On the Role of Biophysical Properties of Cortical Neurons in Binding
... These constants (e.g., the membrane conductance) are not xed, but can be inuenced by a multitude of factors. First, the potassium leakage current is a major constituent of the membrane conductivity and can be affected by neuromodulatory substances such as acetylcholine (ACh) acting via the muscari ...
... These constants (e.g., the membrane conductance) are not xed, but can be inuenced by a multitude of factors. First, the potassium leakage current is a major constituent of the membrane conductivity and can be affected by neuromodulatory substances such as acetylcholine (ACh) acting via the muscari ...
Lecture 2 Membrane Transport Membrane Transport Unassisted
... Large (~100 mV) changes in the membrane potential • A.k.a spikes • Can be initiated by graded potentials • Unlike graded potentials action potentials propagate • Transmit information ...
... Large (~100 mV) changes in the membrane potential • A.k.a spikes • Can be initiated by graded potentials • Unlike graded potentials action potentials propagate • Transmit information ...
house symposium 2015 - Instituto do Cérebro
... Animals respond differently to stress. While some individuals are able to overcome the stressor (resilience), others may develop depression or post- traumatic stress disorder. Several lines of evidence suggest a link between behavioral phenotype and long-term plasticity in the classic brain reward c ...
... Animals respond differently to stress. While some individuals are able to overcome the stressor (resilience), others may develop depression or post- traumatic stress disorder. Several lines of evidence suggest a link between behavioral phenotype and long-term plasticity in the classic brain reward c ...
... operations are essential2. Here we show that individual neurons from layer V of the entorhinal cortex—which link the hippocampus to extensive cortical regions3—respond to consecutive stimuli with graded changes in firing frequency that remain stable after each stimulus presentation. In addition, the ...
a14b NeuroPhysII
... Time from the opening of the Na+ channels until the resetting of the channels Ensures that each AP is an all-or-none event Enforces one-way transmission of nerve impulses RRP •Most Na+ channels have returned to their resting state •Some K+ channels are still open •Repolarization is occurring Thr ...
... Time from the opening of the Na+ channels until the resetting of the channels Ensures that each AP is an all-or-none event Enforces one-way transmission of nerve impulses RRP •Most Na+ channels have returned to their resting state •Some K+ channels are still open •Repolarization is occurring Thr ...
An Investigation into the Role of Cortical Synaptic Depression in
... sometimes detected even in response to maskers that do not actually activate the target cell (Brosch and Schreiner, 1997). If masking is a result of transmitter depletion of thalamocortical synapses, then it would be quite possible for such synapses to become depleted by thalamic activity even thoug ...
... sometimes detected even in response to maskers that do not actually activate the target cell (Brosch and Schreiner, 1997). If masking is a result of transmitter depletion of thalamocortical synapses, then it would be quite possible for such synapses to become depleted by thalamic activity even thoug ...
Increased leak conductance alters ISI variability.
... Reduction of Spike Afterdepolarization by Increased Leak Conductance Alters Interspike Interval Variability Fernando R. Fernandez and John A.White The Journal of Neuroscience, January 28, 2009 • 29(4):973–986 • 973 ...
... Reduction of Spike Afterdepolarization by Increased Leak Conductance Alters Interspike Interval Variability Fernando R. Fernandez and John A.White The Journal of Neuroscience, January 28, 2009 • 29(4):973–986 • 973 ...
Locally evoked potentials in slices of the rat nucleus - UvA-DARE
... Both the PS and the PSP exhibited a marked degree of paired-pulse facilitation. The qnisqualate/kalnate receptor antagonist 6cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; 2 gM) and the broadly acting glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (300/~M) reversibly abolished or reduced both the PS and PS ...
... Both the PS and the PSP exhibited a marked degree of paired-pulse facilitation. The qnisqualate/kalnate receptor antagonist 6cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; 2 gM) and the broadly acting glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (300/~M) reversibly abolished or reduced both the PS and PS ...
A PRIMER ON EEG AND RELATED MEASURES OF BRAIN ACTIVITY
... EEG. For a better view the method of signal averaging was applied. This method is based on the idea that the background EEG has no fixed temporal relationship with the point in time at which the stimulus was presented. Signal averaging involves the repeated presentation of stimuli. The EEGs recorded ...
