Serotonin 1B Receptor Modulates Frequency Response Curves and
... altered by the neuromodulator serotonin, but the changes in excitatoryinhibitory balance that mediate this plasticity are not well understood. Previous findings suggest that the presynaptic 5-HT1B receptor may act to decrease the release of GABA onto IC neurons. Here, in vivo extracellular recording ...
... altered by the neuromodulator serotonin, but the changes in excitatoryinhibitory balance that mediate this plasticity are not well understood. Previous findings suggest that the presynaptic 5-HT1B receptor may act to decrease the release of GABA onto IC neurons. Here, in vivo extracellular recording ...
Acetylcholine - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... This innervation of dopamine cells by cholinergic neurons may explain the finding that lesions of the PPT can modulate the rewarding qualities of addictive drugs. Lesions of the PPT reduce the self-administration of nicotine (48) and opiates (49). Moreover, conditioned place preference for food, opi ...
... This innervation of dopamine cells by cholinergic neurons may explain the finding that lesions of the PPT can modulate the rewarding qualities of addictive drugs. Lesions of the PPT reduce the self-administration of nicotine (48) and opiates (49). Moreover, conditioned place preference for food, opi ...
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... increased GABAergic activity and reduced glutamatergic activity in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. This effect was prevented by MT1/MT2 blockade (Xia et al. 2008). Since in SHR/cp rats NOS activity was increased in the brain parts like brain cortex and cerebellum, we ...
... increased GABAergic activity and reduced glutamatergic activity in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. This effect was prevented by MT1/MT2 blockade (Xia et al. 2008). Since in SHR/cp rats NOS activity was increased in the brain parts like brain cortex and cerebellum, we ...
The role of neuronal synchronization in selective attention
... neuronal synchronization depends on tasks in which there is identical sensory stimulation across conditions but covert attention is directed to different aspects of this sensory input. Based on such tasks, visual cortical neurons that have receptive fields overlapping with an attended stimulus synch ...
... neuronal synchronization depends on tasks in which there is identical sensory stimulation across conditions but covert attention is directed to different aspects of this sensory input. Based on such tasks, visual cortical neurons that have receptive fields overlapping with an attended stimulus synch ...
Opposite Effects of Amphetamine Self
... imaging studies in human stimulant users have found persistent basal and drug-induced changes in metabolic activity (Volkow et al., 1992; Paulus et al., 2002; Adinoff et al., 2003; Bolla et al., 2003), DA receptor levels (Volkow et al., 1993; London et al., 2000) and gray matter volume in OFC (Fein ...
... imaging studies in human stimulant users have found persistent basal and drug-induced changes in metabolic activity (Volkow et al., 1992; Paulus et al., 2002; Adinoff et al., 2003; Bolla et al., 2003), DA receptor levels (Volkow et al., 1993; London et al., 2000) and gray matter volume in OFC (Fein ...
Opposite Effects of Amphetamine Self
... imaging studies in human stimulant users have found persistent basal and drug-induced changes in metabolic activity (Volkow et al., 1992; Paulus et al., 2002; Adinoff et al., 2003; Bolla et al., 2003), DA receptor levels (Volkow et al., 1993; London et al., 2000) and gray matter volume in OFC (Fein ...
... imaging studies in human stimulant users have found persistent basal and drug-induced changes in metabolic activity (Volkow et al., 1992; Paulus et al., 2002; Adinoff et al., 2003; Bolla et al., 2003), DA receptor levels (Volkow et al., 1993; London et al., 2000) and gray matter volume in OFC (Fein ...
Brain stem excitatory and inhibitory signaling pathways regulating
... which can be modulated by alterations in activity of neutral endopeptidases (156). In addition, endogenous substance P facilitates synaptic transmission in airway parasympathetic ganglia (34, 154), similar to the effect observed with cyclooxygenase activation and the release of prostaglandins in ant ...
... which can be modulated by alterations in activity of neutral endopeptidases (156). In addition, endogenous substance P facilitates synaptic transmission in airway parasympathetic ganglia (34, 154), similar to the effect observed with cyclooxygenase activation and the release of prostaglandins in ant ...
Neuromodulation of in Layer II Medial Entorhinal Cortex I
... current amplitude measured after steps from a hyperpolarized selective M current blocker XE911 does not produce a significant holding potential of ⫺120 mV to a holding potential of ⫺40 mV change in the membrane current generated during a step from in atropine was 945.0 ⫾ 71.8 pA. After application o ...
... current amplitude measured after steps from a hyperpolarized selective M current blocker XE911 does not produce a significant holding potential of ⫺120 mV to a holding potential of ⫺40 mV change in the membrane current generated during a step from in atropine was 945.0 ⫾ 71.8 pA. After application o ...
Gating of Sensory Input by Spontaneous Cortical Activity
... a semiautomatic algorithm (http://klustakwik.sourceforge.net) followed by manual clustering (http://klusters.sourceforge.net). Only neurons with firing rates higher than 1 Hz were used in further analysis, resulting in population sizes 17, 26, 32, and 45 for the four rats, respectively. After spike ...
