May 21, 04.doc
... Furthermore, electrolytic lesion of thalamus in the newborn decreases α1 in layers III-IV, but increases α2, α3, and α5 in the same SI layers (Paysan, 1997). When whiskers are trimmed during a critical period of early postnatal development, stimulation of the regrown whiskers causes a degraded tunin ...
... Furthermore, electrolytic lesion of thalamus in the newborn decreases α1 in layers III-IV, but increases α2, α3, and α5 in the same SI layers (Paysan, 1997). When whiskers are trimmed during a critical period of early postnatal development, stimulation of the regrown whiskers causes a degraded tunin ...
Neural networks underlying parietal lobe seizures: A
... according to Talairach’s stereotactic method (Bancaud et al., 1970; Talairach et al., 1992), as illustrated in Fig. 1b. The anatomical targeting of electrodes was established in each patient according to available non-invasive information and hypotheses about the localization of the epileptogenic zo ...
... according to Talairach’s stereotactic method (Bancaud et al., 1970; Talairach et al., 1992), as illustrated in Fig. 1b. The anatomical targeting of electrodes was established in each patient according to available non-invasive information and hypotheses about the localization of the epileptogenic zo ...
Thalamocortical inputs trigger a propagating envelope of gamma
... data indicate that the slices used here likely included primary auditory cortex. However, the slices certainly included nonprimary auditory cortex as well. These areas abut primary cortex on ventral and caudal sides (and may completely surround primary cortex; Scheel 1988), and receive projections f ...
... data indicate that the slices used here likely included primary auditory cortex. However, the slices certainly included nonprimary auditory cortex as well. These areas abut primary cortex on ventral and caudal sides (and may completely surround primary cortex; Scheel 1988), and receive projections f ...
A Model for Delay Activity Without Recurrent Excitation
... potentiation of its inhibitory inputs. This possibility is crucial for the model described here. A large number of parameters is necessary to describe local pools E, I, which are firing at stable and low firing rates, but this part of the model is the same as in [1] and [2]. The crucial departure from ...
... potentiation of its inhibitory inputs. This possibility is crucial for the model described here. A large number of parameters is necessary to describe local pools E, I, which are firing at stable and low firing rates, but this part of the model is the same as in [1] and [2]. The crucial departure from ...
May 11, 04copy.doc
... Furthermore, electrolytic lesion of thalamus in the newborn decreases α1 in layers III-IV, but increases α2, α3, and α5 in the same SI layers (Paysan, 1997). When whiskers are trimmed during a critical period of early postnatal development, stimulation of the regrown whiskers causes a degraded tunin ...
... Furthermore, electrolytic lesion of thalamus in the newborn decreases α1 in layers III-IV, but increases α2, α3, and α5 in the same SI layers (Paysan, 1997). When whiskers are trimmed during a critical period of early postnatal development, stimulation of the regrown whiskers causes a degraded tunin ...
Local Field Potential in the Visual System
... In addition to these oscillations that result from the visual display procedures, the visual LFP also exhibits various oscillations in different frequency bands that are generated intrinsically by the brain and can be linked more or less closely to perceptual or cognitive phenomena. Oscillations in ...
... In addition to these oscillations that result from the visual display procedures, the visual LFP also exhibits various oscillations in different frequency bands that are generated intrinsically by the brain and can be linked more or less closely to perceptual or cognitive phenomena. Oscillations in ...
How and Why Brains Create Meaning from Sensory Information
... brains in animals, that accompany and support the animals' performance of the cognitive tasks involved in learning to respond appropriately to simple stimuli that signify events and circumstances that are vital to their welfare. I find that sensory cortices receive the information that the sensory r ...
... brains in animals, that accompany and support the animals' performance of the cognitive tasks involved in learning to respond appropriately to simple stimuli that signify events and circumstances that are vital to their welfare. I find that sensory cortices receive the information that the sensory r ...
Dual single unit recording in Globus Pallidus (GP) and Subthalamic
... relationship between the two nuclei. A. An in-phase relationship is represented by firing rates that change in the same direction (increase or decrease) in both GP and STN. B An out-ofphase relationship is represented by firing rates that change in the opposite direction in GP and STN. ...
... relationship between the two nuclei. A. An in-phase relationship is represented by firing rates that change in the same direction (increase or decrease) in both GP and STN. B An out-ofphase relationship is represented by firing rates that change in the opposite direction in GP and STN. ...
Neuronal activity (c-Fos) delineating interactions of the cerebral
... To determine whether cortical activity is necessary for BG activity, we injected atropine, which induces a unique dissociative behavioral state with slow-wave EEG but heightened locomotion (Irmis, 1971; Davis et al., 2011). This “sleepwalking-like” state provides a unique opportunity to investigate ...
