The Fine Structure of Slow-Wave Sleep Oscillations: from Single
... progressively dominate the EEG. During paradoxical sleep, also called rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep, EEG activities are desynchronized and resemble those of wakefulness. Finally, some pathological states also display clear-cut oscillations, such as the “spike-and-wave” patterns (∼3 Hz) characterist ...
... progressively dominate the EEG. During paradoxical sleep, also called rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep, EEG activities are desynchronized and resemble those of wakefulness. Finally, some pathological states also display clear-cut oscillations, such as the “spike-and-wave” patterns (∼3 Hz) characterist ...
PDF
... Abnormalities induced by tissue trauma in brain slices are exacerbated by several additional factors. The lack of blood flow in slices dramatically changes the way energy substrates and oxygen are delivered to cells. Energy substrates and O2 are instead supplied exogenously by artificial extracellular ...
... Abnormalities induced by tissue trauma in brain slices are exacerbated by several additional factors. The lack of blood flow in slices dramatically changes the way energy substrates and oxygen are delivered to cells. Energy substrates and O2 are instead supplied exogenously by artificial extracellular ...
Correlated neuronal activity and the flow of neural information
... fluctuations in signal intensity in each pixel that have a physiologic origin. Regions of the sensorimotor cortex that were activated secondary to hand movement were identified using functional MRI methodology (FMRI). ...
... fluctuations in signal intensity in each pixel that have a physiologic origin. Regions of the sensorimotor cortex that were activated secondary to hand movement were identified using functional MRI methodology (FMRI). ...
molecular targets for drug action
... Intracellular - Receptors linked to gene transcription (nuclear receptors) ...
... Intracellular - Receptors linked to gene transcription (nuclear receptors) ...
Information Processing in the Central Nervous System
... The neuron is the primary information-processing unit of the central nervous system. Modern stereological evidence has estimated that the brain of an average-size adult male human contains some 86 billion neurons, give or take 8 billion. Of these 86 billion neurons, about 16 billion are contained wi ...
... The neuron is the primary information-processing unit of the central nervous system. Modern stereological evidence has estimated that the brain of an average-size adult male human contains some 86 billion neurons, give or take 8 billion. Of these 86 billion neurons, about 16 billion are contained wi ...
Wolfram Technology Conference 2016, Urbana
... Both mathematical models for the dynamics of interacting neurons were solved showing signs of synchronization (qualitative picture). The order parameter which quantifies the strength of the synchronization was not calculated this time. Sensitivity to the strength and connectivity of the network appe ...
... Both mathematical models for the dynamics of interacting neurons were solved showing signs of synchronization (qualitative picture). The order parameter which quantifies the strength of the synchronization was not calculated this time. Sensitivity to the strength and connectivity of the network appe ...
Physiology of functional and effective networks in epilepsy
... between functional connectivity and seizures in an epileptic brain. For more details and references, please see the review article by Kramer and Cash (2012). In general, identification of the network characteristics that support epileptic seizures remains an active research area, yet some prevailing ...
... between functional connectivity and seizures in an epileptic brain. For more details and references, please see the review article by Kramer and Cash (2012). In general, identification of the network characteristics that support epileptic seizures remains an active research area, yet some prevailing ...
Chapter 8
... A and B are stimulated enough to cause a suprathreshold graded depolarization, so an action potential results. Neuron C causes a graded hyperpolarization; A and C effects add, cancel each other out. ...
... A and B are stimulated enough to cause a suprathreshold graded depolarization, so an action potential results. Neuron C causes a graded hyperpolarization; A and C effects add, cancel each other out. ...
48 0007-4888/05/14010048 © 2005 Springer Science+Business
... Kindling significantly decreased the number of GAD-positive cells in the hippocampal fields in comparison with the control: after 2 weeks their count in CA1 field decreased by 56% and after 1 month by 41%, in CA3 field it decreased by 42% after 2 weeks and by 61% after 1 month (Fig. 1). The differen ...
