Anatomical and physiological bases of consciousness and sleep
... • subject to damage in Alzheimer's disease (impaired attention & memory) • Acetylcholine (ACh) = excitatory GABA = inhibitiory • hypothalamus • arousal • antihistamine drugs may cause drowsiness • Histamine ...
... • subject to damage in Alzheimer's disease (impaired attention & memory) • Acetylcholine (ACh) = excitatory GABA = inhibitiory • hypothalamus • arousal • antihistamine drugs may cause drowsiness • Histamine ...
Part IV- Single neuron computation
... Burst firing due to Ca firing: • Exist cells with 2 additional type of channels: 1. T type voltage activated Ca channels (T for transient)- open at very low threshold, inactivate fast. 2. L type voltage activated Ca channels (L for long)- open only at higher threshold, very very slow de-activation ( ...
... Burst firing due to Ca firing: • Exist cells with 2 additional type of channels: 1. T type voltage activated Ca channels (T for transient)- open at very low threshold, inactivate fast. 2. L type voltage activated Ca channels (L for long)- open only at higher threshold, very very slow de-activation ( ...
Desired EEG Signals For Detecting Brain Tumor Using Indu Sekhar Samant
... from and quite differently than the rest of the body. The brain contains about 10 Billion working brain cells. They are called neurons and make over 13 Trillion connections with each other to form the most sophisticated organic computer on the planet maybe even the universe. By today's computer stan ...
... from and quite differently than the rest of the body. The brain contains about 10 Billion working brain cells. They are called neurons and make over 13 Trillion connections with each other to form the most sophisticated organic computer on the planet maybe even the universe. By today's computer stan ...
Properties of Primary Sensory (Lemniscal) Synapses in the
... were significantly depressed (Fig. 3A), as previously described (Castro-Alamancos and Calcagnotto 2001). Also, input resistance and membrane potential were not significantly affected under these recording conditions (Castro-Alamancos and Calcagnotto 2001). The dose of acetylcholine used is effective ...
... were significantly depressed (Fig. 3A), as previously described (Castro-Alamancos and Calcagnotto 2001). Also, input resistance and membrane potential were not significantly affected under these recording conditions (Castro-Alamancos and Calcagnotto 2001). The dose of acetylcholine used is effective ...
Chaos in the Brain. - Brain Dynamics Laboratory
... decay nonlinearly (usually exponentially) with time. Since prediction becomes impossible, these systems can appear to be irregular, but this randomness is only apparent because the origin of their irregularities is different: they are intrinsic, rather than due to external influences. ...
... decay nonlinearly (usually exponentially) with time. Since prediction becomes impossible, these systems can appear to be irregular, but this randomness is only apparent because the origin of their irregularities is different: they are intrinsic, rather than due to external influences. ...
Document
... AS+ES pairing when the delay between ES and AS was between 10 and 30ms and the suppression declined at longer intervals. In most cases the suppression affected the late part of the response. ES alone evoked short latency excitation within 5ms and a longer lasting suppression of spontaneous activity. ...
... AS+ES pairing when the delay between ES and AS was between 10 and 30ms and the suppression declined at longer intervals. In most cases the suppression affected the late part of the response. ES alone evoked short latency excitation within 5ms and a longer lasting suppression of spontaneous activity. ...
Real-time tomography from magnetoencephalography (MEG
... what each side might represent and partly by a mismatch in the actual coin (paper) about what value one side is portraying and how this value is described implicitly or explicitly on the other side. The end product of an EEG or MEG experiment is some measure of activity. Even if we assume that the ...
... what each side might represent and partly by a mismatch in the actual coin (paper) about what value one side is portraying and how this value is described implicitly or explicitly on the other side. The end product of an EEG or MEG experiment is some measure of activity. Even if we assume that the ...
the manuscript as pdf
... with one pulse producing one burst of action potentials. The burst pattern may be converted to tonic firing after blockade of calcium currents. The one-to-one response of the firing of action potentials following stimulation pulses, however, is independent of synaptic integration mechanisms, as show ...
... with one pulse producing one burst of action potentials. The burst pattern may be converted to tonic firing after blockade of calcium currents. The one-to-one response of the firing of action potentials following stimulation pulses, however, is independent of synaptic integration mechanisms, as show ...
Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of
... amplitude dominate the neocortical EEG during slow-wave sleep (SWS) (called ‘synchronized EEG’). Although spectral analyses of the neocortical EEG reveal a continuum of frequencies during SWS, it includes readily identifiable components. The lowest frequency component (<1 Hz) is termed ‘slow oscilla ...