... To determine whether cortical activity is necessary for BG activity, we injected atropine, which induces a unique dissociative behavioral state with slow-wave EEG but heightened locomotion (Irmis, 1971; Davis et al., 2011). This “sleepwalking-like” state provides a unique opportunity to investigate ...
Unilateral Ibotenic Acid Lesions of the Prefrontal Cortex Reduce
... which influence the activity of the STN-GP network directly via excitatory projections. However, anatomical and electrophysiological findings have shown that the STN also receives direct excitatory afferents from the medial division of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) [9, 10]. Stimulation of the PFC has bee ...
... which influence the activity of the STN-GP network directly via excitatory projections. However, anatomical and electrophysiological findings have shown that the STN also receives direct excitatory afferents from the medial division of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) [9, 10]. Stimulation of the PFC has bee ...
D5 (Not D1) Dopamine Receptors Potentiate Burst
... (control: 5.3 ⫾ 1.2; D1 agonist: 5.7 ⫾ 1.8 Hz; n ⫽ 8). Afterhyperpolarization was often more pronounced, but there was no other effect on cell properties, including input resistance, spike threshold, amplitude, or width (n ⫽ 15; data not shown). Although burst-firing is displayed spontaneously by on ...
... (control: 5.3 ⫾ 1.2; D1 agonist: 5.7 ⫾ 1.8 Hz; n ⫽ 8). Afterhyperpolarization was often more pronounced, but there was no other effect on cell properties, including input resistance, spike threshold, amplitude, or width (n ⫽ 15; data not shown). Although burst-firing is displayed spontaneously by on ...
Basal ganglia discharge abnormalities in Parkinson`s disease
... Traditional models of the pathophysiology of parkinsonism are strongly influenced by this anatomic arrangement (reviewed in Wichmann and DeLong, 2003; Albin et al., 1989), which suggests that the overall amount of movement is in some way inversely related to the magnitude of basal ganglia output. Acc ...
... Traditional models of the pathophysiology of parkinsonism are strongly influenced by this anatomic arrangement (reviewed in Wichmann and DeLong, 2003; Albin et al., 1989), which suggests that the overall amount of movement is in some way inversely related to the magnitude of basal ganglia output. Acc ...
Resting membrane potential is
... 1. Membrane potential changes due to change in stored charge on membrane capacitor 2. Membrane conductance changes due to flow of ions through gated channels during graded and ...
... 1. Membrane potential changes due to change in stored charge on membrane capacitor 2. Membrane conductance changes due to flow of ions through gated channels during graded and ...
NMDA and AMPA Receptors: Development and Status Epilepticus
... caudate nucleus, and thalamus and CA3 layer in hippocampus, while NR1-a (which contains the N1 exon 5 cassette) is expressed abundantly throughout the brain and is found in all principal cells in hippocampus. Expression of NR1-1 variant is restricted to rostral parts (caudate, hippocampus, cortex) a ...
... caudate nucleus, and thalamus and CA3 layer in hippocampus, while NR1-a (which contains the N1 exon 5 cassette) is expressed abundantly throughout the brain and is found in all principal cells in hippocampus. Expression of NR1-1 variant is restricted to rostral parts (caudate, hippocampus, cortex) a ...
Barnes TD, Kubota Y, Hu D, Jin DZ, Graybiel AM. Activity of striatal
... observe, significant changes in the variability of firing rates within peri-event or phasic-response windows across learning. However, we found major changes in the entropy (Fig. 2e) and in the variance (Supplementary Fig. 6) of spiking activity across the entire maze runs. Changes in spike distribu ...
... observe, significant changes in the variability of firing rates within peri-event or phasic-response windows across learning. However, we found major changes in the entropy (Fig. 2e) and in the variance (Supplementary Fig. 6) of spiking activity across the entire maze runs. Changes in spike distribu ...
Stable propagation of synchronous spiking in cortical neural networks
... the ®ring behaviour of cortical neurons13,14. We focused on spike responses to transient membrane-potential excursions, implied by the physiological ®ndings1±5. As a rule, such transients are explained by convergent inputs from simultaneously spiking neurons onto a target neuron (Fig. 1a). These tra ...
... the ®ring behaviour of cortical neurons13,14. We focused on spike responses to transient membrane-potential excursions, implied by the physiological ®ndings1±5. As a rule, such transients are explained by convergent inputs from simultaneously spiking neurons onto a target neuron (Fig. 1a). These tra ...