... EEG. For a better view the method of signal averaging was applied. This method is based on the idea that the background EEG has no fixed temporal relationship with the point in time at which the stimulus was presented. Signal averaging involves the repeated presentation of stimuli. The EEGs recorded ...
Olfactory tubercle neurons exhibit slowphasic firing patterns during
... into the OT. A total of 224 wires were aimed toward the ventral striatum. Microwires were localized to both the NAcc and the OT (Supporting Information 1.2). Data from microwires localized to the NAcc were previously published (Fabbricatore et al., 2010). Thirty-three microwires exhibiting a single- ...
... into the OT. A total of 224 wires were aimed toward the ventral striatum. Microwires were localized to both the NAcc and the OT (Supporting Information 1.2). Data from microwires localized to the NAcc were previously published (Fabbricatore et al., 2010). Thirty-three microwires exhibiting a single- ...
Layer IV of the primary somatosensory cortex has the highest
... used to quantitatively characterize EEG signals: the greater the dimensionality, the more complex the signals. Therefore, the correlation dimension may reflect the complexity of EEG dynamics and, probably the complexity of neurophysiological processes generating the EEG signals. The better understan ...
... used to quantitatively characterize EEG signals: the greater the dimensionality, the more complex the signals. Therefore, the correlation dimension may reflect the complexity of EEG dynamics and, probably the complexity of neurophysiological processes generating the EEG signals. The better understan ...
battisti_nnconvulsions_en - ORBi
... Includes focal clonic, focal tonic and myoclonic Responds to antiepileptic drugs Clinical seizure with inconsistent EEG event Clinical seizures with no EEG abnormality Seen in all generalized tonic and subtle seizures Seen in patients who are comatose, HIE ...
... Includes focal clonic, focal tonic and myoclonic Responds to antiepileptic drugs Clinical seizure with inconsistent EEG event Clinical seizures with no EEG abnormality Seen in all generalized tonic and subtle seizures Seen in patients who are comatose, HIE ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
... largest cell bodies in the cerebrum (>100 mm) and generate large electrical fields, making them an ideal source for extracellular recording. Multisite silicon probes can record distinguishable spikes from layer V neurons in rat sensorimotor cortex located more than 300 mm away in the axial direction ...
... largest cell bodies in the cerebrum (>100 mm) and generate large electrical fields, making them an ideal source for extracellular recording. Multisite silicon probes can record distinguishable spikes from layer V neurons in rat sensorimotor cortex located more than 300 mm away in the axial direction ...
Amino acid composition of brain cysts: levels of excitatory
... the excitatory amino acids aspartate and/or glutamate exceeding the normal values for these amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid (Blau et al., 2003; Gjessing et al., 1972; Heiblim et al., 1978 and references cited therein) by at least 10-fold for aspartate and at least 7-fold for glutamate. These incl ...
... the excitatory amino acids aspartate and/or glutamate exceeding the normal values for these amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid (Blau et al., 2003; Gjessing et al., 1972; Heiblim et al., 1978 and references cited therein) by at least 10-fold for aspartate and at least 7-fold for glutamate. These incl ...
case study: squirrel - Bush Veterinary Neurology Service
... disease because there was a tendency to turn head to right, poor postural ability on right side, circling left, and a poor menace and poor palpebral response on the left. Infection, inflammation, or a neoplastic process were considered most likely. Chemistry, CBC, and later, MRI, spinal tap, and inf ...
... disease because there was a tendency to turn head to right, poor postural ability on right side, circling left, and a poor menace and poor palpebral response on the left. Infection, inflammation, or a neoplastic process were considered most likely. Chemistry, CBC, and later, MRI, spinal tap, and inf ...
Neural Conduction - U
... like a “key”) in the postsynaptic membrane and induce brief EPSPs or IPSPs; or ...
... like a “key”) in the postsynaptic membrane and induce brief EPSPs or IPSPs; or ...