... amplitude dominate the neocortical EEG during slow-wave sleep (SWS) (called ‘synchronized EEG’). Although spectral analyses of the neocortical EEG reveal a continuum of frequencies during SWS, it includes readily identifiable components. The lowest frequency component (<1 Hz) is termed ‘slow oscilla ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... produced activation of the EEG (low voltage fast electrical activity, or LFA), an effect evoked by stimulation of the central core of the brainstem in a region extending upward from the bulbar RF to the mesodiencephalic junction, the dorsal hypothalamus, and the ventral thalamus. In many features t ...
... produced activation of the EEG (low voltage fast electrical activity, or LFA), an effect evoked by stimulation of the central core of the brainstem in a region extending upward from the bulbar RF to the mesodiencephalic junction, the dorsal hypothalamus, and the ventral thalamus. In many features t ...
Electroencephalogram based Brain
... Abstract Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are useful for diagnosing various mental conditions such as epilepsy, memory impairments and sleep disorders. Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a revolutionary new area using EEG that is most useful for the severely disabled individuals for hands-off devic ...
... Abstract Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are useful for diagnosing various mental conditions such as epilepsy, memory impairments and sleep disorders. Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a revolutionary new area using EEG that is most useful for the severely disabled individuals for hands-off devic ...
Intracellular and computational evidence for a
... A third important parameter is that spontaneous activity may be specific to each layer of cerebral cortex. Superficial layers display very sparse firing, while deep layers have more profuse spontaneous activity [33]. Whole-cell recordings are usually made in superficial layers, which may also explai ...
... A third important parameter is that spontaneous activity may be specific to each layer of cerebral cortex. Superficial layers display very sparse firing, while deep layers have more profuse spontaneous activity [33]. Whole-cell recordings are usually made in superficial layers, which may also explai ...
Synaptic inhibition is caused by:
... Basically, the reason that inhibitory synapses are needed: a. cause secretion b. prevent excessive excitation and unwanted impulses c. enhance excitation, since EPSP's alone cannot produce sufficient depolarization for threshold to be ...
... Basically, the reason that inhibitory synapses are needed: a. cause secretion b. prevent excessive excitation and unwanted impulses c. enhance excitation, since EPSP's alone cannot produce sufficient depolarization for threshold to be ...
Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders
... an important contribution of mitochondria in the neurodegenerative process is very likely. Additional ROS generation by the cytosolic tyrosine hydroxylase and monoamine oxidases might underlie the preferential degeneration of neurons with dopaminergic neurotransmission in PD. The molecular mechanism ...
... an important contribution of mitochondria in the neurodegenerative process is very likely. Additional ROS generation by the cytosolic tyrosine hydroxylase and monoamine oxidases might underlie the preferential degeneration of neurons with dopaminergic neurotransmission in PD. The molecular mechanism ...
MR of Neuronal Migration Anomalies
... was more sensitive than CT in detecting these anomalies because of its better contrast between gray and white matter. We found that MR was particularly more sensitive in detecting schizencephaly, where recognizing the presence of gray matter lining the cleft is critical to distinguishing that diseas ...
... was more sensitive than CT in detecting these anomalies because of its better contrast between gray and white matter. We found that MR was particularly more sensitive in detecting schizencephaly, where recognizing the presence of gray matter lining the cleft is critical to distinguishing that diseas ...
Event-Related Potentials
... auditory stimuli having physical acoustic properties that deviate from prior (standard) stimuli registered in auditory memory. Occurring between 80 and 200 ms after presentation of deviant auditory stimuli, thus overlapping the N1 and P2 components, the mismatch negativity is isolated by computing ...
... auditory stimuli having physical acoustic properties that deviate from prior (standard) stimuli registered in auditory memory. Occurring between 80 and 200 ms after presentation of deviant auditory stimuli, thus overlapping the N1 and P2 components, the mismatch negativity is isolated by computing ...
Polarization theory of motivations, emotions and
... As mentioned before, lability of a neuron increases with hyperpolarization of membranous potential (Sologub, 1985). Literature analysis (Аndersen, Eccles, 1962; Batuev, 1970; Skrebitskiy, 1977 et al.) also shows that in connection with processing of information from internal and external medium of t ...
