Impaired synaptic transmission was also observed in the DG in
... hyponatremia. Although many studies on cell degradation or apoptosis in the hippocampus following bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX) have been reported, animals in those studies were given saline after ADX to avoid decreases in serum [Na+] and death; in those previous studies; adrenalectomized rats witho ...
... hyponatremia. Although many studies on cell degradation or apoptosis in the hippocampus following bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX) have been reported, animals in those studies were given saline after ADX to avoid decreases in serum [Na+] and death; in those previous studies; adrenalectomized rats witho ...
short communication - Deep Blue
... intrinsic pacemaker system in the ganglion. The nature of many of the changes suggests that at least some of these modulators are tonic elements, normally producing effects over many cycles. Although there is evidence that specific components of a rhythmic cycle may be stimulated or inhibited indepe ...
... intrinsic pacemaker system in the ganglion. The nature of many of the changes suggests that at least some of these modulators are tonic elements, normally producing effects over many cycles. Although there is evidence that specific components of a rhythmic cycle may be stimulated or inhibited indepe ...
Arousal Systems
... variety of different conditions, modulating the functional capacities of cortical neurons during a wide range of behavioral states. ...
... variety of different conditions, modulating the functional capacities of cortical neurons during a wide range of behavioral states. ...
This article was originally published in a journal published by
... impairments as strong as the ones caused by complete medial septal lesions, suggesting that the role of this cholinergic innervation in spatial memory encoding can be substituted by GABAergic innervation from the medial septum [14]. Anatomical localization studies enable linking of behavioral effect ...
... impairments as strong as the ones caused by complete medial septal lesions, suggesting that the role of this cholinergic innervation in spatial memory encoding can be substituted by GABAergic innervation from the medial septum [14]. Anatomical localization studies enable linking of behavioral effect ...
Stimulation Within the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Can Evoke
... excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that were mediated by non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and NMDA receptors. These excitatory responses were the most prominent response in control artificial cerebrospinal fluid and have been studied previously. In 22 of the SPNs, RVLM stimulation also elicit ...
... excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that were mediated by non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and NMDA receptors. These excitatory responses were the most prominent response in control artificial cerebrospinal fluid and have been studied previously. In 22 of the SPNs, RVLM stimulation also elicit ...
Modulation of Cortical Activation and Behavioral Arousal by
... also high during wakefulness,70 particularly in association with attentive behavior.71 From very early pharmacological studies, it has been known that enhancement of ACh, by inhibition of its catabolic enzyme acetyl cholinesterase with physostigmine, evokes waking with cortical activation.72 On the ...
... also high during wakefulness,70 particularly in association with attentive behavior.71 From very early pharmacological studies, it has been known that enhancement of ACh, by inhibition of its catabolic enzyme acetyl cholinesterase with physostigmine, evokes waking with cortical activation.72 On the ...
review glutamate and gaba receptor signalling in - lópez
... in recent years. The major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain, glutamate and GABA, activate both ionotropic (ligand-gated ion channels) and metabotropic (G protein-coupled) receptors, and are generally associated with neuronal communication in the mature brain. However, before ...
... in recent years. The major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain, glutamate and GABA, activate both ionotropic (ligand-gated ion channels) and metabotropic (G protein-coupled) receptors, and are generally associated with neuronal communication in the mature brain. However, before ...
Physiological Plasticity of Single Neurons in Auditory Cortex of the
... At the level of auditory cortex, the situ- which is prototypical of nonlemnical audiation has not yet been clarified, but it is tory cortex (D. Diamond & Weinberger, probably more complex than at the thala- 1984). Such comparative information may mus. Auditory cortex consists of several be important ...
... At the level of auditory cortex, the situ- which is prototypical of nonlemnical audiation has not yet been clarified, but it is tory cortex (D. Diamond & Weinberger, probably more complex than at the thala- 1984). Such comparative information may mus. Auditory cortex consists of several be important ...
Ch48(2) - ISpatula
... 32) Assume that excessive consumption of ethanol increases the influx of negative chloride ions into ʺcommon senseʺ neurons whose action potentials are needed for you to act appropriately and not harm yourself or others. Thus, any resulting poor decisions associated with ethanol ingestion are likely ...
... 32) Assume that excessive consumption of ethanol increases the influx of negative chloride ions into ʺcommon senseʺ neurons whose action potentials are needed for you to act appropriately and not harm yourself or others. Thus, any resulting poor decisions associated with ethanol ingestion are likely ...
