga and other t ...
... systems, this discussion will focus on the PNS. The term ‘GABAergic’ indicates activity of the GABA system detectable by various methods of measurement. For the purpose of this paper the term ‘yoga’ is used to encompass ancient and modern mind–body techniques, including all forms of yoga and other t ...
Microcircuits in visual cortex Kevan AC Martin
... preferences change rapidly. Such images have been the inspiration for models of cortical wiring, where the goal is to discover whether the maps are in some way optimal solutions to the constraint of reducing wiring length [5,6•]. The significance of exploring this domain is that it places important ...
... preferences change rapidly. Such images have been the inspiration for models of cortical wiring, where the goal is to discover whether the maps are in some way optimal solutions to the constraint of reducing wiring length [5,6•]. The significance of exploring this domain is that it places important ...
Neonatal Ethanol Exposure Impairs Trace Fear Conditioning and
... 2 hours apart (5 g/kg/d; 5E), followed 2 hours later by milk alone. Sham-intubated (SI) control rats received identical treatment except no milk or EtOH was given. On PD 4, blood samples for determining blood alcohol concentration (BAC) were taken via tail clip just prior to the milk-alone intubatio ...
... 2 hours apart (5 g/kg/d; 5E), followed 2 hours later by milk alone. Sham-intubated (SI) control rats received identical treatment except no milk or EtOH was given. On PD 4, blood samples for determining blood alcohol concentration (BAC) were taken via tail clip just prior to the milk-alone intubatio ...
development and plasticity of cortical areas and networks
... homozygous mutants, caudolateral areas are expanded and rostrolateral areas are contracted30. Conversely, Emx2 is expressed in a low-rostrolateral–high-caudomedial gradient31,32 and the mutants show shrinkage of caudomedial cortex and an expansion of rostrolateral cortex. These shifts are shown both ...
... homozygous mutants, caudolateral areas are expanded and rostrolateral areas are contracted30. Conversely, Emx2 is expressed in a low-rostrolateral–high-caudomedial gradient31,32 and the mutants show shrinkage of caudomedial cortex and an expansion of rostrolateral cortex. These shifts are shown both ...
development and plasticity of cortical areas and networks
... homozygous mutants, caudolateral areas are expanded and rostrolateral areas are contracted30. Conversely, Emx2 is expressed in a low-rostrolateral–high-caudomedial gradient31,32 and the mutants show shrinkage of caudomedial cortex and an expansion of rostrolateral cortex. These shifts are shown both ...
... homozygous mutants, caudolateral areas are expanded and rostrolateral areas are contracted30. Conversely, Emx2 is expressed in a low-rostrolateral–high-caudomedial gradient31,32 and the mutants show shrinkage of caudomedial cortex and an expansion of rostrolateral cortex. These shifts are shown both ...
The Switch of Subthalamic Neurons From an Irregular to a Bursting
... Beurrier et al., 1999), whereas in vivo they exhibit a more or less regular or bursty pattern in anesthetized preparations (Hollerman and Grace, 1992; Ryan et al., 1992; Hassani et al., 1996; Kreiss et al., 1997; Magill et al., 2000), suggests that STN afferents play a crucial role in the modulation ...
... Beurrier et al., 1999), whereas in vivo they exhibit a more or less regular or bursty pattern in anesthetized preparations (Hollerman and Grace, 1992; Ryan et al., 1992; Hassani et al., 1996; Kreiss et al., 1997; Magill et al., 2000), suggests that STN afferents play a crucial role in the modulation ...
Rapid Critical Period Induction by Tonic Inhibition in Visual Cortex
... level of GABAergic transmission is restored by direct infusion of benzodiazepines into the brain. To better understand how intracortical inhibition triggers experience-dependent changes, we dissected the precise timing requirement for GABA function in the monocular deprivation (MD) paradigm. Diazepa ...
... level of GABAergic transmission is restored by direct infusion of benzodiazepines into the brain. To better understand how intracortical inhibition triggers experience-dependent changes, we dissected the precise timing requirement for GABA function in the monocular deprivation (MD) paradigm. Diazepa ...
From neuroanatomy to behavior: central integration of peripheral
... descriptions in tandem with an understanding of cellular physiology. More recent technological advances have culminated in the identification of peripheral and central factors that influence neural circuits regulating metabolism. This Review highlights contributions to our understanding of periphera ...