Validation of In Vivo Mouse Brain Fiber Tracking
... probabilistic FT in wild type mice are exemplified in the Figure 1 (A, C, D). The fibers from the VPM are crossing the internal capsule (red arrow, Fig. 1A), they run tangentially at the interface of the cortex with the subcortical white matter and ascend to rich the target fields more superficially ...
... probabilistic FT in wild type mice are exemplified in the Figure 1 (A, C, D). The fibers from the VPM are crossing the internal capsule (red arrow, Fig. 1A), they run tangentially at the interface of the cortex with the subcortical white matter and ascend to rich the target fields more superficially ...
Aberrant changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in brain of a
... investigate the distribution and expression of SST and NPY in TRM brains, including hippocampus, temporal lobe cortex and cerebellum. Our RT‑PCR data showed that up‑regulated mRNA expression of SST and NPY was discovered in TRM hippocampus and temporal lobe cortex compared with control (Wistar) rats ...
... investigate the distribution and expression of SST and NPY in TRM brains, including hippocampus, temporal lobe cortex and cerebellum. Our RT‑PCR data showed that up‑regulated mRNA expression of SST and NPY was discovered in TRM hippocampus and temporal lobe cortex compared with control (Wistar) rats ...
The role of synaptic ion channels in synaptic
... whereas nAChR agonists including nicotine improve certain types of memory, such as short-term and working memory, in humans (Ji et al, 2001; Levin et al, 2002; Seeger et al, 2004). The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of nAChR on learning and memory are not fully understood. nAChR current ...
... whereas nAChR agonists including nicotine improve certain types of memory, such as short-term and working memory, in humans (Ji et al, 2001; Levin et al, 2002; Seeger et al, 2004). The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of nAChR on learning and memory are not fully understood. nAChR current ...
Malformations of Cortical Development (MCD): Genetic Aspects
... Genetic basis and diagnosis Lissencephaly, subcortical band heterotopia, and lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia are always genetic. Studies to date have identified 12 lissencephaly genes (Table 1), which account for roughly 90% of patients. However, two major genes have been associated with cla ...
... Genetic basis and diagnosis Lissencephaly, subcortical band heterotopia, and lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia are always genetic. Studies to date have identified 12 lissencephaly genes (Table 1), which account for roughly 90% of patients. However, two major genes have been associated with cla ...
Transcripts/2_9 2
... would see something like this – the cortex forms horizontal layers, you will have denser accumulations of cells and the cells may differ in size of cell bodies. 2. This histological appearance is called cytoarchitecture because it’s looking at cell body location 3. Brodmann used this to come up with ...
... would see something like this – the cortex forms horizontal layers, you will have denser accumulations of cells and the cells may differ in size of cell bodies. 2. This histological appearance is called cytoarchitecture because it’s looking at cell body location 3. Brodmann used this to come up with ...
Basal Ganglia Subcircuits Distinctively Encode the
... simultaneously recorded the neuronal responses, to interrogate the molecular identity of cells previously recorded during the behavioral performance. The stimulation train was either 25 pulses of 10 ms duration delivered at 5 Hz or 14 Hz, or 25 pulses of 1000 ms duration delivered at 0.5 Hz. Multipl ...
... simultaneously recorded the neuronal responses, to interrogate the molecular identity of cells previously recorded during the behavioral performance. The stimulation train was either 25 pulses of 10 ms duration delivered at 5 Hz or 14 Hz, or 25 pulses of 1000 ms duration delivered at 0.5 Hz. Multipl ...
Electroencephalography - Department of Computational and
... • to differentiate "organic" encephalopathy or delirium from primary psychiatric syndromes such as catatonia • to serve as an adjunct test of brain death • to prognosticate, in certain instances, in patients with coma • to determine whether to wean anti-epileptic medications At times, a routine EEG ...
... • to differentiate "organic" encephalopathy or delirium from primary psychiatric syndromes such as catatonia • to serve as an adjunct test of brain death • to prognosticate, in certain instances, in patients with coma • to determine whether to wean anti-epileptic medications At times, a routine EEG ...
Reconstructing the Engram: Neurotechnique Simultaneous, Multisite
... density, such as the cortex, thalamus, and trigeminal brain stem complex, one does not need to employ more complex electrode configurations, such as tetrodes (Wilson and McNaugton, 1994; Gray et al., 1995), for successfully carrying out neuronal ensemble recordings. The difficulty in manufacturing t ...
... density, such as the cortex, thalamus, and trigeminal brain stem complex, one does not need to employ more complex electrode configurations, such as tetrodes (Wilson and McNaugton, 1994; Gray et al., 1995), for successfully carrying out neuronal ensemble recordings. The difficulty in manufacturing t ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.