Features of Neuronal Synchrony in Mouse Visual Cortex
... been hypothesized to play a role in defining cell assemblies representing particular constellations of stimulus features. In many systems and species, synchronization is accompanied by an oscillatory response modulation at frequencies in the ␥-band. The cellular mechanisms underlying these phenomena ...
... been hypothesized to play a role in defining cell assemblies representing particular constellations of stimulus features. In many systems and species, synchronization is accompanied by an oscillatory response modulation at frequencies in the ␥-band. The cellular mechanisms underlying these phenomena ...
Neural Network Dynamics
... Understanding how neural circuitry generates complex patterns of activity is challenging, and it is even more difficult to build models of this type that remain sensitive to sensory input. In mathematical terms, we need to understand how a system can reconcile a rich internal state structure with a h ...
... Understanding how neural circuitry generates complex patterns of activity is challenging, and it is even more difficult to build models of this type that remain sensitive to sensory input. In mathematical terms, we need to understand how a system can reconcile a rich internal state structure with a h ...
The Development of Neural Synchrony and Large
... during an auditory oddball paradigm. In adult participants, phase locking of alpha oscillations was significantly increased while the amplitude was lower than in children. Together with the findings from SSRs, these data suggest that during the adolescent period, cortical circuits undergo a fine-tun ...
... during an auditory oddball paradigm. In adult participants, phase locking of alpha oscillations was significantly increased while the amplitude was lower than in children. Together with the findings from SSRs, these data suggest that during the adolescent period, cortical circuits undergo a fine-tun ...
An Intrinsic Oscillation in Interneurons of the Rat Lateral Geniculate
... potentials. In 48 interneurons, larger current pulses produced a bursting oscillation. When relatively depolarized, some interneurons produced a tonic train of action potentials in response to a depolarizing current pulse. However, most interneurons produced only oscillations, regardless of polariza ...
... potentials. In 48 interneurons, larger current pulses produced a bursting oscillation. When relatively depolarized, some interneurons produced a tonic train of action potentials in response to a depolarizing current pulse. However, most interneurons produced only oscillations, regardless of polariza ...
Direct Inhibition Evoked by Whisker Stimulation in Somatic Sensory
... principal whisker deflection is much reduced if an adjacent whisker is deflected 2–50 ms before the principal whisker (maximum inhibition ⬃20 ms). These results raise the possibility that stimulation of whiskers could directly inhibit the spontaneous discharge of cortical neurons under some conditio ...
... principal whisker deflection is much reduced if an adjacent whisker is deflected 2–50 ms before the principal whisker (maximum inhibition ⬃20 ms). These results raise the possibility that stimulation of whiskers could directly inhibit the spontaneous discharge of cortical neurons under some conditio ...
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... particularly the voltage-dependent conductances and receptor types involved. Theories for the genesis and termination of spindle oscillations need to be rigorously tested. Absence seizures also originate in the thalamocortical system. Because they are generalized and involve large-scale synchrony, J ...
... particularly the voltage-dependent conductances and receptor types involved. Theories for the genesis and termination of spindle oscillations need to be rigorously tested. Absence seizures also originate in the thalamocortical system. Because they are generalized and involve large-scale synchrony, J ...
Intermediate
... cortex) passes through cortical layers 4C and 2±4B, with layers 6 and 5 providing feedback (modulatory) connections, respectively. Since these dense connections are mostly confined within a column, this provides a great deal of purely intracolumnar ± and therefore local ± information processing. Lon ...
... cortex) passes through cortical layers 4C and 2±4B, with layers 6 and 5 providing feedback (modulatory) connections, respectively. Since these dense connections are mostly confined within a column, this provides a great deal of purely intracolumnar ± and therefore local ± information processing. Lon ...
Mechanisms of Plasticity of Inhibition in Chronic Pain Conditions
... plays a critical role in ensuring that sensory information is relayed accurately to the brain. In particular, a loss of inhibitory control, and the ensuing increase in excitability in spinal dorsal horn neuronal circuits, appears to be a key substrate of pain hypersensitivity. In this Chapter, we su ...
... plays a critical role in ensuring that sensory information is relayed accurately to the brain. In particular, a loss of inhibitory control, and the ensuing increase in excitability in spinal dorsal horn neuronal circuits, appears to be a key substrate of pain hypersensitivity. In this Chapter, we su ...