... descriptions in tandem with an understanding of cellular physiology. More recent technological advances have culminated in the identification of peripheral and central factors that influence neural circuits regulating metabolism. This Review highlights contributions to our understanding of periphera ...
Case Report Unilateral Absence of Pectoralis Major
... seen while giving anaesthetic blocks, performing surgical procedures in axillary region, interpreting tumour or traumatic nerve compressions. The absence of pectoralis major also cut down the option of using pectoral myofascial flap for head and neck ...
... seen while giving anaesthetic blocks, performing surgical procedures in axillary region, interpreting tumour or traumatic nerve compressions. The absence of pectoralis major also cut down the option of using pectoral myofascial flap for head and neck ...
Spike-Timing Theory of Working Memory
... reactivated due to stochastic synaptic noise. Short-term strengthening of the synapses of selected PNGs can bias these reactivations, i.e., increase the reactivation rate of the selected PNGs, which results in activity patterns similar to those observed in vivo during WM tasks [1–4,13]. Additionally ...
... reactivated due to stochastic synaptic noise. Short-term strengthening of the synapses of selected PNGs can bias these reactivations, i.e., increase the reactivation rate of the selected PNGs, which results in activity patterns similar to those observed in vivo during WM tasks [1–4,13]. Additionally ...
Neuronal Clusters in the Primate Motor Cortex during Interception of
... neuron and its next nearest centroid. Therefore, zero ambiguity indicates that a neuron is located precisely at the centroid of the current cluster, and the maximum ambiguity of one indicates that the neuron is located precisely halfway between the centroids of the two clusters. Distribution of memb ...
... neuron and its next nearest centroid. Therefore, zero ambiguity indicates that a neuron is located precisely at the centroid of the current cluster, and the maximum ambiguity of one indicates that the neuron is located precisely halfway between the centroids of the two clusters. Distribution of memb ...
lmmunohistochemical Localization
... was visible on the membrane surface of individual neurons. Cytoplasmic labeling appeared light (Fig. 4A). In some instances, the staining along the surfaces of neuronal cell bodies and dendrites was periodic or punctate in appearance, as is evident on the nonpyramidal CA 1 neuron in Figure 4B. Howev ...
... was visible on the membrane surface of individual neurons. Cytoplasmic labeling appeared light (Fig. 4A). In some instances, the staining along the surfaces of neuronal cell bodies and dendrites was periodic or punctate in appearance, as is evident on the nonpyramidal CA 1 neuron in Figure 4B. Howev ...
EFFECTS OF INTERLEUKM 1p ON JSOLATED RAT
... communication these cytokines adopt to converse with the CNS in order to initiate the immediate immune response. There is some evidence suggesting that cytokines can be actively transported through the BBB (Plotkin et al., I996), although the tirne course and quantity of this passage are probably to ...
... communication these cytokines adopt to converse with the CNS in order to initiate the immediate immune response. There is some evidence suggesting that cytokines can be actively transported through the BBB (Plotkin et al., I996), although the tirne course and quantity of this passage are probably to ...
Nonlinear brain dynamics as macroscopic manifestation of
... …”. We therefore sought to devise a neurodynamics of dendritic potentials by which to synthesize contemporary unit and EEG data with classical mid-20th century perceptual field theory into a new framework. Our analysis of electroencephalographic activity (EEG) has shown that cortical activity does n ...
... …”. We therefore sought to devise a neurodynamics of dendritic potentials by which to synthesize contemporary unit and EEG data with classical mid-20th century perceptual field theory into a new framework. Our analysis of electroencephalographic activity (EEG) has shown that cortical activity does n ...
Extracellular Glutamate, Glutamine, and GABA in the Hippocampus
... of the population (1). Epilepsy is broadly classified as localization-related or generalized, depending on whether it originates in one hemisphere or involves the cortex bilaterally, respectively. Epilepsy can be further characterized as idiopathic, which suggests a genetic basis and is not associat ...
... of the population (1). Epilepsy is broadly classified as localization-related or generalized, depending on whether it originates in one hemisphere or involves the cortex bilaterally, respectively. Epilepsy can be further characterized as idiopathic, which suggests a genetic basis and is not associat ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.