... a semiautomatic algorithm (http://klustakwik.sourceforge.net) followed by manual clustering (http://klusters.sourceforge.net). Only neurons with firing rates higher than 1 Hz were used in further analysis, resulting in population sizes 17, 26, 32, and 45 for the four rats, respectively. After spike ...
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... observed in more than half of the neurons (29/53) and inward rectification (Fig. 1B) was observed in nearly one third of the neurons (17/53). After bath application of the selective mAChR agonist muscarine at 1 μM, 3 μM, 10 μM and 30 μM, there was no change in the intrinsic membrane properties of th ...
... observed in more than half of the neurons (29/53) and inward rectification (Fig. 1B) was observed in nearly one third of the neurons (17/53). After bath application of the selective mAChR agonist muscarine at 1 μM, 3 μM, 10 μM and 30 μM, there was no change in the intrinsic membrane properties of th ...
ficient mice: Distinct effects in Finnish variant late infantile NCL
... To explore the extent of cortical atrophy, cortical thickness measurements were made on the same one-in-six series of Nissl stained sections for primary motor (M1), primary somatosensory (S1BF), primary visual (V1) and lateral entorhinal (LEnt) cortex using an ×1.25 objective as described previously ...
... To explore the extent of cortical atrophy, cortical thickness measurements were made on the same one-in-six series of Nissl stained sections for primary motor (M1), primary somatosensory (S1BF), primary visual (V1) and lateral entorhinal (LEnt) cortex using an ×1.25 objective as described previously ...
Effects on the central and peripheral nervous activity in rats elicited
... ABSTRACT: Adult male Wistar rats were treated with inorganic lead, mercury and manganese, and their double combinations, in acute application. The aim was to study the effects on spontaneous and stimulus-evoked cortical, and evoked peripheral, nervous activity, to detect any interaction of the metal ...
... ABSTRACT: Adult male Wistar rats were treated with inorganic lead, mercury and manganese, and their double combinations, in acute application. The aim was to study the effects on spontaneous and stimulus-evoked cortical, and evoked peripheral, nervous activity, to detect any interaction of the metal ...
a review with emphasis on the projections of specific thalamic nuclei
... * * The following definitions of the word ‘primary’ are offered in the hope that they will alleviate some of the confusion which has resulted from the various ways in which the word ‘primary’ has been applied to describe specific regions of the cerebral cortex. In the context of studies of cortical ...
... * * The following definitions of the word ‘primary’ are offered in the hope that they will alleviate some of the confusion which has resulted from the various ways in which the word ‘primary’ has been applied to describe specific regions of the cerebral cortex. In the context of studies of cortical ...
The effect of lithium on the adrenoceptor
... Adrenoceptors (ARs) are members of the family of 7-transmembrane-domain guanine nucleotide protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are a significant pharmacological target in clinical medicine. ARs have been classified into several specific subtypes on the basis of pharmacological distinctions. The AR ...
... Adrenoceptors (ARs) are members of the family of 7-transmembrane-domain guanine nucleotide protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are a significant pharmacological target in clinical medicine. ARs have been classified into several specific subtypes on the basis of pharmacological distinctions. The AR ...
D2 receptor overexpression in the striatum leads to a deficit in
... type of DA receptors are involved in the change in sensitivity of DA to synaptic transmission in layer V pyramidal neurons in striatal D2R-OE mice, we tested the effects of the D1/D5 agonist SKF-81297 on the evoked IPSC and EPSC trains in both transgenic and control mice. SKF-81297 is a highly D1-se ...
... type of DA receptors are involved in the change in sensitivity of DA to synaptic transmission in layer V pyramidal neurons in striatal D2R-OE mice, we tested the effects of the D1/D5 agonist SKF-81297 on the evoked IPSC and EPSC trains in both transgenic and control mice. SKF-81297 is a highly D1-se ...
Time Constants of h Current in Layer II Stellate Cells... along the Dorsal to Ventral Axis of Medial Entorhinal Cortex
... lines were constructed using the least-squares method in Microsoft Excel and r values are reported. Frequency of subthreshold oscillation. Methods to determine the dominant frequency of membrane potential oscillations during current-clamp recording in stellate cells have been previously described (G ...
... lines were constructed using the least-squares method in Microsoft Excel and r values are reported. Frequency of subthreshold oscillation. Methods to determine the dominant frequency of membrane potential oscillations during current-clamp recording in stellate cells have been previously described (G ...
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... neurons (reviewed by Pearson and Doe, 2004; Brody and Odewald, 2002; Jacob et al., 2008). This sequence of events is recapitulated in vitro using isolated neuroblasts and is linked to the number of cell cycles that have progressed, suggesting that the derivation of different neuronal cell types from ...
