Neural ensemble coding and statistical periodicity: Speculations on
... located in the inferior temporal cortex. The stimulus set was based on 64 Walsh functions which can be used to represented any visual pattern. They observed that the neuron exhibited a unique response to each Walsh function, but that the response was not represented by a change in spike count alone. ...
... located in the inferior temporal cortex. The stimulus set was based on 64 Walsh functions which can be used to represented any visual pattern. They observed that the neuron exhibited a unique response to each Walsh function, but that the response was not represented by a change in spike count alone. ...
The Loss of Glutamate-GABA Harmony in Anxiety Disorders
... relatively good efficacy, a variety of adverse effects is also described. The most common are: ability to induce tolerance, sedation, myorelaxation, and dependence (Millan, 2003). Moreover, memory impartment and interaction with alcohol can occur. That is supposed to be connected with the activation ...
... relatively good efficacy, a variety of adverse effects is also described. The most common are: ability to induce tolerance, sedation, myorelaxation, and dependence (Millan, 2003). Moreover, memory impartment and interaction with alcohol can occur. That is supposed to be connected with the activation ...
Functional Recovery of the Injured Optic Chiasma after Omental
... previously (since May 1988) in eight patients with epilepsy and occlusive type cerebrovascular disease (20), and in a 10-year-old girl with epilepsia partialis continua (13). We believe that this excellent improvement in seizure status is due to revascularization of the epileptogenic foci in the tem ...
... previously (since May 1988) in eight patients with epilepsy and occlusive type cerebrovascular disease (20), and in a 10-year-old girl with epilepsia partialis continua (13). We believe that this excellent improvement in seizure status is due to revascularization of the epileptogenic foci in the tem ...
mechanisms and biological role of thalamocortical oscillations
... 2001). RS cells are further classified as slow- and fast-adapting according to the adaptation of spike frequency during long-lasting depolarizing current pulses. RS, slow-adapting neurons (Fig. 3 left) exhibit a monophasic AHP or a biphasic AHP with fast and medium components (fAHP, mAHP). Slow-adap ...
... 2001). RS cells are further classified as slow- and fast-adapting according to the adaptation of spike frequency during long-lasting depolarizing current pulses. RS, slow-adapting neurons (Fig. 3 left) exhibit a monophasic AHP or a biphasic AHP with fast and medium components (fAHP, mAHP). Slow-adap ...
chapter15
... – Across-fiber patterns showed that two substances (ammonium chloride and potassium chloride) are similar to each other but different from sodium chloride. ...
... – Across-fiber patterns showed that two substances (ammonium chloride and potassium chloride) are similar to each other but different from sodium chloride. ...
Ch15aa
... – Across-fiber patterns showed that two substances (ammonium chloride and potassium chloride) are similar to each other but different from sodium chloride. ...
... – Across-fiber patterns showed that two substances (ammonium chloride and potassium chloride) are similar to each other but different from sodium chloride. ...
Dynamics of Learning and Recall ... Recurrent Synapses and Cholinergic Modulation
... Hippocampal region CA3 contains extensive recurrent excitation, mediatedby synapsesof the longitudinal associationfibers that arise from region CA3 pyramidal cells and terminate on other pyramidal cells along the septotemporalaxis of the hippocampus(seeAmaral and Witter, 1989, for review). Extensive ...
... Hippocampal region CA3 contains extensive recurrent excitation, mediatedby synapsesof the longitudinal associationfibers that arise from region CA3 pyramidal cells and terminate on other pyramidal cells along the septotemporalaxis of the hippocampus(seeAmaral and Witter, 1989, for review). Extensive ...
Malformations of the Cerebral Cortex as a Cause of Mental
... When migration is complete, the cortex is a sixlayered structure, with each layer comprising different types of neurons that form discrete connections within the CNS and perform distinct functions. The abnormalities that primarily affect proliferation are usually associated with an alteration in bot ...
... When migration is complete, the cortex is a sixlayered structure, with each layer comprising different types of neurons that form discrete connections within the CNS and perform distinct functions. The abnormalities that primarily affect proliferation are usually associated with an alteration in bot ...
Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... fetal stage in humans. This review examines the evidence that this activity is not equivalent to resting-state modulations in adults, either in terms of generative mechanisms or function. This is important because understanding the development of resting state networks requires not just a demonstrat ...