... Kindling significantly decreased the number of GAD-positive cells in the hippocampal fields in comparison with the control: after 2 weeks their count in CA1 field decreased by 56% and after 1 month by 41%, in CA3 field it decreased by 42% after 2 weeks and by 61% after 1 month (Fig. 1). The differen ...
Texture discrimination and unit recordings in the rat
... electrical connector and screw-mounts for attaching removable blindfolds (see Ref. [2]). Two to six weeks later, a second surgery was performed in order to create a small craniectomy for access to the whisker representation in the barrel cortex and to attach a miniature microdrive to the dental acry ...
... electrical connector and screw-mounts for attaching removable blindfolds (see Ref. [2]). Two to six weeks later, a second surgery was performed in order to create a small craniectomy for access to the whisker representation in the barrel cortex and to attach a miniature microdrive to the dental acry ...
Chapter 48: Neurons, Synapses, Signaling - Biology E
... 13. What is the wave of depolarization called? Action potentials arise because some of the ion channels in neurons are voltage-gated ion channels, opening or closing when the membrane potential passes a particular level. If a depolarization opens voltage-gated sodium channels, the resulting flow of ...
... 13. What is the wave of depolarization called? Action potentials arise because some of the ion channels in neurons are voltage-gated ion channels, opening or closing when the membrane potential passes a particular level. If a depolarization opens voltage-gated sodium channels, the resulting flow of ...
Lecture 3 NS_2015
... amounts and diffuses passively across the synaptic cleft (20-30 nm thick). Step 6: Some of the transmitter molecules bind to receptors in the postsynaptic membrane, and the activated receptors trigger some postsynaptic event, usually the opening of an ion channel (fast synapse) or the activation of ...
... amounts and diffuses passively across the synaptic cleft (20-30 nm thick). Step 6: Some of the transmitter molecules bind to receptors in the postsynaptic membrane, and the activated receptors trigger some postsynaptic event, usually the opening of an ion channel (fast synapse) or the activation of ...
Study materials CNS
... (4) IMPEDANCE (ELECTRICAL RESISTENCE) - reflects the extracellular conductivity. It can be changed during transmission of ions or pathological conditions ...
... (4) IMPEDANCE (ELECTRICAL RESISTENCE) - reflects the extracellular conductivity. It can be changed during transmission of ions or pathological conditions ...
quality of in vivo electrical measurements inside an mri magnet
... with the environment and thus may be related to the acquisition of new information. During sleep, fast oscillations (100-200 Hz) occur irregularly as short bursts. They may be involved in the transfer of memories to the cerebral cortex. Also slow oscillation (0.4-1 Hz) and very slow (0.01-0.06 Hz) o ...
... with the environment and thus may be related to the acquisition of new information. During sleep, fast oscillations (100-200 Hz) occur irregularly as short bursts. They may be involved in the transfer of memories to the cerebral cortex. Also slow oscillation (0.4-1 Hz) and very slow (0.01-0.06 Hz) o ...
Human Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and Visual Cortex Respond to
... Temporal and retinotopic properties developed above confirmed that this oscillating signal is evoked by the screen flicker and is not an electromagnetic artifact. This signal presents the electrophysiological characteristics of the SSVEPs usually evoked by repeated flashed stimuli. Indeed, these osc ...
... Temporal and retinotopic properties developed above confirmed that this oscillating signal is evoked by the screen flicker and is not an electromagnetic artifact. This signal presents the electrophysiological characteristics of the SSVEPs usually evoked by repeated flashed stimuli. Indeed, these osc ...
Modeling and Detecting Deep Brain Activity with MEG
... pyramidal cells. This explains why brain structures hosting this type of cells have been considered so far as closed-field, hence undetectable by MEG and EEG. Recent results from basic electrophysiological and micro MEG recordings from preparations however indicate that these structures may produce ...
... pyramidal cells. This explains why brain structures hosting this type of cells have been considered so far as closed-field, hence undetectable by MEG and EEG. Recent results from basic electrophysiological and micro MEG recordings from preparations however indicate that these structures may produce ...