Author`s personal copy
... Autoradiography analysis of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors and c-Fos activity were performed in brain of rats classified as low drinkers (LD) and high drinkers (HD) according to schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) performance. Previous studies have shown that groups selected according to their rate of dr ...
... Autoradiography analysis of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors and c-Fos activity were performed in brain of rats classified as low drinkers (LD) and high drinkers (HD) according to schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) performance. Previous studies have shown that groups selected according to their rate of dr ...
Harris KD. Neural signatures of cell assembly organization. Nat Rev
... ‘Hopfield’ network92–95. In learning mode, these networks store externally presented patterns through the modification of recurrent excitatory synapses, according to a Hebbian rule. In recall mode, the state of the network evolves from an externally supplied starting point through intrinsic dynamics ...
... ‘Hopfield’ network92–95. In learning mode, these networks store externally presented patterns through the modification of recurrent excitatory synapses, according to a Hebbian rule. In recall mode, the state of the network evolves from an externally supplied starting point through intrinsic dynamics ...
Functional Synaptic Contacts by Intranuclear
... branches, and we could not follow them over long distances (⬍50 3B). These data suggest that the increase in the short depolarizing m). However, the delicate nature of these collaterals made them potentials is, indeed, a result of excitation of neurons that synapparticularly difficult to find (and, ...
... branches, and we could not follow them over long distances (⬍50 3B). These data suggest that the increase in the short depolarizing m). However, the delicate nature of these collaterals made them potentials is, indeed, a result of excitation of neurons that synapparticularly difficult to find (and, ...
Luczak, 2015 - University of Lethbridge
... schemes are used during different phases of the packet. Specifically, spike-time coding may be used primarily by early firing neurons, whereas firing‑rate coding may be used predominantly by late-firing neurons (FIG. 2b). In support of this idea, studies in multiple cortical regions suggest that, fo ...
... schemes are used during different phases of the packet. Specifically, spike-time coding may be used primarily by early firing neurons, whereas firing‑rate coding may be used predominantly by late-firing neurons (FIG. 2b). In support of this idea, studies in multiple cortical regions suggest that, fo ...
Properties of spike train spectra in two parietal reach areas
... for PRR when the individual spectra are divided by their mean rates before averaging. These observations indicate that the spatially tuned spectral peaks are a property of spiking activity in PRR. The spatially tuned spectral peaks observed in PRR can be interpreted as dynamic memory fields (Pesaran ...
... for PRR when the individual spectra are divided by their mean rates before averaging. These observations indicate that the spatially tuned spectral peaks are a property of spiking activity in PRR. The spatially tuned spectral peaks observed in PRR can be interpreted as dynamic memory fields (Pesaran ...
The Adenosine Story Goes Ionic: CaV2.1
... to adenosine’s promotion of sleep. However, testing an ion channel’s involvement in adenosinergic regulation of synaptic transmission in the intact brain is tricky, since, if modified, network excitability and hence release of neurotransmitter will be altered, notably that of adenosine itself. Moreo ...
... to adenosine’s promotion of sleep. However, testing an ion channel’s involvement in adenosinergic regulation of synaptic transmission in the intact brain is tricky, since, if modified, network excitability and hence release of neurotransmitter will be altered, notably that of adenosine itself. Moreo ...
The dynamic spatio-temporal behavior of visual responses in
... connected by afferent fibers and the hierarchical arrangement, which dominates the first levels, is given up at the level of the cortex, where it is replaced by a widely branching parallel connectivity. Apart from the retina, rich feedback connections exist between cortex and thalamus as well as lat ...
... connected by afferent fibers and the hierarchical arrangement, which dominates the first levels, is given up at the level of the cortex, where it is replaced by a widely branching parallel connectivity. Apart from the retina, rich feedback connections exist between cortex and thalamus as well as lat ...
NEURAL NETWORK DYNAMICS
... Understanding how neural circuitry generates complex patterns of activity is challenging, and it is even more difficult to build models of this type that remain sensitive to sensory input. In mathematical terms, we need to understand how a system can reconcile a rich internal state structure with a h ...
... Understanding how neural circuitry generates complex patterns of activity is challenging, and it is even more difficult to build models of this type that remain sensitive to sensory input. In mathematical terms, we need to understand how a system can reconcile a rich internal state structure with a h ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.