THE SYNAPSE
... aldehyde-fixed tissue, asymmetric synapses include axons that contain predominantly round or spherical vesicles and form synapses that are distinguished by a thickened, postsynaptic density. In contrast, symmetric synapses involve axons that contain clusters of vesicles that are predominantly flatte ...
... aldehyde-fixed tissue, asymmetric synapses include axons that contain predominantly round or spherical vesicles and form synapses that are distinguished by a thickened, postsynaptic density. In contrast, symmetric synapses involve axons that contain clusters of vesicles that are predominantly flatte ...
I study the neural circuits that move bodies
... membrane potential is made more positive (“depolarized”, since the cell is normally polarized to its resting potential) past a threshold around -55 mV. The inrush of Na + through these newly-opened VGSCs depolarize the local potential even further, which triggers the opening of additional nearby VGS ...
... membrane potential is made more positive (“depolarized”, since the cell is normally polarized to its resting potential) past a threshold around -55 mV. The inrush of Na + through these newly-opened VGSCs depolarize the local potential even further, which triggers the opening of additional nearby VGS ...
Physiological origins and functional correlates of EEG rhythmic
... Recent neurophysiological evidence, however, suggests an alternative explanation for these frequency changes. Both Steriade, Dossi, and Nunez (1991) and McCormick and Huguenard (1992) found that the frequency of membrane potential oscillations in thalamic relay cells slows when hyperpolarization is ...
... Recent neurophysiological evidence, however, suggests an alternative explanation for these frequency changes. Both Steriade, Dossi, and Nunez (1991) and McCormick and Huguenard (1992) found that the frequency of membrane potential oscillations in thalamic relay cells slows when hyperpolarization is ...
The Endogenously Active Brain: The Need for an
... dendrites to raise the voltage above threshold, after which they generate an action potential on their axon and, over time, return to their resting potential. On this view, neurons are reactive components. Although most accounts of neural processing focus on action potentials, they represent only a ...
... dendrites to raise the voltage above threshold, after which they generate an action potential on their axon and, over time, return to their resting potential. On this view, neurons are reactive components. Although most accounts of neural processing focus on action potentials, they represent only a ...
The yin and yang of cortical layer 1
... underlying the neocortical phenomena known as UP and DOWN states, neither the mechanisms that lead to the initiation and termination of UP states nor the neurons responsible for these transitions have been clearly established. UP states consist of step-like depolarizations accompanied by synaptic ac ...
... underlying the neocortical phenomena known as UP and DOWN states, neither the mechanisms that lead to the initiation and termination of UP states nor the neurons responsible for these transitions have been clearly established. UP states consist of step-like depolarizations accompanied by synaptic ac ...
Exercise 5: Synaptic Integration - הפקולטה למדעי הבריאות
... Can the site of impulse initiation be altered by parameter changes? Change the synaptic strength (conductance). Has the site of initiation changed with synaptic strength? ...
... Can the site of impulse initiation be altered by parameter changes? Change the synaptic strength (conductance). Has the site of initiation changed with synaptic strength? ...
Cellular mechanisms underlying network synchrony in the medial
... Randomly-timed large deflections of the EEG signal lasting for 200-300 msec During slow-wave sleep and awake immobility Generated by recurrent excitation in the CA3 Ripple oscillations (150-250Hz) ride on sharp waves in CA1 The ...
... Randomly-timed large deflections of the EEG signal lasting for 200-300 msec During slow-wave sleep and awake immobility Generated by recurrent excitation in the CA3 Ripple oscillations (150-250Hz) ride on sharp waves in CA1 The ...
Excellence in Clinical Neurosurgery: Practice and Judgment Make
... sensory, and language functions; and the spread of seizure activity throughout the brain. Recently, we have developed a computer animation program based on high-frequency oscillations that allows us to visualize the spread of a seizure from the ictal onset zone through adjacent neural networks to ot ...
... sensory, and language functions; and the spread of seizure activity throughout the brain. Recently, we have developed a computer animation program based on high-frequency oscillations that allows us to visualize the spread of a seizure from the ictal onset zone through adjacent neural networks to ot ...
The Neurally Controlled Animat: Biological Brains Acting
... chosen to produce approximately half-maximal response from the network. Feedback stimuli typically occurred within 100 ms after pattern detection, often producing bursts that would propagate from the stimulating channel along multi-synaptic pathways. Similar stimulation pulses have been shown to pro ...
... chosen to produce approximately half-maximal response from the network. Feedback stimuli typically occurred within 100 ms after pattern detection, often producing bursts that would propagate from the stimulating channel along multi-synaptic pathways. Similar stimulation pulses have been shown to pro ...
chapter 11 the somatosensory system and topographic organization
... point of stimulation; surrounding the peak is a trough of inhibition. The stacked graphs on the right compare activity evoked by 2-point stimulation of the skin across one dimension of the 2-D neuronal array under two different sets of conditions - with lateral inhibition (left-front) and without la ...
... point of stimulation; surrounding the peak is a trough of inhibition. The stacked graphs on the right compare activity evoked by 2-point stimulation of the skin across one dimension of the 2-D neuronal array under two different sets of conditions - with lateral inhibition (left-front) and without la ...
Chapter 17 Intrinsic Optical Signal Imaging of Normal and Abnormal
... oxygenation response. These findings are critically important to our understanding of the perfusion-based imaging techniques that have found their way into clinical practice and imply an understanding of this relationship that has not previously existed. We have also translated these techniques int ...
... oxygenation response. These findings are critically important to our understanding of the perfusion-based imaging techniques that have found their way into clinical practice and imply an understanding of this relationship that has not previously existed. We have also translated these techniques int ...