Stochastic fluctuations of the synaptic function
... synapses produced quantal Excitatory PostSynaptic Currents (EPSCs) with peak amplitudes having a 5-65 pA range. The histogram of the peak amplitudes showed a long right tail. If the variability of the postsynaptic response observed in hippocampal neurons should be extended to all the neurons of brai ...
... synapses produced quantal Excitatory PostSynaptic Currents (EPSCs) with peak amplitudes having a 5-65 pA range. The histogram of the peak amplitudes showed a long right tail. If the variability of the postsynaptic response observed in hippocampal neurons should be extended to all the neurons of brai ...
Dopamine control of pyramidal neuron activity in the primary motor
... dopaminergic tissue levels can be measured in the motor cortex, this DA innervation remains weak compared with other structures such as the striatum or nucleus accumbens. For instance, Godefroy et al. (1991) showed that DA concentration in the somatomotor cortex is about 50 times lower than in the s ...
... dopaminergic tissue levels can be measured in the motor cortex, this DA innervation remains weak compared with other structures such as the striatum or nucleus accumbens. For instance, Godefroy et al. (1991) showed that DA concentration in the somatomotor cortex is about 50 times lower than in the s ...
Lecture 16
... Leaky integrate and fire neurons Encode each individual spike Time is represented exactly Each spike has an associated time The timing of recent incoming spikes determines whether a neuron will fire • Computationally expensive • Can we do almost as well without encoding every single spike? ...
... Leaky integrate and fire neurons Encode each individual spike Time is represented exactly Each spike has an associated time The timing of recent incoming spikes determines whether a neuron will fire • Computationally expensive • Can we do almost as well without encoding every single spike? ...
Nerve Impulse Transmission
... Transmission at the Synapse • There is a tiny gap between the synaptic knobs of one neuron and the dendrites of the next one. • This gap is called the synapse or synaptic cleft. • The nerve impulse needs to cross this gap and it does so by the release of special chemicals called neurotransmitters. ...
... Transmission at the Synapse • There is a tiny gap between the synaptic knobs of one neuron and the dendrites of the next one. • This gap is called the synapse or synaptic cleft. • The nerve impulse needs to cross this gap and it does so by the release of special chemicals called neurotransmitters. ...
Disease/Pathophysiology Epidemiology Signs and Symptoms
... Multiple Sclerosis -Autoimmune idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating CNS disease -Destroys myelin sheath, spares axons, neuronal cell bodies -Autoantibodies to myelin basic protein in blood and CSF -Inflammation and demyelination with remyelination lesions evolve into plaques, axonal transections ...
... Multiple Sclerosis -Autoimmune idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating CNS disease -Destroys myelin sheath, spares axons, neuronal cell bodies -Autoantibodies to myelin basic protein in blood and CSF -Inflammation and demyelination with remyelination lesions evolve into plaques, axonal transections ...
Time constants
... Next we need to consider five types of receptor commonly found in the central nervous system: three glutamate receptors and two GABA receptors. The receptors for other neurotransmitters have vastly longer time constants—for example, the effects of a single pulse of serotonin can last up to 10 minute ...
... Next we need to consider five types of receptor commonly found in the central nervous system: three glutamate receptors and two GABA receptors. The receptors for other neurotransmitters have vastly longer time constants—for example, the effects of a single pulse of serotonin can last up to 10 minute ...
article
... lose awareness of the external world, and may convulse (if the motor cortex is affected). These seizures can last several minutes, but their after-effects can last much longer. The symptoms often can be reduced or eliminated with anti-convulsing medications; but some people are not helped by these m ...
... lose awareness of the external world, and may convulse (if the motor cortex is affected). These seizures can last several minutes, but their after-effects can last much longer. The symptoms often can be reduced or eliminated with anti-convulsing medications; but some people are not helped by these m ...
action potential presen - Westgate Mennonite Collegiate
... Multiple cells provide input Input is received in different areas Input is summated to create a larger potential ...
... Multiple cells provide input Input is received in different areas Input is summated to create a larger potential ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.