... neurons (reviewed by Pearson and Doe, 2004; Brody and Odewald, 2002; Jacob et al., 2008). This sequence of events is recapitulated in vitro using isolated neuroblasts and is linked to the number of cell cycles that have progressed, suggesting that the derivation of different neuronal cell types from ...
Negatively-Correlated Firing - Department of Computer Science
... interneurons are very common in the neocortex, and lateral inhibition has been shown to play an important role in sharpening the distinctions between similar inputs, where such inputs would otherwise invoke nearly the same response in neurons with only slightly different response properties. However ...
... interneurons are very common in the neocortex, and lateral inhibition has been shown to play an important role in sharpening the distinctions between similar inputs, where such inputs would otherwise invoke nearly the same response in neurons with only slightly different response properties. However ...
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... increases synchronization, and decreasing receptive Weld size by pairing diVerent tone frequencies with NB stimulation decreases synchronization. These observations seem to support the conclusion that neural synchronization is simply an artifact caused by common inputs. However, pairing tone trains ...
... increases synchronization, and decreasing receptive Weld size by pairing diVerent tone frequencies with NB stimulation decreases synchronization. These observations seem to support the conclusion that neural synchronization is simply an artifact caused by common inputs. However, pairing tone trains ...
Impairment of a parabolic bursting rhythm by the ectopic expression
... bursting activity by rSK2 overexpression is unlikely to be due to reduced spike duration, and is more likely to be due to rSK2-induced slow AHP that decays with a time constant of , 150 ms [14]. It is widely held that slowly activating, voltagedependent currents play a key role in producing the burs ...
... bursting activity by rSK2 overexpression is unlikely to be due to reduced spike duration, and is more likely to be due to rSK2-induced slow AHP that decays with a time constant of , 150 ms [14]. It is widely held that slowly activating, voltagedependent currents play a key role in producing the burs ...
Model of Cortical-Basal Ganglionic Processing: Encoding the Serial
... and several of its reciprocally linked areas (e.g., posterior parietal, orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate, and superior temporal cortex) converge in a general way onto the same volume of caudate, although the predominate pattern is one of segregation or interdigitation of terminal fields as opposed ...
... and several of its reciprocally linked areas (e.g., posterior parietal, orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate, and superior temporal cortex) converge in a general way onto the same volume of caudate, although the predominate pattern is one of segregation or interdigitation of terminal fields as opposed ...
ELECTRODEPOSITION OF ALLOYS, 1930 TO 1940.1 By Ci
... selective NK1 receptor agonist [Sar9, Met (O2)11]SP [Sar9, Met (O2)11]SP, 600 pmol in 50 nl; Sigma) and the nonpeptide selective NK1 receptor antagonist Win 51708 (5 nmol in 100 nl; Sigma) were prepared for microinjection. The DiMe-SP was dissolved in 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline (0.9%). The pH w ...
... selective NK1 receptor agonist [Sar9, Met (O2)11]SP [Sar9, Met (O2)11]SP, 600 pmol in 50 nl; Sigma) and the nonpeptide selective NK1 receptor antagonist Win 51708 (5 nmol in 100 nl; Sigma) were prepared for microinjection. The DiMe-SP was dissolved in 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline (0.9%). The pH w ...
Move to the rhythm: oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus–external
... The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical brain nuclei involved in voluntary movement, association, cognition and emotion [1–6]. Reciprocally connected glutamatergic neurons of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and GABAergic neurons of the external globus pallidus (GPe) form a key network within the ...
... The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical brain nuclei involved in voluntary movement, association, cognition and emotion [1–6]. Reciprocally connected glutamatergic neurons of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and GABAergic neurons of the external globus pallidus (GPe) form a key network within the ...
Hypothesized Deficiency of Guanine
... CSF. In view of this, lowered CSF HVA levels in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome implicate the basal ganglia in the emergence of at least some of the CNS symptoms (eg, choreoathetosis). Perhaps a diminished release of dopamine from terminals within basal ganglia leads to a compensatory up-regulation in the sens ...
... CSF. In view of this, lowered CSF HVA levels in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome implicate the basal ganglia in the emergence of at least some of the CNS symptoms (eg, choreoathetosis). Perhaps a diminished release of dopamine from terminals within basal ganglia leads to a compensatory up-regulation in the sens ...
Analysis of Firing Correlations Between Sympathetic Premotor
... (Fig. 1A). Once two such unit recordings were isolated, attempts were made to determine whether either neuron possessed a spinal axon by looking for an antidromic response to electrical stimulation of the dorsolateral funiculus in the third to fourth cervical segments (Fig. 1B). Standard tests, incl ...
... (Fig. 1A). Once two such unit recordings were isolated, attempts were made to determine whether either neuron possessed a spinal axon by looking for an antidromic response to electrical stimulation of the dorsolateral funiculus in the third to fourth cervical segments (Fig. 1B). Standard tests, incl ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.