Review Historical aspects of the anatomy of the reticular formation
... Figure 1. Frédéric Bremer (1892–1982). With permission from History of Medicine (NLM). U.S. National Library of Medicine, History of Medicine Division. ...
... Figure 1. Frédéric Bremer (1892–1982). With permission from History of Medicine (NLM). U.S. National Library of Medicine, History of Medicine Division. ...
Gamma Band Oscillation
... Experimenters then substituted the stimuli with a single bar, which activated both neuronal sites. In these trials, there was robust synchrony! Therefore the oscillatory synchrony was produced not by the simultaneous excitations of both recording sites, but induced by the coherence of the stimulus ...
... Experimenters then substituted the stimuli with a single bar, which activated both neuronal sites. In these trials, there was robust synchrony! Therefore the oscillatory synchrony was produced not by the simultaneous excitations of both recording sites, but induced by the coherence of the stimulus ...
Corticofugal modulation of functional connectivity within the auditory
... responsiveness to pure tones. This processing (called ‘functional selectivity-adaptive filtering’ theory) would allow to selectively extract information from the incoming signals according to the cortical activity (Villa, 1988; Villa et al., 1991; Tetko and Villa, 1997a). These studies indicate an i ...
... responsiveness to pure tones. This processing (called ‘functional selectivity-adaptive filtering’ theory) would allow to selectively extract information from the incoming signals according to the cortical activity (Villa, 1988; Villa et al., 1991; Tetko and Villa, 1997a). These studies indicate an i ...
Drivers and modulators from push-pull and balanced synaptic input
... absence of ‘‘noise’’, which means non-variable synaptic input. This result should be extended to the case where this variable input causes fluctuations in the membrane potential. The magnitude of these fluctuations is characterized by their standard deviation denoted by " V. It is well-known that su ...
... absence of ‘‘noise’’, which means non-variable synaptic input. This result should be extended to the case where this variable input causes fluctuations in the membrane potential. The magnitude of these fluctuations is characterized by their standard deviation denoted by " V. It is well-known that su ...
General anaesthesia: from molecular targets to neuronal
... specific mutations in the receptors could remove, or at least greatly reduce, their anaesthetic sensitivity16,17. An enormous body of literature now exists on the effects that specific point mutations have on the responses of GABAA receptors to general anaesthetic modulation. These studies are of pa ...
... specific mutations in the receptors could remove, or at least greatly reduce, their anaesthetic sensitivity16,17. An enormous body of literature now exists on the effects that specific point mutations have on the responses of GABAA receptors to general anaesthetic modulation. These studies are of pa ...
SHORT COMMUNICATION Localization of a vocal pattern generator
... olivary complex showing vocalization-correlated activity. These neurons showed an increase in neuronal activity exclusively just before and during vocalization; none of them was active during mastication, swallowing or quiet respiration. Furthermore, the neuronal activity of these neurons reflected ...
... olivary complex showing vocalization-correlated activity. These neurons showed an increase in neuronal activity exclusively just before and during vocalization; none of them was active during mastication, swallowing or quiet respiration. Furthermore, the neuronal activity of these neurons reflected ...
The role of temporal parameters in a thalamocortical model of analogy
... for the analogy hypothesis, which puts an emphasis on the crossmodal function of the thalamus and the TRN. Another important aspect of the thalamic function, besides the functional connectivity, is the diversestructural and physiological characteristics that can give rise to a complex temporal dimen ...
... for the analogy hypothesis, which puts an emphasis on the crossmodal function of the thalamus and the TRN. Another important aspect of the thalamic function, besides the functional connectivity, is the diversestructural and physiological characteristics that can give rise to a complex temporal dimen ...
Simple model of spiking neurons
... Hoppensteadt and Izhikevich [1] and Wang [2] have proposed network models where the neural activity is described by differential equations. Both architectures can be used for pattern recognition via associative memory, which occurs when a group of neurons fires synchronously. These models were inspi ...
... Hoppensteadt and Izhikevich [1] and Wang [2] have proposed network models where the neural activity is described by differential equations. Both architectures can be used for pattern recognition via associative memory, which occurs when a group of neurons fires synchronously. These models were inspi ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.