Combining electroencephalographic activity and
... significant correlations were found for the α (8–12 Hz) [48–52], β (13–30 Hz) [49,50,53] and γ (>30 Hz) bands [53,54], the psychophysiological meaning of such associations is still ill-defined. For instance, complexity of HRV series was used to predict changes in the EEG α band after stress [48]. Ho ...
... significant correlations were found for the α (8–12 Hz) [48–52], β (13–30 Hz) [49,50,53] and γ (>30 Hz) bands [53,54], the psychophysiological meaning of such associations is still ill-defined. For instance, complexity of HRV series was used to predict changes in the EEG α band after stress [48]. Ho ...
Basics of electromagnetic field mapping
... dipoles may cancel out, this so called inverse problem of the cannot be solved uniquely, neither for EEG nor for MEG. This means that for a given scalp field, we can find an endless number of configurations of dipoles that would produce our scalp field. This implies that the researcher has to use a ...
... dipoles may cancel out, this so called inverse problem of the cannot be solved uniquely, neither for EEG nor for MEG. This means that for a given scalp field, we can find an endless number of configurations of dipoles that would produce our scalp field. This implies that the researcher has to use a ...
Spontaneous activity and functional connectivity in the developing
... Rio-Bermudez et al. 2015; Lisman 1997). As defined by Lisman (1997), a “complex spike” is composed of a burst of at least two action potentials with short interspike intervals (ISIs); they also are often characterized by spikes with progressively decreasing amplitudes. (Complex spikes in the RN shou ...
... Rio-Bermudez et al. 2015; Lisman 1997). As defined by Lisman (1997), a “complex spike” is composed of a burst of at least two action potentials with short interspike intervals (ISIs); they also are often characterized by spikes with progressively decreasing amplitudes. (Complex spikes in the RN shou ...
PREFERENTIAL POTENTIATION OF WEAKER INPUTS TO PRIMARY
... specific signals processed in specific sensory and high-levels pathways (Schacher et al., 1997). One property of neuromodulatory synapses, which makes them distinct from other synapses, is the presence of metabotropic receptors. Neurotransmitters binding to metabotropic receptors exert responses tha ...
... specific signals processed in specific sensory and high-levels pathways (Schacher et al., 1997). One property of neuromodulatory synapses, which makes them distinct from other synapses, is the presence of metabotropic receptors. Neurotransmitters binding to metabotropic receptors exert responses tha ...
PINP: A New Method of Tagging Neuronal Populations
... Neural circuits are exquisitely organized, consisting of many different neuronal subpopulations. However, it is difficult to assess the functional roles of these subpopulations using conventional extracellular recording techniques because these techniques do not easily distinguish spikes from differ ...
... Neural circuits are exquisitely organized, consisting of many different neuronal subpopulations. However, it is difficult to assess the functional roles of these subpopulations using conventional extracellular recording techniques because these techniques do not easily distinguish spikes from differ ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation
... neuronal activity. Most of them, however, had a bias due to an exclusive focus on the firing rates of individual neurons of neocortices. Neuronal operant conditioning should be used to explore the extent to which synchronous activity in neurons can be volitionally enhanced. Synchronous neuronal acti ...
... neuronal activity. Most of them, however, had a bias due to an exclusive focus on the firing rates of individual neurons of neocortices. Neuronal operant conditioning should be used to explore the extent to which synchronous activity in neurons can be volitionally enhanced. Synchronous neuronal acti ...
SECTION A.1 – ELECTRICAL IMBALANCE IN AUTISM A. Evidence
... A question arises as to, if electrical imbalances is at the core of autism, why don’t all children show abnormal EEG’s all the time. What may be happening is that the autistic brain is not always overstimulated. It has the potential for overstimulation, but it may be relaxed and quiescent at many ti ...
... A question arises as to, if electrical imbalances is at the core of autism, why don’t all children show abnormal EEG’s all the time. What may be happening is that the autistic brain is not always overstimulated. It has the potential for overstimulation, but it may be relaxed and quiescent at many ti ...
Developmental mechanics of the primate cerebral cortex
... mechanical interactions of brain structures, such as friction of the cortical sheet with underlying subcortical structures (His 1874) or the association of the cortical plate with the sub-plate during development (Armstrong et al. 1995). However, these general factors do not explain the specific plac ...
... mechanical interactions of brain structures, such as friction of the cortical sheet with underlying subcortical structures (His 1874) or the association of the cortical plate with the sub-plate during development (Armstrong et al. 1995). However, these general factors do not explain the specific plac ...