For Motor Outputs, as for Sensory Inputs, Spike Timing Carries More
... the firing rate (‘‘spike counts’’) or firing pattern (‘‘spike timing’’) of RA output was the best predictor of the behavioral group a given syllable would fall into. This analysis involves asking what the ‘‘cost’’ is of transforming one train into another, based on assigning individual costs to acti ...
... the firing rate (‘‘spike counts’’) or firing pattern (‘‘spike timing’’) of RA output was the best predictor of the behavioral group a given syllable would fall into. This analysis involves asking what the ‘‘cost’’ is of transforming one train into another, based on assigning individual costs to acti ...
Chapter 04: The Action Potential
... - Overshoot : part where inside neurons are more positive than outside (> 0mV) - Falling phase : rapid repolarization - Undershoot : after-hyperpolarization ...
... - Overshoot : part where inside neurons are more positive than outside (> 0mV) - Falling phase : rapid repolarization - Undershoot : after-hyperpolarization ...
The endogenously active brain - William Bechtel
... Cognitive activity is assumed to begin with the presentation of a task or stimulus, which is represented and the representation is then transformed via operations specified by the architecture. This reactive ...
... Cognitive activity is assumed to begin with the presentation of a task or stimulus, which is represented and the representation is then transformed via operations specified by the architecture. This reactive ...
Impact of Correlated inputs on Simple Neural Models
... of the recipient neuron The effect is qualitatively independent of the neural model The neurons have specific preferences to certain levels of correlations in input trains The temporal correlation can dramatically modulate the neural responsiveness ...
... of the recipient neuron The effect is qualitatively independent of the neural model The neurons have specific preferences to certain levels of correlations in input trains The temporal correlation can dramatically modulate the neural responsiveness ...
Hayrunnisa Bolay, Turkey
... in an inhibitory manner and receives glutamatergic excitatory afferents from both cortex and thalamic relay nuclei. TRN mainly functions as a gatekeeper of sensory outflow to the cortex, which is involved in selective attention, lateral inhibition, and discrimination of sensory stimuli. Burst firing ...
... in an inhibitory manner and receives glutamatergic excitatory afferents from both cortex and thalamic relay nuclei. TRN mainly functions as a gatekeeper of sensory outflow to the cortex, which is involved in selective attention, lateral inhibition, and discrimination of sensory stimuli. Burst firing ...
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of
... Herbert Jasper, David Hubel, and Edward Evarts independently found that many cells were discharging in bursts of action potentials instead of the more independent series of single spikes typical of the waking animal. Indeed, intracellular recordings during slow-wave sleep from the thalamic relay cel ...
... Herbert Jasper, David Hubel, and Edward Evarts independently found that many cells were discharging in bursts of action potentials instead of the more independent series of single spikes typical of the waking animal. Indeed, intracellular recordings during slow-wave sleep from the thalamic relay cel ...
MS Word Version
... 37. (Page 12.) Glutamate is the most common and most potent excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Glutamate acts directly on ion channels that permit passage of both _______ and _______, producing fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials. a. sodium, potassium b. chloride 38. (Pag ...
... 37. (Page 12.) Glutamate is the most common and most potent excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Glutamate acts directly on ion channels that permit passage of both _______ and _______, producing fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials. a. sodium, potassium b. chloride 38. (Pag ...
Monday, June 20, 2005
... 1.4 Monitoring the dynamics of neural functions modulated by intracellular ClAtsuo Fukuda Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan One of recent topics in neuroscience is that GABA necessarily acts excitatory (Cl - efflux) in immature brain, in contrast to inhibitory (Cl- influx) in normal ad ...
... 1.4 Monitoring the dynamics of neural functions modulated by intracellular ClAtsuo Fukuda Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan One of recent topics in neuroscience is that GABA necessarily acts excitatory (Cl - efflux) in immature brain, in contrast to inhibitory (Cl- influx) in normal ad ...
Abstract Browser - The Journal of Neuroscience
... example, that slow-wave sleep (SWS) is particularly important for consolidating declarative memories, and it has been hypothesized that newly acquired memories are transferred to long-term storage and integrated with older memories during this stage. SWS is characterized by widespread synchronous os ...
... example, that slow-wave sleep (SWS) is particularly important for consolidating declarative memories, and it has been hypothesized that newly acquired memories are transferred to long-term storage and integrated with older memories during this stage. SWS is characterized by widespread synchronous os ...
Lecture 15
... Leaky integrate and fire neurons Encode each individual spike Time is represented exactly Each spike has an associated time The timing of recent incoming spikes determines whether a neuron will fire • Computationally expensive • Can we do almost as well without encoding every single spike? ...
... Leaky integrate and fire neurons Encode each individual spike Time is represented exactly Each spike has an associated time The timing of recent incoming spikes determines whether a neuron will fire • Computationally expensive • Can we do almost as well without encoding every single spike? ...
Abstract Browser - The Journal of Neuroscience
... The emergence of motor deficits after cerebellar damage indicates that the cerebellum is involved in producing smooth, continuous ...
... The emergence of motor deficits after cerebellar damage indicates that the cerebellum is involved in producing smooth, continuous ...
actively spiking compared with non-spiking human epileptic
... permit EEG localisation. However, the possibility that these drugs even in low dosage may have influenced the amino acid and enzyme values cannot be excluded. None had received valproate which the acute administration of high doses in experimental animal studies is reported to result in a reduction ...
... permit EEG localisation. However, the possibility that these drugs even in low dosage may have influenced the amino acid and enzyme values cannot be excluded. None had received valproate which the acute administration of high doses in experimental animal studies is reported to result in a reduction ...
Mapping form and function in the human brain: the emerging field of
... Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Received 2 June 2003; revised 12 S ...
... Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Received 2 June 2003; revised 12 S ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.