Letter to Neuroscience
... desynchronized to a theta pattern of hippocampal EEG activity which outlasted the period of stimulation. This was correlated with a change in AV cell discharge from an irregular to a highly rhythmical pattern of discharge, synchronized to theta (Fig. 2A). The change from a non rhythmical (control) t ...
... desynchronized to a theta pattern of hippocampal EEG activity which outlasted the period of stimulation. This was correlated with a change in AV cell discharge from an irregular to a highly rhythmical pattern of discharge, synchronized to theta (Fig. 2A). The change from a non rhythmical (control) t ...
Interval time coding by neurons in the presupplementary and
... two monkeys and found that the ratio of the s.d. over the mean was initiation of the key-release movement (Table 1). In a majority of these neurons (n ¼ 112, 90%), the magnitude of activity during the approximately constant, generally showing a scalar property. We examined the activity of 200 preSMA ...
... two monkeys and found that the ratio of the s.d. over the mean was initiation of the key-release movement (Table 1). In a majority of these neurons (n ¼ 112, 90%), the magnitude of activity during the approximately constant, generally showing a scalar property. We examined the activity of 200 preSMA ...
action potential
... combining excitatory and inhibitory signals http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s1/introduction.html ...
... combining excitatory and inhibitory signals http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s1/introduction.html ...
GAIT AND LOCOMOTION
... • processing of sensory stimuli • attaching emotional and situational significance to sensory input ...
... • processing of sensory stimuli • attaching emotional and situational significance to sensory input ...
A Computer Simulation of Olfactory Cortex with Functional
... the fiber systems are modifiable in an activity-dependent fashion (Fig. 2). The basic modification rule in each case is Hebb-like; i.e. change in synaptic strength is proportional to presynaptic activity multiplied by the offset of the postsynaptic membrane potential from a baseline potential. This ...
... the fiber systems are modifiable in an activity-dependent fashion (Fig. 2). The basic modification rule in each case is Hebb-like; i.e. change in synaptic strength is proportional to presynaptic activity multiplied by the offset of the postsynaptic membrane potential from a baseline potential. This ...
3 state neurons for contextual processing
... (via NMDA receptors) can bring the neuron into an enabled state. Informational (for instance, cue or positional) input (via AMPA receptors) can fire a neuron only from this enabled state. Where might such an architecture be used? In the CAl region of the hippocampus, pyramidal cells receive two dist ...
... (via NMDA receptors) can bring the neuron into an enabled state. Informational (for instance, cue or positional) input (via AMPA receptors) can fire a neuron only from this enabled state. Where might such an architecture be used? In the CAl region of the hippocampus, pyramidal cells receive two dist ...
Early Microglial Activation Precedes Neuronal Loss in Mouse Model of Progressive
... leads to EPM1 remain poorly understood. A mouse model for EPM1 has been generated by targeted disruption of the mouse Cstb gene (Cstbj/j mice) (10). These mice recapitulate the key clinical features of EPM1, including appearance of myoclonic seizures at 1 month of age and progressive ataxia (10). Th ...
... leads to EPM1 remain poorly understood. A mouse model for EPM1 has been generated by targeted disruption of the mouse Cstb gene (Cstbj/j mice) (10). These mice recapitulate the key clinical features of EPM1, including appearance of myoclonic seizures at 1 month of age and progressive ataxia (10). Th ...
Millisecond-Timescale Optical Control of Neural Dynamics in the
... t test], but not different from each other; p > 0.8). Suppressed single units fired at 7.4 ± 1.7 Hz, 3.1 ± 1.0 Hz, and 2.5 ± 1.2 Hz during these three periods, respectively (mean ± SE; n = 16 single units); baseline firing rate was 9.9 ± 2.0 Hz. We compared the latencies to changes in firing rate be ...
... t test], but not different from each other; p > 0.8). Suppressed single units fired at 7.4 ± 1.7 Hz, 3.1 ± 1.0 Hz, and 2.5 ± 1.2 Hz during these three periods, respectively (mean ± SE; n = 16 single units); baseline firing rate was 9.9 ± 2.0 Hz. We compared the latencies to changes in firing rate be ...
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... experiment, we demonstrated that pairing NB activation with tonal stimulation in a non-behaving rat can greatly expand the representation of a given tone frequency in A1 and cause largescale remodeling of the spectral selectivity of A1 receptive fields (frequency–intensity tuning curves)8 (see also ...
... experiment, we demonstrated that pairing NB activation with tonal stimulation in a non-behaving rat can greatly expand the representation of a given tone frequency in A1 and cause largescale remodeling of the spectral selectivity of A1 receptive fields (frequency–intensity tuning curves)8 (see also ...
Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging: Technique review and Models
... us to visualize the functioning brain at both high spatial and temporal resolutions. Specifically, there are two techniques mostly used in vivo (see Grinvald et al. (1999) for a detailed review); the first is based on intrinsic signals, and the second is based on voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs). In th ...
... us to visualize the functioning brain at both high spatial and temporal resolutions. Specifically, there are two techniques mostly used in vivo (see Grinvald et al. (1999) for a detailed review); the first is based on intrinsic signals, and the second is based on voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs). In th ...
Corticostriatal neurons in auditory cortex drive decisions during
... activation of local interneurons in response to synchronous activation of a large number of cortical cells. Third, these biases may be a consequence of stimulation of competing output pathways, projecting to target areas with different functional roles. Consistent with this third possibility, stimul ...
... activation of local interneurons in response to synchronous activation of a large number of cortical cells. Third, these biases may be a consequence of stimulation of competing output pathways, projecting to target areas with different functional roles. Consistent with this third possibility, stimul ...
fluctuations in somatosensory responsiveness and baseline firing
... sensory striatal neurons of SNr-intralaminar thalamic-striatal projections that may have been altered by intranigral APO injection. At the same time, an APO influence on SNr neurons could partially explain some motoric disturbances observed, i.e. via altered SNr transmission to motor thalamo-cortica ...
... sensory striatal neurons of SNr-intralaminar thalamic-striatal projections that may have been altered by intranigral APO injection. At the same time, an APO influence on SNr neurons could partially explain some motoric disturbances observed, i.e. via altered SNr transmission to motor thalamo-cortica ...
Chapter 15: Sense Organs
... Light Rays Enter the Eye More Divergent when Viewing Near Objects as Opposed to Parallel when Viewing Far Objects Means Light Rays Must be More Acutely Bent in Order to get them Focused on the Retina ...
... Light Rays Enter the Eye More Divergent when Viewing Near Objects as Opposed to Parallel when Viewing Far Objects Means Light Rays Must be More Acutely Bent in Order to get them Focused on the Retina ...
Presentation materials - Brain Dynamics Laboratory
... cells are sensitive to the frequency content of the input. Some bursts resonate with oscillations and elicit a response, others do not, depending on the interburst frequency. • Bursts can resonate with short-term synaptic plasticity making a synapse a band-pass filter. A synapse having short-term fa ...
... cells are sensitive to the frequency content of the input. Some bursts resonate with oscillations and elicit a response, others do not, depending on the interburst frequency. • Bursts can resonate with short-term synaptic plasticity making a synapse a band-pass filter. A synapse having short-term fa ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Coding of Object Location in
... Use Committee of The Weizmann Institute of Science. Adult male Albino Wistar rats (n = 101, 200–350 g) were used for this study; 19 rats for S2 recordings, 42 for S1 recordings and 40 for thalamic recordings. Other aspects of neuronal activity recorded in the thalamus and S1 were previously reported ...
... Use Committee of The Weizmann Institute of Science. Adult male Albino Wistar rats (n = 101, 200–350 g) were used for this study; 19 rats for S2 recordings, 42 for S1 recordings and 40 for thalamic recordings. Other aspects of neuronal activity recorded in the thalamus and S1 were previously reported ...
Chapter 15: Sense Organs I. SENSORY RECEPTORS (Receptors)
... Light Rays Enter the Eye More Divergent when Viewing Near Objects as Opposed to Parallel when Viewing Far Objects Means Light Rays Must be More Acutely Bent in Order to get them Focused on the Retina ...
... Light Rays Enter the Eye More Divergent when Viewing Near Objects as Opposed to Parallel when Viewing Far Objects Means Light Rays Must be More Acutely Bent in Order to get them Focused on the Retina ...
Synaptic function: Dendritic democracy
... recordings directly from the dendrites, offering the opportunity to investigate directly the mechanisms that underlie this synaptic scaling. These techniques have been used by Magee and Cook [6] in a recent study which examined the relationship between dendritic distance and synaptic efficacy in hip ...
... recordings directly from the dendrites, offering the opportunity to investigate directly the mechanisms that underlie this synaptic scaling. These techniques have been used by Magee and Cook [6] in a recent study which examined the relationship between dendritic distance and synaptic efficacy in hip ...