... As mentioned before, lability of a neuron increases with hyperpolarization of membranous potential (Sologub, 1985). Literature analysis (Аndersen, Eccles, 1962; Batuev, 1970; Skrebitskiy, 1977 et al.) also shows that in connection with processing of information from internal and external medium of t ...
Sleep Mar 19 2013x - Lakehead University
... The diffuse modulatory NT systems are the most critical to the control of sleeping and waking During waking, the locus coeruleus (NE) and the raphe nuclei (5-HT) fire and enhance awake states (some ACh neurons also participate as well) These diffuse modulatory systems control rhythmic behaviors of t ...
... The diffuse modulatory NT systems are the most critical to the control of sleeping and waking During waking, the locus coeruleus (NE) and the raphe nuclei (5-HT) fire and enhance awake states (some ACh neurons also participate as well) These diffuse modulatory systems control rhythmic behaviors of t ...
Coincidence Detection or Temporal Integration?
... these neuronal trios displayed cooperative effects in which the cortical discharge probability after synchronous thalamic ...
... these neuronal trios displayed cooperative effects in which the cortical discharge probability after synchronous thalamic ...
BRAIN DYNAMICS AT MULTIPLE SCALES: CAN ONE RECONCILE
... as epilepsy or comatous states, display large amplitude oscillations, which are strikingly regular. A first evidence for chaotic dynamics is that EEG dynamics display a prominent sensitivity to initial conditions. This sensitivity is illustrated in Fig. 2 for the alpha rhythm (awake eyes closed) and ...
... as epilepsy or comatous states, display large amplitude oscillations, which are strikingly regular. A first evidence for chaotic dynamics is that EEG dynamics display a prominent sensitivity to initial conditions. This sensitivity is illustrated in Fig. 2 for the alpha rhythm (awake eyes closed) and ...
Chapter 2: The synapse – regulating communication and
... Ca2+ floods into the terminal, triggering the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane and the release of transmitter into the synaptic cleft. Early investigators, recording electrical signals from the synaptic contacts on muscle, observed that Ach could be released even in the absence o ...
... Ca2+ floods into the terminal, triggering the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane and the release of transmitter into the synaptic cleft. Early investigators, recording electrical signals from the synaptic contacts on muscle, observed that Ach could be released even in the absence o ...
UNIVERSIDAD SAN FRANCISCO DE QUITO USFQ Detección y
... from the ability of the nervous tissue to generate quantifiable electric potentials to measure brain activities. The electrodes are metallic with a plastic base and are located on the scalp to measure brain activity. The electrodes must be wet with a few drops of a saline conductive solution to incr ...
... from the ability of the nervous tissue to generate quantifiable electric potentials to measure brain activities. The electrodes are metallic with a plastic base and are located on the scalp to measure brain activity. The electrodes must be wet with a few drops of a saline conductive solution to incr ...
Dissipation of dark energy by cortex in knowledge retrieval
... phase of random activity to a structured liquid-like phase. The phase transition is by spontaneous breaking of the symmetry of the random phase (Freeman and Vitiello, 2006). The fragment of knowledge from broken symmetry is expressed in two interactive fields of neural activity, which spread over the ...
... phase of random activity to a structured liquid-like phase. The phase transition is by spontaneous breaking of the symmetry of the random phase (Freeman and Vitiello, 2006). The fragment of knowledge from broken symmetry is expressed in two interactive fields of neural activity, which spread over the ...
Thalamocortical projection from the ventral posteromedial nucleus
... SI receives various afferents from the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), agranular insular cortex, homotopic area of contralateral SI, and Po. These excitatory afferents have been considered as effective elements that act on the pyramidal neurons of layers II/III. Thus, layer I seems to be one o ...
... SI receives various afferents from the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), agranular insular cortex, homotopic area of contralateral SI, and Po. These excitatory afferents have been considered as effective elements that act on the pyramidal neurons of layers II/III. Thus, layer I seems to be one o ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... observation concerning visual stimuli indicates that some neural mechanism in addition to the direct sensory pathways is required for the maintenance of wakefulness. In 1949 Moruzzi and Magoun discovered that rapid stimulation (50-200/sec) of the brainstem produced activation of the EEG (low voltage ...
... observation concerning visual stimuli indicates that some neural mechanism in addition to the direct sensory pathways is required for the maintenance of wakefulness. In 1949 Moruzzi and Magoun discovered that rapid stimulation (50-200/sec) of the brainstem produced activation of the EEG (low voltage ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.