... fetal stage in humans. This review examines the evidence that this activity is not equivalent to resting-state modulations in adults, either in terms of generative mechanisms or function. This is important because understanding the development of resting state networks requires not just a demonstrat ...
Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... firing in spiny neurons of the rat neostriatum in vivo. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2358–2364, 1998. Both silent and spontaneously firing spiny projection neurons have been described in the neostriatum, but the reason for their differences in firing activity are unknown. We compared properties of spontaneo ...
... firing in spiny neurons of the rat neostriatum in vivo. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2358–2364, 1998. Both silent and spontaneously firing spiny projection neurons have been described in the neostriatum, but the reason for their differences in firing activity are unknown. We compared properties of spontaneo ...
ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels in Dopaminergic Neurons
... defining metabolic sensitivity of KATP channels are still not clear. However, recombinant SUR1/Kir6.2-containing KATP channels also show a higher sensitivity to metabolic stress compared with SUR2A/Kir6.2-mediated channels (2). This demonstrates that the alternative expression of SUR subunits is a m ...
... defining metabolic sensitivity of KATP channels are still not clear. However, recombinant SUR1/Kir6.2-containing KATP channels also show a higher sensitivity to metabolic stress compared with SUR2A/Kir6.2-mediated channels (2). This demonstrates that the alternative expression of SUR subunits is a m ...
Probing scale interaction in brain dynamics through synchronization
... directly the collective behaviour of the network, without singling out individual cells. Moreover, single neurons operate at time scales faster than NM models. The former exhibit action potentials that last about 1 ms, while the coordinated activity of neuronal tissue, which emerges from the synchro ...
... directly the collective behaviour of the network, without singling out individual cells. Moreover, single neurons operate at time scales faster than NM models. The former exhibit action potentials that last about 1 ms, while the coordinated activity of neuronal tissue, which emerges from the synchro ...
Lab 6
... separate components can then be associated with different brain areas and functions. Current research focuses on discovering correlations between specific brain activity patterns to disease, emotional states, sleep phases, and mental health. In a clinical setting, EEG's are often used to diagnose ne ...
... separate components can then be associated with different brain areas and functions. Current research focuses on discovering correlations between specific brain activity patterns to disease, emotional states, sleep phases, and mental health. In a clinical setting, EEG's are often used to diagnose ne ...
Lissencephaly - Cambridge University Press
... lissencephaly. The other affected infants are said to have been "just the same". neuronal migration, with production of a four-layered cortex similar to that of a 50-100 mm. foetus (Hanaway et a l . , 1968). It has been suggested that factors intrinsic or extrinsic to the neurons could cause such a ...
... lissencephaly. The other affected infants are said to have been "just the same". neuronal migration, with production of a four-layered cortex similar to that of a 50-100 mm. foetus (Hanaway et a l . , 1968). It has been suggested that factors intrinsic or extrinsic to the neurons could cause such a ...
Role of Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Interactions in the Pathogenesis
... variety of such substances have been implicated in neonatal respiratory control and some, such as serotonin and adenosine, may have excitatory or inhibitory effects depending on the receptor subtypes activated (Fig 1). Although prostaglandins and endorphins have both been studied for their role as i ...
... variety of such substances have been implicated in neonatal respiratory control and some, such as serotonin and adenosine, may have excitatory or inhibitory effects depending on the receptor subtypes activated (Fig 1). Although prostaglandins and endorphins have both been studied for their role as i ...
Patient Machine Interface for the Control of Mechanical Ventilation
... two arguments supporting the idea that physiologically inspired signal processing techniques might help to overcome this limitation. The first argument is the long experience accumulated in clinical neuroscience in the recording and analysis of acoustic brainstem potentials [22]. Indeed, the brainst ...
... two arguments supporting the idea that physiologically inspired signal processing techniques might help to overcome this limitation. The first argument is the long experience accumulated in clinical neuroscience in the recording and analysis of acoustic brainstem potentials [22]. Indeed, the brainst ...
Towards Detection of Brain Tumor in Electroencephalogram
... participation of altered distribution and function of Nmethyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) subclasses of glutamate receptors has been recommended as well. On the whole, slow-growing benign tumors result in additional seizure problem than malignant tumors for the reason that rapidly growing malignant tumors at ...