The Loss of Glutamate-GABA Harmony in Anxiety Disorders
... relatively good efficacy, a variety of adverse effects is also described. The most common are: ability to induce tolerance, sedation, myorelaxation, and dependence (Millan, 2003). Moreover, memory impartment and interaction with alcohol can occur. That is supposed to be connected with the activation ...
... relatively good efficacy, a variety of adverse effects is also described. The most common are: ability to induce tolerance, sedation, myorelaxation, and dependence (Millan, 2003). Moreover, memory impartment and interaction with alcohol can occur. That is supposed to be connected with the activation ...
Thalamus Notes
... mechanical distortion of deep tissues, or joint rotation, but not to more than one of these. These informations are then integrated in the cortex into perceptions of form, size and texture. The cortical cytoarchitectonic subdivisions of area 3,1,2 differ with regard to the kinds of receptor from whi ...
... mechanical distortion of deep tissues, or joint rotation, but not to more than one of these. These informations are then integrated in the cortex into perceptions of form, size and texture. The cortical cytoarchitectonic subdivisions of area 3,1,2 differ with regard to the kinds of receptor from whi ...
PDF
... ter-type layer were more weakly correlated, while neurons within different eye-specific layers had the weakest, but still significant, correlations. If each retina independently generates spontaneous bursts of activity, there should be essentially no correlation between the patterns of spontaneous a ...
... ter-type layer were more weakly correlated, while neurons within different eye-specific layers had the weakest, but still significant, correlations. If each retina independently generates spontaneous bursts of activity, there should be essentially no correlation between the patterns of spontaneous a ...
Mechanism of Irregular Firing of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons
... firing pattern of spontaneous action potentials could be divided into regular and irregular, based on the interspike interval (ISI) histogram and the membrane potential trajectory between action potentials. Similar to previous studies, regular neurons had a firing rate about ⬎3.5 Hz and irregular ne ...
... firing pattern of spontaneous action potentials could be divided into regular and irregular, based on the interspike interval (ISI) histogram and the membrane potential trajectory between action potentials. Similar to previous studies, regular neurons had a firing rate about ⬎3.5 Hz and irregular ne ...
Synaptic reverberation underlying mnemonic persistent activity
... excitatory connections in a recurrent network are sufficiently strong. It is only recently, beginning with the work by Amit and colleagues, that attractor network models have been implemented with realistic models of cortical neurons and synapses22–27. Figure 2 illustrates the biophysics of an attra ...
... excitatory connections in a recurrent network are sufficiently strong. It is only recently, beginning with the work by Amit and colleagues, that attractor network models have been implemented with realistic models of cortical neurons and synapses22–27. Figure 2 illustrates the biophysics of an attra ...
Reticular activating system of a central pattern generator
... (i.e., the period between stimulation and rhythmic motor activity). For example, L4/L5 spinal interneurons (Berkinblit et al. 1978a,b) and ventral spinocerebellar tract neurons modulate firing long before the onset of rhythmic activity (Arshavsky et al. 1978a). Arshavsky et al. (1978b) reported a sm ...
... (i.e., the period between stimulation and rhythmic motor activity). For example, L4/L5 spinal interneurons (Berkinblit et al. 1978a,b) and ventral spinocerebellar tract neurons modulate firing long before the onset of rhythmic activity (Arshavsky et al. 1978a). Arshavsky et al. (1978b) reported a sm ...
EEG - Wayne State University
... c. Subarachnoid: base of brain, due to rupture Berry aneurysm, arterial vasospasm, thunderclap HA ii. Causes 1. Hypertensive vascular disease (most common) Berry aneurysm (which can also be congenital!) 2. Amyloid angiopathy (think elderly w/ Alz) weakening of vessel walls that predisposes to he ...
... c. Subarachnoid: base of brain, due to rupture Berry aneurysm, arterial vasospasm, thunderclap HA ii. Causes 1. Hypertensive vascular disease (most common) Berry aneurysm (which can also be congenital!) 2. Amyloid angiopathy (think elderly w/ Alz) weakening of vessel walls that predisposes to he ...
VISCERAL SENSORY NEURONS THAT INNERVATE BOTH
... interstitial cystitis, chronic pelvic pain, and others) are more prevalent in women.1,2 Indeed in most clinical studies, women report more severe pain levels, more frequent pain, and longer duration of pain than do men. Nociception is a balance of pro- and antinociceptive inputs that is subject to r ...
... interstitial cystitis, chronic pelvic pain, and others) are more prevalent in women.1,2 Indeed in most clinical studies, women report more severe pain levels, more frequent pain, and longer duration of pain than do men. Nociception is a balance of pro- and antinociceptive inputs that is subject to r ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.