Odorant-induced Oscillations in the Mushroom Bodies of
... on the mushroom bodies have been carried out in the context of olfactory processing and learning, for the mushroom bodies are the main target neuropil of olfactory projection interneurons that originate in the glomerular antenna1 lobes (Christensen and Hildebrand, 1987; Masson and Mustaparta, 1990). ...
... on the mushroom bodies have been carried out in the context of olfactory processing and learning, for the mushroom bodies are the main target neuropil of olfactory projection interneurons that originate in the glomerular antenna1 lobes (Christensen and Hildebrand, 1987; Masson and Mustaparta, 1990). ...
The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex
... brain or cortical size (4). Given that the cerebral cortex is a columnar structure (2, 5, 6), the most accepted view of cortical expansion proposes that this is achieved through the addition of columnar modules (7, 8). This view is so pervasive that the cortical surface area, rather than cortical vo ...
... brain or cortical size (4). Given that the cerebral cortex is a columnar structure (2, 5, 6), the most accepted view of cortical expansion proposes that this is achieved through the addition of columnar modules (7, 8). This view is so pervasive that the cortical surface area, rather than cortical vo ...
Original Article Female Rat Hippocampal Cell
... (CPP), which is widely used as a model for studying the reinforcing effects of drugs with dependence liability. Long-term opiate use may produce maladaptive plasticity in the brain structures involved in learning and memory, such as the hippocampus. We investigated the phenomenon of conditioning wit ...
... (CPP), which is widely used as a model for studying the reinforcing effects of drugs with dependence liability. Long-term opiate use may produce maladaptive plasticity in the brain structures involved in learning and memory, such as the hippocampus. We investigated the phenomenon of conditioning wit ...
Enhanced intrinsic excitability and EPSP
... Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel) was used to stimulate the Schaffer collateral inputs. Data were ...
... Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel) was used to stimulate the Schaffer collateral inputs. Data were ...
Spontaneous firing patterns of identified spiny neurons in the rat
... Ether administration was continued as needed by application to a gauze cone wrapped around the incisor bar. The skull was exposed by a short scalp incision and small burr holes were drilled in the skull overlying the head of the caudate-putamen on each side. The areas in and around the wound were th ...
... Ether administration was continued as needed by application to a gauze cone wrapped around the incisor bar. The skull was exposed by a short scalp incision and small burr holes were drilled in the skull overlying the head of the caudate-putamen on each side. The areas in and around the wound were th ...
Paraneoplastic Syndrome and Mimics: What the
... • NOTE: same neurologic symptoms/syndrome can be caused by one or more antibodies known to cause paraneoplastic syndrome • NOTE: high titers of paraneoplastic antibodies with or without symptoms should warrant careful search for underlying neoplasm ...
... • NOTE: same neurologic symptoms/syndrome can be caused by one or more antibodies known to cause paraneoplastic syndrome • NOTE: high titers of paraneoplastic antibodies with or without symptoms should warrant careful search for underlying neoplasm ...
EXERCISE TRAINING AND SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... increasingly apparent that a sedentary lifestyle contributes significantly to chronic disease.34 Therefore, if one identifies the trained group as the control or ‘healthy’ group, as has been suggested previously,3 importantly different and significant conclusions can be reached.3 For example, the ab ...
... increasingly apparent that a sedentary lifestyle contributes significantly to chronic disease.34 Therefore, if one identifies the trained group as the control or ‘healthy’ group, as has been suggested previously,3 importantly different and significant conclusions can be reached.3 For example, the ab ...
Components of Decision-Making
... Baimel, C., et al. (2015). "Orexin/hypocretin role in reward: implications for opioid and other addictions." British journal of pharmacology 172(2): 334-348. Baimel, C. and S. L. Borgland (2015). "Orexin signaling in the VTA gates morphine-induced synaptic plasticity." The journal of neuroscience 3 ...
... Baimel, C., et al. (2015). "Orexin/hypocretin role in reward: implications for opioid and other addictions." British journal of pharmacology 172(2): 334-348. Baimel, C. and S. L. Borgland (2015). "Orexin signaling in the VTA gates morphine-induced synaptic plasticity." The journal of neuroscience 3 ...
The Neural Architecture Underlying Habit Learning: An Evolving
... When I began to study the brain, as a student in the late 1960's, there was enormous excitement about work on the neocortex. Surely this was the organ of thought and creativity, the organ underlying our ability to see and hear and feel, our ability to act deliberatively, to do mathematics. And, buil ...