... participation of altered distribution and function of Nmethyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) subclasses of glutamate receptors has been recommended as well. On the whole, slow-growing benign tumors result in additional seizure problem than malignant tumors for the reason that rapidly growing malignant tumors at ...
Spikes, Local Field Potentials, and How to Model Both
... Gamma (40-80 Hz) complex processing, mediated by inhibition Delta (1-4 Hz) slow wave sleep Mu (8-12 Hz) but in motor cortex Theta (4-8 Hz) Hippocampus ...
... Gamma (40-80 Hz) complex processing, mediated by inhibition Delta (1-4 Hz) slow wave sleep Mu (8-12 Hz) but in motor cortex Theta (4-8 Hz) Hippocampus ...
Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; and 2 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 Wickens, J. R. and C. J. Wilson. Regulation of action-potential firing in spiny neurons ...
... Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; and 2 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 Wickens, J. R. and C. J. Wilson. Regulation of action-potential firing in spiny neurons ...
Rhythmic Spontaneous Activity in the Piriform Cortex
... the piriform to the neocortex (Rigas and Castro-Alamancos 2004). In addition to the endopiriform nucleus, the deepest part of layer III adjacent to it is also the origin of epileptiform activity (Hoffman and Haberly 1991; Demir et al. 2001). As a consequence of its high seizure susceptibility, the f ...
... the piriform to the neocortex (Rigas and Castro-Alamancos 2004). In addition to the endopiriform nucleus, the deepest part of layer III adjacent to it is also the origin of epileptiform activity (Hoffman and Haberly 1991; Demir et al. 2001). As a consequence of its high seizure susceptibility, the f ...
Cortical remodelling induced by activity of ventral tegmental
... respectively, excluding VP/9-kHz-AI pairs, Kolmogorov±Smirnov test; P , 0.05). The time lag distribution of the VP/9-kHz-AI pairs was comparable to that for AI pairs (82% near-zero time lag, Kolmogorov±Smirnov test; P . 0.1). These results indicate that VTA dopamine neuron activity paired with senso ...
... respectively, excluding VP/9-kHz-AI pairs, Kolmogorov±Smirnov test; P , 0.05). The time lag distribution of the VP/9-kHz-AI pairs was comparable to that for AI pairs (82% near-zero time lag, Kolmogorov±Smirnov test; P . 0.1). These results indicate that VTA dopamine neuron activity paired with senso ...
Dopamine – CNS Pathways and Neurophysiology
... the neuron. One factor associated with spike generation in DA neurons is a large-amplitude (10–15 mV), pacemaker-like slow depolarizing potential that brings the membrane potential from rest (c. –55 mV) to the comparatively high action potential threshold (c. –40 mV). This slow depolarization is med ...
... the neuron. One factor associated with spike generation in DA neurons is a large-amplitude (10–15 mV), pacemaker-like slow depolarizing potential that brings the membrane potential from rest (c. –55 mV) to the comparatively high action potential threshold (c. –40 mV). This slow depolarization is med ...
Field effects in the CNS play functional roles
... Electrical field effects are generated when extracellular currents associated with electrical activity of the dendrites, soma or axon of one or more neurons are sufficiently large that they are channeled across the membranes of adjacent inactive neurons. These effects are greatest when the extracell ...
... Electrical field effects are generated when extracellular currents associated with electrical activity of the dendrites, soma or axon of one or more neurons are sufficiently large that they are channeled across the membranes of adjacent inactive neurons. These effects are greatest when the extracell ...
Neurotransmitter and Neuromodulator Activity in
... input resistance, but in 10% of the neurons, NMDA caused an increase in input resistance. The reversal potential for NMDA was —8.2 ± 1 . 5 mV. This value was almost the same as the AMPA reversal potential indicating that similar ionic mechanisms were involved. ...
... input resistance, but in 10% of the neurons, NMDA caused an increase in input resistance. The reversal potential for NMDA was —8.2 ± 1 . 5 mV. This value was almost the same as the AMPA reversal potential indicating that similar ionic mechanisms were involved. ...
Brain Oscillations Control Timing of Single
... 5Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel-Aviv Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel ...
... 5Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel-Aviv Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.