... When I began to study the brain, as a student in the late 1960's, there was enormous excitement about work on the neocortex. Surely this was the organ of thought and creativity, the organ underlying our ability to see and hear and feel, our ability to act deliberatively, to do mathematics. And, buil ...
Short-Lasting Classical Conditioning Induces
... of the snout. We previously ascertained (Chmielowska et al., 1986; Kossut et al., 1988) that there were no ipsilateral changes of 2DG uptake produced by unilateral whisker stimulation in the way applied during the 2DG mapping, and therefore we could directly compare the labeling of "trained" and unt ...
... of the snout. We previously ascertained (Chmielowska et al., 1986; Kossut et al., 1988) that there were no ipsilateral changes of 2DG uptake produced by unilateral whisker stimulation in the way applied during the 2DG mapping, and therefore we could directly compare the labeling of "trained" and unt ...
How Inhibition Shapes Cortical Activity
... 2000). Postsynaptic GABAB receptors also inhibit voltage-gated calcium channels, thereby, for example, reducing dendritic excitability (Pérez-Garci et al., 2006). Furthermore, GABAB receptors are present on both glutamatergic and GABAergic nerve terminals where their activation causes presynaptic i ...
... 2000). Postsynaptic GABAB receptors also inhibit voltage-gated calcium channels, thereby, for example, reducing dendritic excitability (Pérez-Garci et al., 2006). Furthermore, GABAB receptors are present on both glutamatergic and GABAergic nerve terminals where their activation causes presynaptic i ...
Reward-Dependent Spatial Selectivity of Anticipatory Activity in
... future events. However, what actually is predicted is unknown. Using a memory-guided saccade task, in which only one out of four directions was rewarded in each block of trials, we found that a group of neurons in the monkey caudate nucleus (CD) showed activity before presentation of an instruction ...
... future events. However, what actually is predicted is unknown. Using a memory-guided saccade task, in which only one out of four directions was rewarded in each block of trials, we found that a group of neurons in the monkey caudate nucleus (CD) showed activity before presentation of an instruction ...
Age-dependent effect of cholinergic lesion on dendritic morphology
... These physiological and morphological changes are accompanied by neurochemical changes, including substantially reduced acetylcholine release [69] and choline acetyltransferase activity [2] in frontal cortex. This reduction in acetylcholine release may be due to downregulation of nicotinic autorecep ...
... These physiological and morphological changes are accompanied by neurochemical changes, including substantially reduced acetylcholine release [69] and choline acetyltransferase activity [2] in frontal cortex. This reduction in acetylcholine release may be due to downregulation of nicotinic autorecep ...
Manuscript_text
... Abstract: The putative endogenous imidazoline binding site ligand harmane enhances neuronal activation in response to psychological stress and alters behaviour in animal models of anxiety and antidepressant efficacy. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying harmane’s psychotropic effects a ...
... Abstract: The putative endogenous imidazoline binding site ligand harmane enhances neuronal activation in response to psychological stress and alters behaviour in animal models of anxiety and antidepressant efficacy. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying harmane’s psychotropic effects a ...
BCM Theory
... input. The point when an external input is given is indicated by an arrow. The neurons quasirandomly fire with patch synchronization (indicated by circles) when there is no external excitatory input. When an external input is given, the neurons fire synchronously (see the peak in spike histogram at ...
... input. The point when an external input is given is indicated by an arrow. The neurons quasirandomly fire with patch synchronization (indicated by circles) when there is no external excitatory input. When an external input is given, the neurons fire synchronously (see the peak in spike histogram at ...
Chapter 19: Brain Rhythms and Sleep
... – Adenosine: Sleep promoting factor; released by neurons; may have inhibitory effects of diffuse modulatory systems – Melatonin: Produced by pineal gland, released at night-inhibited during the day (circadian regulation); initiates and maintain sleep; treat symptoms of jet lag and insomnia Copyright ...
... – Adenosine: Sleep promoting factor; released by neurons; may have inhibitory effects of diffuse modulatory systems – Melatonin: Produced by pineal gland, released at night-inhibited during the day (circadian regulation); initiates and maintain sleep; treat symptoms of jet lag and insomnia Copyright ...
Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool
... potentials at the scalp surface. Most important is the fact that a given electrode on the scalp does not record solely the neuronal activity directly underlying it. Rather, every electrode picks up signals from different sources that can eventually be quite distal. This is because the electric field ...
... potentials at the scalp surface. Most important is the fact that a given electrode on the scalp does not record solely the neuronal activity directly underlying it. Rather, every electrode picks up signals from different sources that can eventually be quite distal. This is because the electric field ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.